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Tumor-associated macrophage-derived exosomal microRNA-155-5p stimulates intracranial aneurysm formation and macrophage infiltration. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2265-2282. [PMID: 31657855 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a regulatory role in inflammation and cancer. Exosomes derived from macrophages carrying microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are of great value for cancer therapy. Gremlin 1 (GREM1), a member of the antagonists of secreted bone morphogenetic protein, has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases or cancers. Based on the predictions of miRNA-mRNA interaction, GREM1 was found to be a target gene of miR-155-5p. Here, the present study aims to explore the role of TAM-derived exosomal miR-155-5p by regulating GREM1 in intracranial aneurysm (IA). The collected results showed that GREM1 was down-regulated in IA, while miR-155-5p was up-regulated in TAM-derived exosomes. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were co-cultured with TAMs or exposed to exosomes derived from TAMs transfected with either miR-155-5p mimic or miR-155-5p inhibitor for exploring their roles in proliferation and migration of SMCs in vitro. Accordingly, in vitro experiments showed that TAM-derived exosomal miR-155-5p could promote proliferation and migration of SMCs by targeting GREM1. The effects of TAM-derived exosomal miR-155-5p on IA formation and TAM activation and infiltration by regulation of GREM1 in vivo were measured in IA rats injected with exosomes or those from TAMs transfected with miR-155-5p inhibitor. In vivo experimental results consistently confirmed that TAM-derived exosomes carrying miR-155-5p promoted IA formation and TAM activation and infiltration. In conclusion, TAM-derived exosomal miR-155-5p promotes IA formation via GREM1, which points to miR-155-5p as a possible therapeutic target for IA.
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Song Y, Liu P, Li Z, Shi Y, Huang J, Li S, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhu W, Yang GY. The Effect of Myosin Light Chain Kinase on the Occurrence and Development of Intracranial Aneurysm. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:416. [PMID: 30555299 PMCID: PMC6282066 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin light chain kinase is a key enzyme in smooth muscle cell contraction. However, whether myosin light chain kinase plays a role in the occurrence or development of intracranial aneurysms is not clear. The present study explored the function of myosin light chain kinase in human intracranial aneurysm tissues. Five aneurysm samples and five control samples were collected, and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were dissociated and cultured. A label-free proteomic analysis was performed to screen the differentially expressed proteins between aneurysm and control samples. The expression and function of myosin light chain kinase in aneurysms were examined. We found that 180 proteins were differentially expressed between the aneurysm and control samples, among which 88 were increased and 92 (including myosin light chain kinase) were decreased in aneurysms compared to control tissues. In a model of the inflammatory environment, contractility was weakened and apoptosis was increased in aneurysm SMCs compared to human brain SMCs (p < 0.05). The knock down of myosin light chain kinase in human brain SMCs caused effects similar to those observed in aneurysm SMCs. These results indicated that myosin light chain kinase plays an important role in maintaining smooth muscle contractility, cell survival and inflammation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaying Song
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peixi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongwei Li
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Hypertension, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sichen Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Lorigo M, Mariana M, Feiteiro J, Cairrao E. How is the human umbilical artery regulated? J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2018; 44:1193-1201. [PMID: 29727040 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to present an update of the main mechanisms involved in the physiological regulation of contraction and relaxation of the human umbilical artery (HUA) smooth muscle cells. A literature review was performed based on the analysis of papers available on PubMed. The most important and relevant studies regarding the regulation of the HUA are presented in this article. The vascular smooth muscle is a highly specialized structure, whose main function is to regulate the vascular tonus. This is controlled by a balance between the cellular signaling pathways that mediate contraction and relaxation. The cells responsible for the contractile property of this muscle are the smooth muscle cells (SMC), and an excellent source of these cells is the HUA, involved in fetoplacental circulation. Since the umbilical blood vessels are not innervated, the HUA tonus is modulated by vasoactive substances that regulate the contractile process. The main vasoactive substances that induce contraction are serotonin, histamine, thromboxane, bradykinin, endothelin 1 and prostaglandin F2α, that are linked to the activation of proteins Gq and Gi/0 . On the other hand, the main vasorelaxation mechanisms are the activation of adenyl and guanil cyclases, potassium channels and the inhibition of calcium channels. The SMC from the HUA allow the study of different cellular mechanisms and their functions. Therefore, these cells are an important tool to study the mechanisms regulating the contractility of this artery, allowing to detect potential therapeutic targets to treat HUA disorders (gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Lorigo
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Melissa Mariana
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Joana Feiteiro
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Elisa Cairrao
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Endovascular Biopsy: In Vivo Cerebral Aneurysm Endothelial Cell Sampling and Gene Expression Analysis. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 9:20-33. [PMID: 28900857 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0560-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
There is limited data describing endothelial cell (EC) gene expression between aneurysms and arteries partly because of risks associated with surgical tissue collection. Endovascular biopsy (EB) is a lower risk alternative to conventional surgical methods, though no such efforts have been attempted for aneurysms. We sought (1) to establish the feasibility of EB to isolate viable ECs by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), (2) to characterize the differences in gene expression by anatomic location and rupture status using single-cell qPCR, and (3) to demonstrate the utility of unsupervised clustering algorithms to identify cell subpopulations. EB was performed in 10 patients (5 ruptured, 5 non-ruptured). FACS was used to isolate the ECs and single-cell qPCR was used to quantify the expression of 48 genes. Linear mixed models and exploratory multilevel component analysis (MCA) and self-organizing maps (SOMs) were performed to identify possible subpopulations of cells. ECs were collected from all aneurysms and there were no adverse events. A total of 437 ECs was collected, 94 (22%) of which were aneurysmal cells and 319 (73%) demonstrated EC-specific gene expression. Ruptured aneurysm cells, relative controls, yielded a median p value of 0.40 with five genes (10%) with p values < 0.05. The five genes (TIE1, ENG, VEGFA, MMP2, and VWF) demonstrated uniformly reduced expression relative the remaining ECs. MCA and SOM analyses identified a population of outlying cells characterized by cell marker gene expression profiles different from endothelial cells. After removal of these cells, no cell clustering based on genetic co-expressivity was found to differentiate aneurysm cells from control cells. Endovascular sampling is a reliable method for cell collection for brain aneurysm gene analysis and may serve as a technique to further vascular molecular research. There is utility in combining mixed and clustering methods, despite no specific subpopulation identified in this trial.
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Adibi A, Sen A, Mitha AP. Cell Therapy for Intracranial Aneurysms: A Review. World Neurosurg 2015; 86:390-8. [PMID: 26547001 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.10.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
One in five patients undergoing endovascular coiling (the current standard of care for treating intracranial aneurysms) experience a recurrence of the aneurysm as a result of improper healing. Recurrence remains the only major drawback of the coiling treatment and has been the focus of many studies over the last two decades. Cell therapy, a novel treatment modality in which therapeutic cells are introduced to the site of the injury to promote tissue regeneration, has opened up new possibilities for treating aneurysms. The healing response that ensues aneurysm embolization includes several cellular processes that can be targeted with cell therapy to prevent the aneurysm from recurring. Ten preclinical studies involving cell therapy to treat aneurysms were published between 1999 and 2014. In this review, we summarize the results of these studies and discuss advances, shortcomings, and the future of cell therapy for intracranial aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Adibi
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arindom Sen
- Pharmaceutical Production Research Facility (PPRF), Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alim P Mitha
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Jeon JP, Cho WS, Kang HS, Kim JE, Kim SK, Oh CW. Elevated cellular retinoic Acid binding protein-I in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with hemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases : preliminary study. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2015; 57:88-93. [PMID: 25733988 PMCID: PMC4345199 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2015.57.2.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Elevated cellular retinoic acid binding protein-I (CRABP-I) is thought to be related to the abnormal proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Accordingly, a higher CRABP-I level could cause disorganized vessel walls by causing immature SMC phenotypes and altering extracellular matrix proteins which could result in vulnerable arterial walls with inadequate responses to hemodynamic stress. We hypothesized that elevated CRABP-I level in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) could be related to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Moreover, we also extended this hypothesis in patients with vascular malformation according to the presence of hemorrhage. Methods We investigated the CSF of 26 patients : SAH, n=7; unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA), n=7; arteriovenous malformation (AVM), n=4; cavernous malformation (CM), n=3; control group, n=5. The optical density of CRABP-I was confirmed by Western blotting and presented as mean±standard error of the measurement. Results CRABP-I in SAH (0.33±0.09) was significantly higher than that in the UIA (0.12±0.01, p=0.033) or control group (0.10±0.01, p=0.012). Hemorrhage presenting AVM (mean 0.45, ranged 0.30-0.59) had a higher CRABP-I level than that in AVM without hemorrhage presentation (mean 0.16, ranged 0.14-0.17). The CRABP-I intensity in CM with hemorrhage was 0.21 and 0.31, and for CM without hemorrhage 0.14. Overall, the hemorrhage presenting group (n=11, 0.34±0.06) showed a significantly higher CRABP-I intensity than that of the non-hemorrhage presenting group (n=10, 0.13±0.01, p=0.001). Conclusion The results suggest that elevated CRABP-I in the CSF could be related with aneurysm rupture. Additionally, a higher CRABP-I level seems to be associated with hemorrhage development in vascular malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Pyeong Jeon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Won-Sang Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Seung Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Wan Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Frösen J. Smooth Muscle Cells and the Formation, Degeneration, and Rupture of Saccular Intracranial Aneurysm Wall—a Review of Current Pathophysiological Knowledge. Transl Stroke Res 2014; 5:347-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-014-0340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vascular smooth muscle cells in cerebral aneurysm pathogenesis. Transl Stroke Res 2013; 5:338-46. [PMID: 24323713 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-013-0290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) maintain significant plasticity. Following environmental stimulation, SMC can alter their phenotype from one primarily concerned with contraction to a pro-inflammatory and matrix remodeling phenotype. This is a critical process behind peripheral vascular disease and atherosclerosis, a key element of cerebral aneurysm pathology. Evolving evidence demonstrates that SMCs and phenotypic modulation play a significant role in cerebral aneurysm formation and rupture. Pharmacological alteration of smooth muscle cell function and phenotypic modulation could provide a promising medical therapy to inhibit cerebral aneurysm progression. This study reviews vascular SMC function and its contribution to cerebral aneurysm pathophysiology.
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Lu S, Sun X, Hong T, Song K, Yang S, Wang C. Isolation and culture of smooth muscle cells from human acute type A aortic dissection. J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 8:83. [PMID: 23587067 PMCID: PMC3639144 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8090-8-83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is a life-threatening vascular disease. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the main composition of aortic media and dysfunction of SMCs may lead to acute TAAD. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the SMCs of acute TAAD could be isolated and cultured for further research. METHODS TAAD tissues were obtained from acute TAAD patients who underwent emergent surgical treatment. A simple and economical technique of collagenase digestion method was used to isolate and culture human SMCs. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was applied to identify SMC phenotypes. Purity of isolated and cultured SMCs was analyzed with flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy respectively. RESULTS The purity of isolated SMCs was 78.2%, including α-smooth muscle cell actin positive 13.9%, calponin positive 35.0% and double positive 29.3%. For cultured SMCs, abundant expression of α-smooth muscle cell actin was observed universally under fluorescence microscope. Confocal laser scanning microscope testified that cultured cells were double positive of α-smooth muscle actin and calponin. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of successful culture of SMCs isolated from human acute TAAD tissues. Living human SMCs of acute TAAD provides us with a new method for studying formation of acute TAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Lu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Fenglin Road 180, Xujiahui District, Shanghai 200032, China
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Zhou W, He DQ, Liu JY, Feng Y, Zhang XY, Hua CG, Tang XF. Angiogenic gene-modified myoblasts promote vascularization during repair of skeletal muscle defects. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 9:1404-16. [PMID: 23365046 DOI: 10.1002/term.1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Deng-Qi He
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Yuan Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Feng
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Ge Hua
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Fa Tang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Chalouhi N, Ali MS, Jabbour PM, Tjoumakaris SI, Gonzalez LF, Rosenwasser RH, Koch WJ, Dumont AS. Biology of intracranial aneurysms: role of inflammation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012; 32:1659-76. [PMID: 22781330 PMCID: PMC3434628 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2012.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) linger as a potentially devastating clinical problem. Despite intense investigation, our understanding of the mechanisms leading to aneurysm development, progression and rupture remain incompletely defined. An accumulating body of evidence implicates inflammation as a critical contributor to aneurysm pathogenesis. Intracranial aneurysm formation and progression appear to result from endothelial dysfunction, a mounting inflammatory response, and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation producing a pro-inflammatory phenotype. A later final common pathway appears to involve apoptosis of cellular constituents of the vessel wall. These changes result in degradation of the integrity of the vascular wall leading to aneurysmal dilation, progression and eventual rupture in certain aneurysms. Various aspects of the inflammatory response have been investigated as contributors to IA pathogenesis including leukocytes, complement, immunoglobulins, cytokines, and other humoral mediators. Furthermore, gene expression profiling of IA compared with control arteries has prominently featured differential expression of genes involved with immune response/inflammation. Preliminary data suggest that therapies targeting the inflammatory response may have efficacy in the future treatment of IA. Further investigation, however, is necessary to elucidate the precise role of inflammation in IA pathogenesis, which can be exploited to improve the prognosis of patients harboring IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohra Chalouhi
- Joseph and Marie Field Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Neurovascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University and Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
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