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Amagasaki K, Tatebayashi K, Naemura K. Internal Neurolysis for Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Preliminary Single-institution Experience in Japan. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2024; 64:261-265. [PMID: 38839296 PMCID: PMC11304444 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2023-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Internal neurolysis (IN) is a surgical procedure in which the trigeminal fibers are separated between the pons and porus trigeminus to relieve trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Recent investigations revealed that the number of nerve bundles made by IN varies, and immediate postoperative hypesthesia exceeded 90% and pain control rate at 1 year was 77%-93.5%. We present the preliminary experience of 18 patients who underwent IN for TN between June 2020 and June 2022. The Barrow Neurological Institute pain scale (BNI-PS) was recorded preoperatively and in June 2023, and the Barrow Neurological Institute hypesthesia scale (BNI-HS) was recorded preoperatively, immediate postoperatively and in June 2023. Intraoperatively, the number of bundles made by IN was reviewed. Preoperative BNI-PS ranged between VI and V. Two patients experienced BNI-HS II due to percutaneous procedure prior to IN. Intraoperatively, 3 bundles were made by IN in 7 patients, 4 bundles in 5, and 5 bundles in 6. Immediate postoperative BNI-HS I was recorded in 6 patients and II in 12 (66.7%). The last follow-up revealed that BNI-PS I and II were recorded in 13 patients (72.2%) and BNI-HS I and II in 6 patients, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the rates of immediate postoperative hypesthesia (66.7%) and pain control (72.2%) at 1 year or later were below those of previous reports. Therefore, we are currently combing to make at least 6 bundles. Detailed surgical technique and cardiac reflex alerts during the procedure are described.
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Lavergne P, Piper K, Vinjamuri S, Kelly P, Evans JJ. Internal Neurolysis for Trigeminal Neuralgia: Technical Nuances and a Single-Institution Experience. World Neurosurg 2024; 184:e9-e16. [PMID: 37666299 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.08.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trigeminal neuralgia is a facial pain syndrome most commonly caused by a neurovascular compression (NVC) of the trigeminal nerve. Microvascular decompression (MVD) is the most durable surgical treatment; however, patients without an NVC are not candidates for this procedure. Alternative treatments such as percutaneous rhizotomy and radiosurgery are effective but with higher recurrence rates. Internal neurolysis (IN) is a less frequently used procedure that aims to provide long-term relief to patients without NVC. OBJECTIVE We present the surgical techniques for IN developed at our institution. We also discuss the technical nuances related to nerve consistency and present a new classification based on these findings. We provide pain and numbness outcomes for our cohort of patients stratified by the extent of neurolysis and nerve consistency. METHODS Patients with medically intractable trigeminal neuralgia eligible for posterior fossa exploration are eligible for MVD and possible IN. If no NVC or a mild NVC is encountered, IN is performed. We have divided the procedure into 4 main steps: opening the outer connective sheath, fascicular dissection, inside-out dissection and the fascicular irrigation technique. Trigeminal nerve consistency has been classified into 3 main types: type 1 is soft and friable; type 2 is intermediate consistency and ideal for neurolysis; and type 3 is firm and presents a more challenging dissection. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of microvascular compression, we advocate for a thorough neurolysis using the techniques described in our article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Lavergne
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Surgery, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, University of Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Keenan Piper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shreya Vinjamuri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Patrick Kelly
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James J Evans
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Xu R, Materi J, Raj D, Alomari S, Xia Y, Nair SK, Shah PP, Kannapadi N, Kim T, Huang J, Bettegowda C, Lim M. Internal neurolysis versus intraoperative glycerin rhizotomy for trigeminal neuralgia. J Neurosurg 2023; 138:270-275. [PMID: 35523261 DOI: 10.3171/2022.3.jns212956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Internal neurolysis (IN) and intraoperative glycerin rhizotomy (ioGR) are emerging surgical options for patients with trigeminal neuralgia without neurovascular contact. The objective of this study was to compare the neurological outcomes of patients who underwent IN with those of patients who underwent ioGR. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent IN or ioGR for trigeminal neuralgia at our institution. Patient demographic characteristics and immediate postoperative outcomes, as well as long-term neurological outcomes, were compared. RESULTS Of 1044 patients who underwent open surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia, 56 patients underwent IN and 91 underwent ioGR. Of these 147 patients, 37 had no evidence of intraoperative neurovascular conflict. All patients who underwent IN and 96.7% of patients who underwent ioGR had immediate postoperative pain relief. At last follow-up, patients who underwent IN had lower Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) pain intensity scores (p = 0.05), better BNI facial numbness scores (p < 0.01), and a greater degree of pain improvement (p = 0.05) compared with those who underwent ioGR. Patients who underwent IN also had significantly lower rates of symptomatic pain recurrence (p < 0.01) at last follow-up over an average of 9.5 months. CONCLUSIONS IN appears to provide patients with a greater degree of pain relief, lower rates of facial numbness, and lower rates of pain recurrence compared with ioGR. Future prospective studies will better characterize long-term pain recurrence and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Xu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Joshua Materi
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Divyaansh Raj
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Safwan Alomari
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Yuanxuan Xia
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Sumil K Nair
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Pavan P Shah
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Nivedha Kannapadi
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Timothy Kim
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Judy Huang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - Michael Lim
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Zhang Z, Wang W, Yu F, Kwok SC, Wang Y, Yin J. Strategies for intraoperative management of the trigeminal nerve and long-term follow-up outcomes in patients with trigeminal neuralgia secondary to an intracranial epidermoid cyst. Front Surg 2022; 9:930261. [PMID: 35965867 PMCID: PMC9373036 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.930261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEpidermoid cysts (ECs) are one of the most common causes of secondary trigeminal neuralgia (TGN). However, most previous studies have primarily focused on whether complete tumor resection was achieved, and few studies have discussed the primary goal of pain relief.ObjectiveThe present study provides intraoperative strategies for trigeminal nerve (TN) management in patients with TGN secondary to an EC and observed long-term follow-up outcomes.MethodsA total of 69 patients with TGN secondary to an EC at our hospitals were included (January 2011–June 2021). The same surgical team performed all surgeries using a retrosigmoid approach. After EC removal, different methods for TN management were used, including microvascular decompression (MVD), sharp capsulectomy, nerve combing and embedded cholesterol crystal excision. The epidemiological, clinical, and surgical data were extracted.ResultsThe total EC removal rate was 92.8% (64/69). All patients achieved initial pain relief postoperatively, and 12 patients (17.4%) experienced varying degrees of hemifacial hypesthesia, which was relieved within 3–6 months. Three patients (4.3%) reported partial pain recurrence within a median follow-up period of 5.5 (0.5–10.5) years, which was relieved completely after low-dose carbamazepine administration.ConclusionThe primary goal of surgical tumor removal for patients with TGN secondary to an EC is relief of the main symptom of tormenting pain. The selection of an appropriate strategy for TN, including MVD, sharp capsulectomy, nerve combing or embedded cholesterol crystal excision, should depend on the patient's situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, ShanghaiChina
| | - Wenhua Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, ShanghaiChina
| | - Feng Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 960 Hospital of The People's Liberation Army of China, Jinan, China
| | - Sze Chai Kwok
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Division of Natural and Applied Sciences, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China
- Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 904 Hospital of The People's Liberation Army of China, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, ShanghaiChina
- Correspondence: Jia Yin
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Durnford AJ, Gaastra B, Akarca D, Lodge A, Ewbank FG, Noorani I, Vajramani G, Sparrow OC. Internal neurolysis: 'nerve combing' for trigeminal neuralgia without neurovascular conflict - early UK outcomes. Br J Neurosurg 2022; 36:175-178. [PMID: 33302746 DOI: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1837730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Internal neurolysis (INL) is a surgical procedure where trigeminal nerve fibres are separated between the pons and porus trigeminus to relieve trigeminal neuralgia (TN). We report pain and functional outcomes to evaluate its safety and efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prospective cohort of all patients undergoing retrosigmoid craniotomy and INL between 2015 and 2017 at University Hospital Southampton. Patients with type I (6) or type II (2) refractory TN and no clear neurovascular conflict were offered INL as an alternative to partial sensory rhizotomy. Barrow Pain Intensity Scale (BNI) and Brief Pain Inventory Facial scores (BPI-Facial) were assessed. Minimum follow-up was 2 years'. RESULTS Eight patients (7F:1M) underwent INL. Two had MS. Pre-operatively, all had severe pain (BNI grade V) and the median BPI-Facial score was 115 (range 79-123).. There were no unexpected complications. On last follow-up, six (75%) had no pain (BNI grade I), while two (25%) had recurred (at 5 and 27 months). Median BPI-Facial score for all patients on the last follow-up was 20 (range 18-91) reflecting dramatically improved quality of life and activities. CONCLUSIONS INL is a potentially safe and effective treatment for refractory TN. Long-term efficacy is unknown, but early results are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Durnford
- Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ben Gaastra
- Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Danyal Akarca
- Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Amanda Lodge
- Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Frederick G Ewbank
- Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Imran Noorani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Girish Vajramani
- Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Owen C Sparrow
- Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Chen Q, Yi DI, Perez JNJ, Liu M, Chang SD, Barad MJ, Lim M, Qian X. The Molecular Basis and Pathophysiology of Trigeminal Neuralgia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3604. [PMID: 35408959 PMCID: PMC8998776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a complex orofacial pain syndrome characterized by the paroxysmal onset of pain attacks in the trigeminal distribution. The underlying mechanism for this debilitating condition is still not clearly understood. Decades of basic and clinical evidence support the demyelination hypothesis, where demyelination along the trigeminal afferent pathway is a major driver for TN pathogenesis and pathophysiology. Such pathological demyelination can be triggered by physical compression of the trigeminal ganglion or another primary demyelinating disease, such as multiple sclerosis. Further examination of TN patients and animal models has revealed significant molecular changes, channelopathies, and electrophysiological abnormalities in the affected trigeminal nerve. Interestingly, recent electrophysiological recordings and advanced functional neuroimaging data have shed new light on the global structural changes and the altered connectivity in the central pain-related circuits in TN patients. The current article aims to review the latest findings on the pathophysiology of TN and cross-examining them with the current surgical and pharmacologic management for TN patients. Understanding the underlying biology of TN could help scientists and clinicians to identify novel targets and improve treatments for this complex, debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- QiLiang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dae Ik Yi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Josiah Nathan Joco Perez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Monica Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Steven D Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Meredith J Barad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiang Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Sun T, Wang W, Huang Q, He L, Su Y, Li N, Liu J, Yang C. Teflon Granuloma: A Common Cause of Recurrent Trigeminal Neuralgia. World Neurosurg 2022; 158:e612-e617. [PMID: 34793993 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a common pain syndrome of the nervous system,. Although about 90% patients who were refractory to medications could be free from pain after microvascular decompression (MVD), some patients did experience recurrence. The study aimed to analyze clinical characteristics of patients with recurrent TN, recurrence factors of TN, and prognosis after re-do MVD. METHODS Clinical data and at least 12 months follow-up of patients with recurrent TN who underwent re-do MVD in our hospital from 2005 to 2020 were collected and analyzed. RESULTS A total of 14 patients with recurrent TN were enrolled eventually; adhesive arachnoid membranes were found in all patients. Teflon granuloma was found in 10 patients, new neurovascular compression (NVC) in 3 patients, and vascular displacement in 1 patient. Pain disappeared in 12 patients and relieved in 2 patients, but 4 patients experienced mild facial numbness and 1 patient suffered from incision infection after re-do MVC. No serious surgery-related complications and pain recurrences were recorded. CONCLUSIONS Teflon granuloma was the most common cause of TN recurrence in current study, new NVC was also saw in some patients. Patients with recurrent TN could get satisfactory results from re-do MVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghao Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longshuang He
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Su
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Li J, Zhou M, Wang Y, Kwok SC, Yin J. Neurapraxia in patients with trigeminal neuralgia but no identifiable neurovascular conflict during microvascular decompression: a retrospective analysis of 26 cases. BMC Surg 2022; 22:13. [PMID: 35016641 PMCID: PMC8750803 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-022-01469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microvascular decompression (MVD) is the first choice in patients with classic trigeminal neuralgia (TGN) that could not be sufficiently controlled by pharmacological treatment. However, neurovascular conflict (NVC) could not be identified during MVD in all patients. To describe the efficacy and safety of treatment with aneurysm clips in these situations. Methods
A total of 205 patients underwent MVD for classic TGN at our center from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. In patients without identifiable NVC upon dissection of the entire trigeminal nerve root, neurapraxia was performed using a Yasargil temporary titanium aneurysm clip (force: 90 g) for 40 s (or a total of 60 s if the process must be suspended temporarily due to bradycardia or hypertension). Results A total of 26 patients (median age: 64 years; 15 women) underwent neurapraxia. Five out of the 26 patients received prior MVD but relapsed. Immediate complete pain relief was achieved in all 26 cases. Within a median follow-up of 3 years (range: 1.0–6.0), recurrence was noted in 3 cases (11.5%). Postoperative complications included hemifacial numbness, herpes labialis, masseter weakness; most were transient and dissipated within 3–6 months. Conclusions Neurapraxia using aneurysm clip is safe and effective in patients with classic TGN but no identifiable NVC during MVD. Whether this method could be developed into a standardizable method needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bengbu First People's Hospital, No. 229 Tushan Road, Bengbu, 23000, Anhui, China
| | - Yuhai Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 904 Hospital of PLA, No. 101 North Xingyan Road, Wuxi, 214044, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sze Chai Kwok
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics Ministry of Education, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, No. 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, No. 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.,NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai, No. 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, No. 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Sabourin V, Lavergne P, Mazza J, Head J, Al-Saiegh F, Stefanelli T, Karsy M, Evans JJ. Internal Neurolysis for the Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Systematic Review. World Neurosurg 2021; 158:e829-e842. [PMID: 34823039 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) remains a challenging disease with debilitating symptoms and variable efficacy in terms of treatment options. Microvascular decompression (MVD) with internal neurolysis (IN) is an alternative treatment that might benefit patients but has limited understanding. We performed a systematic review of IN for the treatment of TN. METHODS Studies from 2000 to 2021 that had assessed IN for TN were aggregated and independently reviewed. RESULTS A total of 520 patients in 12 studies were identified, with 384 who had undergone IN (mean age, 53.8 years; range, 46-61.4 years; mean follow-up, 36.5 months). Preoperative symptoms had been present for ∼55.0 months before treatment, and pain was predominantly in V2 and V3 (26.8%), followed by other distributions. Of the patients, 83.7% (range, 72%-93.8%) had had an excellent to good outcome (Barrow Neurological Institute pain scale score [BNI-PS], I-II). The pain outcomes at 1 year were excellent for 58%-78.4%, good or better for 77%-93.75%, and fair or better for 80%-93.75% of the patients. On average, facial numbness after IN was experienced by 96% of the patients. However, at follow-up, facial numbness remained in only 1.75%-10%. Most of the remaining numbness was not significantly distressing to the patients. Subgroup comparisons of IN versus recurrent MVD, IN versus radiofrequency ablation, the effects of IN in the absence of vascular compression, and IN with and without MVD were also evaluated. CONCLUSIONS IN represents a promising surgical intervention for TN in the absence of vascular compression and for potential cases of recurrence. Complications were limited in general but require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sabourin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pascal Lavergne
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jacob Mazza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey Head
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fadi Al-Saiegh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tony Stefanelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Karsy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James J Evans
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Zheng W, Dong X, Wang D, Hu Q, Du Q. Long Time Efficacy and Safety of Microvascular Decompression Combined with Internal Neurolysis for Recurrent Trigeminal Neuralgia. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2021; 64:966-974. [PMID: 34689474 PMCID: PMC8590912 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2020.0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of microvascular decompression (MVD) combined with internal neurolysis (IN) in the treatment of recurrent trigeminal neuralgia (TN) after MVD.
Methods Sixty-four patients with recurrent TN admitted to the hospital from January 2014 to December 2017 were divided into two groups according to the surgical method. Twenty-nine patients, admitted from January 2014 to December 2015, were treated with MVD alone, whereas 35 admitted from January 2016 to December 2017 were treated with MVD+IN. The postoperative efficacy, complications, and pain recurrence rate of the two groups were analyzed. Results The efficacy of the MVD+IN and MVD groups were 88.6% and 86.2%, and the cure rates were 77.1% and 65.5% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). The cure rate (83.3%) of patients in the MVD+IN group, who were only found thickened arachnoid adhesions during the operation that could not be fully released, was significantly higher than that of the MVD group (30.0%) (p<0.05), while the efficacy (91.7% vs. 70%) of the two groups was not statistically different (p>0.05). For patients whose arachnoid adhesions were completely released, there had no significant difference (p>0.05) in the efficacy (87% vs. 94.7%) and recurrence rate (5.0% vs. 11.1%). The incidence of postoperative facial numbness (88.6%) in the MVD+IN group was higher than that in the MVD group (10.3%) (p<0.01). The long-term incidence of facial numbness was not statistically significant (p>0.05). In the 18–36 months follow-up, the recurrence rate of patients in the MVD+IN group (9.7%) and in the MVD group (16%) were not statistically different (p>0.05).
Conclusion A retrospective comparison of patients with recurrent TN showed that both MVD and MVD combined with IN can effectively treat recurrent TN. Compared with MVD alone, MVD combined with IN can effectively improve the pain cure rate of patients with recurrent TN who have only severe arachnoid adhesions. The combination does not increase the incidence of long-term facial numbness and other complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zheng
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Din Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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External Neurolysis in Microvascular Decompression for Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Negative Idiopathic Trigeminal Neuralgia. World Neurosurg 2021; 157:e448-e460. [PMID: 34688934 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Internal neurolysis has been proposed as an alternative to microvascular decompression in patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) in whom neurovascular compression is not confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). External neurolysis, which straightens and realigns the trigeminal nerve root axis by dissecting the arachnoid membranes around the nerve, was reported 20 years ago in the context of so-called negative exploration when MRI did not confirm the absence of the offending vessel, but is not currently used. METHODS External neurolysis was performed in 4 patients with idiopathic TN with typical evoked neuralgic pain despite the absence of suspected offending vessels on MRI. The surgical findings that caused TN were summarized and the outcomes were evaluated using the Barrow Neurological Institute Pain Intensity Scale (BNI-PS). RESULTS Tethering and distortion of the nerve root by surrounding arachnoid membranes were commonly found. All 4 patients showed complete pain relief immediately after surgery. During the follow-up period of 26.5 ± 16.92 months (±standard deviation), 3 of 4 patients had no pain (score I, BNI-PS). One patient received a score of IIIa on the BNI-PS assessment. There was no instance of recurrence or side effects associated with the surgery. CONCLUSIONS Idiopathic TN can be induced by individual variation of the surrounding inner arachnoid membranes supporting the trigeminal nerve root, and the condition cannot be identified by MRI. Intradural external neurolysis may be considered an effective treatment for MRI-negative idiopathic TN.
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12
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Burman S, Khandelwal A, Chaturvedi A. Recent Advances in Trigeminal Neuralgia and Its Management: A Narrative Review. JOURNAL OF NEUROANAESTHESIOLOGY AND CRITICAL CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic facial pain condition that affects one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve (5th cranial nerve). It can be idiopathic, primary, or secondary. The cornerstone of the therapy has been antiepileptic medications, peripheral nerve blocks with various neurolytic agents, and surgical procedures. With the advent of newer technologies, minimally invasive neurolytic techniques like low-level laser therapy and ozone injection have revolutionized the management of TN. Novel drugs like vixotrigine and eslicarbazepine have been promising in reducing the frequency and severity of attacks. Inhaled carbon dioxide too has shown promising results in initial trials. Neuromodulation has given robust data in controlling neuralgic pain especially refractory to medical management. Pulsed radiofrequency has been used with increasing success and the side effects like dysesthesia and paresthesia are less. Cryotherapy, neural prolotherapy, and fiber knife techniques have helped us believe that TN can be controlled and cured. The need of the hour is to develop and explore newer modalities for trigeminal neuralgia treatment with minimum side effects. In this narrative review, we have tried to shed light into the newer modalities of treatment of TN along with new clinical classification for better disease recognition and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Burman
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankur Khandelwal
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Sharda University School of Medical Sciences and Research, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arvind Chaturvedi
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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13
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Li MW, Jiang XF, Niu C. Efficacy of Internal Neurolysis for Trigeminal Neuralgia without Vascular Compression. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2021; 82:364-368. [PMID: 33845508 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1723809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Trigeminal neuralgia is a common neurologic disease that seriously impacts a patient's quality of life. We retrospectively investigated the efficacy and safety of internal neurolysis (nerve combing) for trigeminal neuralgia without vascular compression. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was a retrospective review of all patients with trigeminal neuralgia who were admitted between January 2014 and February 2019. A subgroup of 36 patients had no vascular compression at surgery and underwent internal neurolysis. Chart review and postoperative follow-up were performed to assess the overall outcomes of internal neurolysis. RESULTS Thirty-six patients were identified, with a mean age of 44.89 ± 7.90 (rang: 31-65) years and a disease duration of 5.19 ± 2.61 years. The immediate postoperative pain relief (Barrow Neurological Institute [BNI] pain score of I or II) rate was 100%. The medium- to long-term pain relief rate was 91.7%. Three patients experienced recurrence. Facial numbness was the primary postoperative complication. Four patients with a score of III on the BNI numbness scale immediately after surgery had marked improvement at 6 months. No serious complications occurred. CONCLUSION Internal neurolysis is a safe and effective treatment for trigeminal neuralgia without vascular compression or clear responsible vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Provincial Stereotactic Neurological Institute, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease - Neurosurgery, Anhui, Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China Anhui provincial hospital - Neurosurgery, Anhui, Republic of China
| | - Chaoshi Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medial University, Hefei, Republic of China
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14
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Zawy Alsofy S, Welzel Saravia H, Nakamura M, Ewelt C, Lewitz M, Sakellaropoulou I, Sarkis HM, Fortmann T, Schipmann S, Suero Molina E, Santacroce A, Salma A, Stroop R. Virtual reality-based evaluation of neurovascular conflict for the surgical planning of microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia patients. Neurosurg Rev 2021; 44:3309-3321. [PMID: 33586035 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a lightning bolt of violent, electrifying, and stinging pain, often secondary to the neurovascular conflict (NVC). The vessels involved in NVC are mostly arteries and rarely veins. Evaluation of NVC in the deep infratentorial region is inseparably connected with cranial imaging. We retrospectively analyzed the potential influence of three-dimensional (3D) virtual reality (VR) reconstructions compared to conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans on the evaluation of NVC for the surgical planning of microvascular decompression in patients with TN. METHODS Medical files were retrospectively analyzed regarding patient- and disease-related data. Preoperative MRI scans were retrospectively visualized via VR software to detect the characteristics of NVC. A questionnaire of experienced neurosurgeons evaluated the influence of VR visualization technique on identification of anatomical structures involved in NVC and on surgical strategy. RESULTS Twenty-four patients were included and 480 answer sheets were evaluated. Compared to conventional MRI, image presentation using 3D-VR modality significantly influenced the identification of the affected trigeminal nerve (p = 0.004), the vascular structure involved in the NVC (p = 0.0002), and the affected side of the trigeminal nerve (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS In patients with TN caused by NVC, the reconstruction of conventional preoperative MRI scans and the spatial and anatomical presentation in 3D-VR models offers the possibility of increased understanding of the anatomy and even more the underlying pathology, and thus influences operation planning and strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Zawy Alsofy
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany. .,Department of Neurosurgery, St. Barbara-Hospital, Academic Hospital of Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Hamm, Germany.
| | - Heinz Welzel Saravia
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Barbara-Hospital, Academic Hospital of Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Hamm, Germany
| | - Makoto Nakamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Hospital Köln-Merheim, Witten/Herdecke University, Köln, Germany
| | - Christian Ewelt
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Barbara-Hospital, Academic Hospital of Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Hamm, Germany
| | - Marc Lewitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Barbara-Hospital, Academic Hospital of Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Hamm, Germany
| | - Ioanna Sakellaropoulou
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Barbara-Hospital, Academic Hospital of Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Hamm, Germany
| | - Hraq Mourad Sarkis
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Barbara-Hospital, Academic Hospital of Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Hamm, Germany
| | - Thomas Fortmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Barbara-Hospital, Academic Hospital of Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Hamm, Germany
| | | | - Eric Suero Molina
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Antonio Santacroce
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Barbara-Hospital, Academic Hospital of Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Hamm, Germany.,Department of Neurosurgery, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Asem Salma
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Rita's Neuroscience Institute, Lima, Ohio, USA
| | - Ralf Stroop
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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15
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Sabourin V, Mazza J, Garzon T, Head J, Ye D, Stefanelli A, Al Saiegh F, Lavergne P, Evans J. Internal Neurolysis with and without Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia: Case Series. World Neurosurg 2020; 143:e70-e77. [PMID: 32673802 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Microvascular decompression (MVD) has remained the first-line surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia when an offending vessel can be identified that is causing neurovascular compression. However, patients without neurovascular compression can either develop trigeminal neuralgia or recurrence after MVD. In addition, patients with venous and less severe arterial compression have been shown to have reduced efficacy after MVD. Internal neurolysis is a surgical technique used to separate the fascicles of the trigeminal nerve and might be a good option for patients with trigeminal neuralgia but without vascular compression. METHODS A retrospective, institutional review board-approved medical record review was performed of adult patients with trigeminal neuralgia who had undergone internal neurolysis. The search resulted in 32 patients who had been treated from 2016 to 2019. The Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) pain intensity scale and hypesthesia scale (HS) were used to determine the outcomes. RESULTS The average follow-up was 20 months (range, 3-40 months). The postoperative outcomes showed a BNI pain intensity scale score of I for 50%, with excellent control in 56%, successful control in 78%, adequate control in 94%, and poor control in 6%. Significantly more patients without previous treatment had had successful pain control (95% vs. 54%). Six patients (19%) experienced pain recurrence and were significantly more likely to experience pain recurrence compared with patients without a previous procedure (39% vs. 5%). The overall BNI-HS score postoperatively was I for 28%, II for 69%, and III for 3%. CONCLUSIONS Internal neurolysis with and without MVD has shown efficacy in treating trigeminal neuralgia in carefully selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sabourin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Jacob Mazza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tomas Garzon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey Head
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Donald Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony Stefanelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fadi Al Saiegh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pascal Lavergne
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James Evans
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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16
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Liu MX, Zhong J, Xia L, Dou NN, Shi J. Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia with "Microvascular Decompression Plus" Technique. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2020; 82:e295-e299. [PMID: 34306952 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although microvascular decompression (MVD) has been widely accepted as an effective treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), some patients have not been cured. To improve the postoperative outcome, the surgical procedure should be further refined. Design This is a retrospective study. Setting Present study conducted at a cranial nerve disorder center. Participants Clinical data were collected from patients with TN who had undergone surgery in our center, including 685 who had undergone traditional MVD and 576 who had undergone the "MVD plus" procedure, in which any vessel attached to the trigeminal nerve was freed away ("nerve-combing"), which was followed by intraoperative neurolysis. Main Outcome Measures Postoperative outcomes and complications in the two groups were compared. Results Among patients who underwent traditional MVD, the rates of immediate relief and 1-year relief were 89.9 and 86.9%, respectively; among patients who underwent MVD plus group, these rates were 95.1 and 94.6%, respectively ( p = 0.05). Patients who underwent MVD plus initially exhibited a higher rate of facial numbness ( p < 0.05), but this finding decreased over time and reached the same level as that in the traditional MVD group within 3 months ( p > 0.05). Conclusion Sufficient MVD with nerve-combing for the treatment of TN may produce a high rate of cure with less recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning-Ning Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, XinHua Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanhong Shi
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Shanghai Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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17
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Nova CV, Zakrzewska JM, Baker SR, Riordain RN. Treatment Outcomes in Trigeminal Neuralgia-A Systematic Review of Domains, Dimensions and Measures. World Neurosurg X 2020; 6:100070. [PMID: 32123867 PMCID: PMC7036566 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2020.100070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a painful disorder characterized by sudden electric shock-like pain. It is a rare condition for which multiple treatments are available, including medical and surgical. The best treatment option is yet to be defined, and this is related to the lack of definition in the treatment outcomes and outcome measures. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize all the outcomes and outcomes measures that have been published to date and highlight variability in their use. METHODS We have conducted a literature search using a wide range of databases (1946-2019 for medical and 2008-2019 for surgical treatment), for all intervention studies in TN. Four hundred and sixty-seven studies were selected for data extraction on TN classification, data collection method, intervention, and treatment outcomes mapped to the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT guidelines). RESULTS Most studies collected data on pain (n = 459) and side effects (n = 386) domains; however, very few collected data on the impact of treatment on physical (n = 46) and emotional functioning (n = 17) and on patient satisfaction (n = 35). There was high variability on outcome measures used for pain relief (n = 10), pain intensity (n = 9), and frequency of pain episodes (n = 3). CONCLUSIONS A clear definition of what are the important outcomes for patients with TN is essential. The choice of standardized outcome measures allowing for consistent reporting in TN treatment will allow for comparison of studies and facilitate treatment choice for patients and clinicians thus, improving health outcomes and reducing health care cost.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah R. Baker
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Richeal Ni Riordain
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Oral Medicine, Cork University Dental School and Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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18
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Liu R, Deng Z, Zhang L, Liu Y, Wang Z, Yu Y. The Long-Term Outcomes and Predictors of Microvascular Decompression with or without Partial Sensory Rhizotomy for Trigeminal Neuralgia. J Pain Res 2020; 13:301-312. [PMID: 32104052 PMCID: PMC7014959 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s225188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Microvascular decompression (MVD) and MVD combined with partial sensory rhizotomy (PSR) are effective surgical treatments for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN). The aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of both MVD and MVD+PSR for the treatment of TN and to identify the factors that may influence the long-term outcomes after MVD or MVD+PSR. Patients and Methods From March 2009 to December 2017, 99 patients with idiopathic TN who underwent MVD or MVD+PSR in our hospital (40 MVD, 59 MVD+PSR) were included in the study. The indications for MVD+PSR were as follows: vessels only contacted the nerve root, absence of arterial conflict, or failing to completely decompress from the arteries or veins. All patients were treated by one neurosurgeon and were followed up for at least 1 year. The outcomes were assessed with the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) Pain Intensity Scale. Results The average follow-up duration was 63.0 months (range, 13.2-118.8 months). Patients in the MVD group were younger than those in the MVD+PSR group (55.1 years and 60.5 years, respectively, P=0.012). A total of 62.5% of the patients in the MVD group and 69.5% of the patients in the MVD+PSR group had favorable long-term outcomes. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed no significant difference in long-term outcomes between the two groups (P=0.202). No factors were associated with long-term outcomes after MVD. For MVD+PSR, a long duration of the disease (odds ratio (OR) 6.967, P=0.016) was associated with unfavorable long-term outcomes, whereas pure arterial compression (OR 0.131, P=0.013) was associated with favorable long-term outcomes. Conclusion For patients who are not suitable to undergo pure MVD, MVD+PSR can be used as an effective alternative. For MVD+PSR, patients with a long duration of symptoms may have poor long-term outcomes, while patients with pure arterial compression may have favorable long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiquan Liu
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhu Deng
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Yu
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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19
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Relationship Between Arterial Blood Pressure During Trigeminal Nerve Combing and Surgical Outcome in Patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia. World Neurosurg 2020; 137:e98-e105. [PMID: 31954896 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Changes in blood pressure during trigeminal combing have been discussed in recent years. In this study, a retrospective analysis of patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) requiring microvascular decompression (MVD) with nerve combing was carried out to investigate fluctuation in arterial blood pressure during trigeminal nerve combing and its surgical effect and corresponding pathogenesis. METHODS A total of 70 cases of MVD with nerve combing performed during the treatment of primary TN patients were selected between January 2017 and January 2018 at Peking University People's Hospital. The degree of pain and prognosis of the patients were evaluated according to the visual analog scale. Postoperative facial numbness of the 2 groups were assessed by the Barrow Neurological Institute facial numbness score. Arterial blood pressure changes before and while combing the trigeminal nerve during MVD were dynamically monitored, and the patients were divided into responders and nonresponders. Total adrenaline (AD), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine values were measured before and during trigeminal nerve combing. RESULTS Increased arterial blood pressure during the combing of the trigeminal nerve in MVD had a significant correlation with the prognosis of patients, with patients with higher arterial blood pressure having a better prognosis (P < 0.05). In the increased arterial blood pressure patients, precombing total AD and NE means were dramatically improved (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that changes in arterial blood pressure during trigeminal nerve combing in MVD were correlated with the prognosis of patients. Further research is necessary to clarify the mechanism of increased arterial blood pressure.
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Wang Y, Sun K, Zhang W, Zhang H, Wang C. Pain and Psychological Distress: Effect of Microvascular Decompression on Sleep Disorders and Obsessions in Trigeminal Neuralgia. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2020; 82:e285-e294. [PMID: 34306951 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-3402040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was aimed to investigate the effects of microvascular decompression (MVD) on sleep disorders and obsessions in trigeminal neuralgia. Methods Clinical data from 115 patients with trigeminal neuralgia treated with MVD from August 1, 2017 to May 31, 2018 at Jining First People's Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The preoperative and postoperative risk factors for sleep disorders and obsessions, as well as the effects of MVD on sleep disorders and obsessions, were examined. Results In 115 patients, there were significant differences in preoperative sleep disorders associated with sex, monthly household income, pain in multiple branches, visual analog scale (VAS) score, and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) score ( p < 0.05). Preoperative obsessions were significantly different according to age, gender, pain in multiple branches, monthly household income, VAS score, and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score groups ( p < 0.05). A 1-year recurrence was positively correlated with sleep disturbance (odds ratio = 3.829) and obsessions (odds ratio = 4.507). In addition, the results revealed a negative correlation between the manipulation of trigeminal neuralgia and postoperative sleep disorders ( B ≥ 1.043). Moreover, there was a significant difference in sleep disorders and obsessions before and 1 year after MVD ( p < 0.05). Conclusion For patients with trigeminal neuralgia, pain caused by sleep and obsession disorders should be examined early to identify an effective solution. Moreover, MVD, as a first treatment, is valuable for improving the physiological and psychological prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglingxi Wang
- The Clinical College of Jining Medical University, Ji-Ning City, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Sun
- Deparment of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ji Ning No.1 People's Hospital, Ji-Ning City, Shandong, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - HaiTao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ji Ning No.1 People's Hospital, Ji-Ning City, Shandong, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Hardaway FA, Gustafsson HC, Holste K, Burchiel KJ, Raslan AM. A novel scoring system as a preoperative predictor for pain-free survival after microsurgery for trigeminal neuralgia. J Neurosurg 2020; 132:217-224. [PMID: 30684937 DOI: 10.3171/2018.9.jns181208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pain relief following microvascular decompression (MVD) for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) may be related to pain type, degree of neurovascular conflict, arterial compression, and location of compression. The objective of this study was to construct a predictive pain-free scoring system based on clinical and radiographic factors that can be used to preoperatively prognosticate long-term outcomes for TN patients following surgical intervention (MVD or internal neurolysis [IN]). It was hypothesized that contributing factors would include pain type, presence of an artery or vein, neurovascular conflict severity, and compression location (root entry zone). METHODS At the authors' institution 275 patients with type 1 or type 2 TN (TN1 or TN2) underwent MVD or IN following preoperative high-resolution brain MRI studies. Outcome data were obtained retrospectively by chart review and/or phone follow-up. Characteristics of neurovascular conflict were obtained from preoperative MRI studies. Factors that resulted in a probability value of < 0.05 on univariate logistic regression analyses were entered into a multivariate Cox regression analysis in a backward stepwise fashion. For the multivariate analysis, significance at the 0.15 level was used. A prognostic system was then devised with 4 possible scores (0, 1, 2, or 3) and pain-free survival analyses conducted. RESULTS Univariate predictors of pain-free survival were pain type (p = 0.013), presence of any vessel (p = 0.042), and neurovascular compression severity (p = 0.038). Scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3 were found to be significantly different in regard to pain-free survival (log rank, p = 0.005). At 5 and 10 years there were 36%, 43%, 61%, and 69%, and 36%, 43%, 56%, and 67% pain-free survival rates in groups 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. While TN2 patients had worse outcomes regardless of score, a subgroup analysis of TN1 patients with higher neurovascular conflict (score of 3) had significantly better outcomes than TN1 patients without severe neurovascular conflict (score of 1) (log rank, p = 0.005). Regardless of pain type, those patients with severe neurovascular conflict were more likely to have arterial compression (99%) compared to those with low neurovascular conflict (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Pain-free survival was predicted by a scoring system based on preoperative clinical and radiographic findings. Higher scores predicted significantly better pain relief than lower scores. TN1 patients with severe neurovascular conflict had the best long-term pain-free outcome.
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22
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Guo H, Song G, Wang X, Bao Y. Surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with no neurovascular compression: A retrospective study and literature review. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 58:42-48. [PMID: 30454694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study is to summarize the experiences of 360-degree circumferential arachnoid dissection for TN in patients without NVC. Clinical data from 19 TN patients without NVC who underwent 360-degree circumferential arachnoid dissection were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent preoperative examinations of three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (3D-TOF-MRA) and three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance of constructive interference in steady state (3D-CISS) to identify the neurovascular structures around the trigeminal nerve. Surgical outcomes were evaluated based on the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) Pain Intensity Scale, and severity of pain was determined using the visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Preoperative imaging showed that no patients had NVC compression. The preoperative BNI pain score was IV among 9 patients and V among other 10 patients. The preoperative VAS score was 7.89 ± 0.658. After the operation, pain disappeared in all 19 patients, and transient facial numbness occurred in 3 patients. During follow-up, pain in 2 of 19 patients (10.5%) recurred at postoperative 20 and 23 months. This study demonstrated that 360-degree circumferential arachnoid dissection is an alternative treatment for trigeminal neuralgia in patients with no neurovascular compression, especially when a thickened arachnoid, angulation, or torsion of the trigeminal nerve root was found during the operation. However, further study is needed to compare the outcomes of different surgical strategies and prove the efficacy of 360-degree circumferential arachnoid dissection in cases without neurovascular compression (NVC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchuan Guo
- Department of Skull Base Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery, XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Gang Song
- Department of Skull Base Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery, XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Skull Base Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery, XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhai Bao
- Department of Skull Base Surgery Center, Department of Neurosurgery, XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Leidinger A, Muñoz-Hernandez F, Molet-Teixidó J. Absence of neurovascular conflict during microvascular decompression while treating essential trigeminal neuralgia. How to proceed? Systematic review of literature. Neurocirugia (Astur) 2018; 29:131-137. [PMID: 29571561 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucir.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurovascular conflict is the most accepted hypothesis for the cause for trigeminal neuralgia. Microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve is the most common surgical treatment for these patients. However, despite advances in diagnostic techniques, neurovascular conflict is sometimes not detected during surgery. The aim of this paper is to systematically review all the options available to best manage this scenario. RESULTS Several techniques that could be used during microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia in the absence of neurovascular conflict have been described. The success rates of these techniques, pain recurrence rates and rates of complications are also reported. Finally, we provide suggestions based on our experience. CONCLUSIONS There is no gold standard, but several techniques could be successfully used in the absence of neurovascular conflict. The use of destructive techniques, such as PSR, should be held as treatments of last resort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Leidinger
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España.
| | | | - Joan Molet-Teixidó
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
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Feller L, Khammissa RAG, Fourie J, Bouckaert M, Lemmer J. Postherpetic Neuralgia and Trigeminal Neuralgia. PAIN RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2017; 2017:1681765. [PMID: 29359044 PMCID: PMC5735631 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1681765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is an unpredictable complication of varicella zoster virus- (VZV-) induced herpes zoster (HZ) which often occurs in elderly and immunocompromised persons and which can induce psychosocial dysfunction and can negatively impact on quality of life. Preventive options for PHN include vaccination of high-risk persons against HZ, early use of antiviral agents, and robust management of pain during the early stage of acute herpes zoster. If it does occur, PHN may persist for months or even years after resolution of the HZ mucocutaneous eruptions, and treatment is often only partially effective. Classical trigeminal neuralgia is a severe orofacial neuropathic pain condition characterized by unilateral, brief but recurrent, lancinating paroxysmal pain confined to the distribution of one or more of the branches of the trigeminal nerve. It may be idiopathic or causally associated with vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve root. The anticonvulsive agents, carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine, constitute the first-line treatment. Microvascular decompression or ablative procedures should be considered when pharmacotherapy is ineffective or intolerable. The aim of this short review is briefly to discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment of PHN and classical trigeminal neuralgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Feller
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - R. A. G. Khammissa
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J. Fourie
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M. Bouckaert
- Department of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Sefako Makgatho University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J. Lemmer
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
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Ishikawa M, Soma N, Kojima A, Naritaka H. Straightening the trigeminal nerve axis by complete dissection of arachnoidal adhesion and its neuroendoscopic confirmation for trigeminal neuralgia without neurovascular compression. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Zhang X, Xu L, Zhao H, Tang YD, Zhu J, Yuan Y, Zhou P, Li ST. Long-Term Efficacy of Nerve Combing for Patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia and Failed Prior Microvascular Decompression. World Neurosurg 2017; 108:711-715. [PMID: 28943423 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.09.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular decompression (MVD) of the trigeminal nerve is the most effective treatment for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, many patients respond poorly to initial MVD. For these patients, redo MVD is commonly done. There has been no research regarding the effectiveness of nerve combing (NC) plus MVD in patients with TN and failed prior MVD. We compared the clinical outcome of NC plus MVD and simple redo MVD in patients with TN and failed prior MVD. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 148 patients with recurrent or persistent TN symptoms who underwent surgery between January 2007 and December 2015. Simple MVD was performed in 62 patients, and NC plus MVD was performed in 86 patients. RESULTS For simple MVD, success rates at 1 day, 7 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year after surgery all were approximately 80%. Success rates of NC plus MVD were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than success rates of simple MVD, by 17.02%, 18.64%, 16.47%, 17.21%, and 14.80% at 1 day, 7 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year. The incidence rates of facial numbness in the simple MVD group were 48.39%, 45.16%, 36.67%, 16.95%, and 1.75% at 1 day, 7 days, 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year; the incidence rates in the NC plus MVD group were 60.47%, 55.81%, 48.24%, 21.69%, and 3.75% (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In patients with TN who failed prior MVD, NC plus MVD significantly improved the success rate of the operation compared with simple redo MVD. We obtained good short-term and long-term surgical outcomes with NC combined with MVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cranial Nerve Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Guizhou, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cranial Nerve Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin-Da Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cranial Nerve Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cranial Nerve Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cranial Nerve Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cranial Nerve Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Ting Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cranial Nerve Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Liang X, Dong X, Zhao S, Ying X, Du Y, Yu W. A retrospective study of neurocombing for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia without neurovascular compression. Ir J Med Sci 2017; 186:1033-1039. [PMID: 28063126 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-016-1547-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular decompression (MVD) is the most effective and non-ablative treatment for trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, it is not possible when neurovascular compression (NVC) is absent. Neurocombing is a possible treatment option for TN patients without NVC. AIM To evaluate and describe the clinical outcome of neurocombing for the treatment of TN when NVC was absent. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of the 37 patients of Type 1 TN without NVC who underwent neurocombing in our department between January 2013 and November 2014. The Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) Pain Intensity scale, the numerical rating scale (NRS) and the quality of life scale (QOL) were evaluated in four stages-presurgical, immediate, at 1 and at 3 years. Pain recurrence was statistically evaluated with Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS All the 37 enrolled patients were proved to have no NVC by imaging or exploration in surgery. The mean follow-up duration was 29.50 months. After the procedure, 35 patients (94.6%) experienced immediate pain relief (BNI I) and 2 patients (5.4%) had occasional pain without any medication (BNI II). At 1 year and 3 years, the rates of successful pain relief (BNI I&II) were 86.5 and 83.3%, respectively. 34 patients (91.9%) suffered from mild facial numbness, while it did not exert a harmful impact on their quality of life. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that neurocombing is an attractive, effective, safe and durable treatment option for TN when NVC is absent. Further study is needed to explain the complicated and exact mechanism of pain relief by neurocombing.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liang
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 261 Huan Sha Road, Shang Cheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China.,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bin Wen Road, Bin Jiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China.,The Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 54 You Dian Road, Shang Cheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - X Dong
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 261 Huan Sha Road, Shang Cheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - S Zhao
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 261 Huan Sha Road, Shang Cheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China.,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bin Wen Road, Bin Jiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - X Ying
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 261 Huan Sha Road, Shang Cheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China.,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Bin Wen Road, Bin Jiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Y Du
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 261 Huan Sha Road, Shang Cheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - W Yu
- The Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, 261 Huan Sha Road, Shang Cheng District, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Abstract
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a sudden, severe, brief, stabbing, and recurrent pain within one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. Type 1 as intermittent and Type 2 as constant pain represent distinct clinical, pathological, and prognostic entities. Although multiple mechanism involving peripheral pathologies at root (compression or traction), and dysfunctions of brain stem, basal ganglion, and cortical pain modulatory mechanisms could have role, neurovascular conflict is the most accepted theory. Diagnosis is essentially clinically; magnetic resonance imaging is useful to rule out secondary causes, detect pathological changes in affected root and neurovascular compression (NVC). Carbamazepine is the drug of choice; oxcarbazepine, baclofen, lamotrigine, phenytoin, and topiramate are also useful. Multidrug regimens and multidisciplinary approaches are useful in selected patients. Microvascular decompression is surgical treatment of choice in TN resistant to medical management. Patients with significant medical comorbidities, without NVC and multiple sclerosis are generally recommended to undergo gamma knife radiosurgery, percutaneous balloon compression, glycerol rhizotomy, and radiofrequency thermocoagulation procedures. Partial sensory root sectioning is indicated in negative vessel explorations during surgery and large intraneural vein. Endoscopic technique can be used alone for vascular decompression or as an adjuvant to microscope. It allows better visualization of vascular conflict and entire root from pons to ganglion including ventral aspect. The effectiveness and completeness of decompression can be assessed and new vascular conflicts that may be missed by microscope can be identified. It requires less brain retraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yad Ram Yadav
- Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Yadav Nishtha
- Department of Radio Diagnosis and Imaging, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India
| | - Pande Sonjjay
- Department of Radio Diagnosis and Imaging, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Parihar Vijay
- Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ratre Shailendra
- Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Khare Yatin
- Department of Neurosurgery, NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Zhou X, Liu Y, Yue Z, Luan D, Zhang H, Han J. Comparison of nerve combing and percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation in the treatment for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 82:574-9. [PMID: 26832635 PMCID: PMC9444671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (ITN) is a common pain disease in elderly people. Many methods have been used to alleviate the pain of patients, but few studies in the literature have compared the effect of nerve combing and percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation. Objective The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate the clinical outcome of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia after nerve combing (NC) and compare them with those obtained using percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RF). Methods The study included 105 idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia patients with similar symptom, age and underlying disease, which were divided into two groups. One group was treated by nerve combing (50 patients), the other by RF (55 cases). All patients were considered medical failures prior to the surgeries. A questionnaire was used to assess the long-term outcomes: pain relief, recurrence, complication and need for additional treatment. Results The median duration of follow-up in both groups was 90 months. Satisfactory relief was noted in 41 patients (82%), 5 patients (10%) initially experienced pain relief, then recurred, and four patients (8%) were designated poor among the group NC. In the group RF, satisfactory relief was noted in 42 patients (76.4%). There were eight “pain free with recurrence patients (14.5%) and 5 poor cases (9.1%). No statistically significant differences existed in the outcomes between both groups (p > 0.05). Postoperative morbidity included dysesthesia, diplopia, partial facial nerve palsy, hearing loss, tinnitus, cerebrospinal fluid leak, meningitis and mortality. Conclusion Nerve combing and RF are both satisfactory treatment strategies for patients with ITN. Because of the higher risk of sensory morbidity and surgical risk as open surgery, RF is preferred as the recommended procedure for patients with ITN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanchen Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jinan, China
| | - Yiqing Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyong Yue
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jinan, China
| | - Deheng Luan
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Department of Care Gastroenterology, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Han
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jinan, China.
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Ko AL, Ozpinar A, Lee A, Raslan AM, McCartney S, Burchiel KJ. Long-term efficacy and safety of internal neurolysis for trigeminal neuralgia without neurovascular compression. J Neurosurg 2015; 122:1048-57. [PMID: 25679283 DOI: 10.3171/2014.12.jns14469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) occurs and recurs in the absence of neurovascular compression (NVC). While microvascular decompression (MVD) is the most effective treatment for TN, it is not possible when NVC is not present. Therefore, the authors sought to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and durability of internal neurolysis (IN), or "nerve combing," as a treatment for TN without NVC. METHODS This was a retrospective review of all cases of Type 1 TN involving all patients 18 years of age or older who underwent evaluation (and surgery when appropriate) at Oregon Health & Science University between July 2006 and February 2013. Chart reviews and telephone interviews were conducted to assess patient outcomes. Pain intensity was evaluated with the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) Pain Intensity scale, and the Brief Pain Inventory-Facial (BPI-Facial) was used to assess general and face-specific activity. Pain-free survival and durability of successful pain relief (BNI pain scores of 1 or 2) were statistically evaluated with Kaplan-Meier analysis. Prognostic factors were identified and analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS A total of 177 patients with Type 1 TN were identified. A subgroup of 27 was found to have no NVC on high-resolution MRI/MR angiography or at surgery. These patients were significantly younger than patients with classic Type 1 TN. Long-term follow-up was available for 26 of 27 patients, and 23 responded to the telephone survey. The median follow-up duration was 43.4 months. Immediate postoperative results were comparable to MVD, with 85% of patients pain free and 96% of patients with successful pain relief. At 1 year and 5 years, the rate of pain-free survival was 58% and 47%, respectively. Successful pain relief at those intervals was maintained in 77% and 72% of patients. Almost all patients experienced some degree of numbness or hypesthesia (96%), but in patients with successful pain relief, this numbness did not significantly impact their quality of life. There was 1 patient with a CSF leak and 1 patient with anesthesia dolorosa. Previous treatment for TN was identified as a poor prognostic factor for successful outcome. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of IN with meaningful outcomes data. This study demonstrated that IN is a safe, effective, and durable treatment for TN in the absence of NVC. Pain-free outcomes with IN appeared to be more durable than radiofrequency gangliolysis, and IN appears to be more effective than stereotactic radiosurgery, 2 alternatives to posterior fossa exploration in cases of TN without NVC. Given the younger age distribution of patients in this group, consideration should be given to performing IN as an initial treatment. Accrual of further outcomes data is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Ko
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
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Cheng J, Lei D, Zhang H, Mao K. Trigeminal root compression for trigeminal neuralgia in patients with no vascular compression. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2015; 157:323-7. [PMID: 25572631 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-014-2300-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) may be present in the absence of vascular compressiom, and surgical treatment in these cases is controversial. Our objective is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of trigeminal root compression in this situation. METHODS A prospective collection of clinical data on all patients diagnosed with idiopathic TN in our institution. Cases with no visible offending vessel intraoperatively were included in this study. These patients underwent trigeminal root compression and long-term follow-up. The basic characteristics and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS From February 2005 to November 2010, 381 patients underwent microvascular decompression for TN at our department. Among them, 28(7.3 %) patients (17 female, 11 male) had no visible vascular compression intraoperatively. The median observation period was 46 months (range, 8-60 months). Twenty patients (71.4 %) achieved complete pain relief without medication immediately postoperatively. However, the recurrence rate was 38.4 %, and only 13 patients (46.4 %) achieved complete pain relief without medication at follow-up. Ten patients (35.7 %) developed some degree of facial numbness, which was transient in six cases (21.4 %) and permanent in four (14.3 %). CONCLUSIONS Although trigeminal root compression provides good initial pain relief, the long-term efficacy, complication and recurrence rates are far from satisfactory. Further studies are needed to explore the possible mechanisms of underlying pain and to compare the outcomes of various types of interventions in cases without vascular compression.
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