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Bahadir S, Narin F, Başar I, Hanalioğlu Ş, Bilginer B, Akalan N. The effect of pentoxifylline on cerebral vasospasm following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:909-913. [PMID: 32324426 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1760268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTS Cerebral vasospasm is an important event that occurs following subarachnoid hemorage which has significant mortality and morbidity. The goal in this study was to investigate the effect of pentoxifylline on vasospasm in an experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage model. METHODS In this study, 20 male New Zeland White rabbits weighing 3000-3500 g were assigned randomly to four groups. Animals in group 1 served as controls. Animals in group two received only intravenous pentoxifylline injection 3 times in 12 h intervals. In group 3, SAH was induced and no injection was given. Animals in group 4 received intravenous pentoxifylline (6 mg/kg) injections 3 times at 12th, 24th and 36th hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage induction. All animals were sacrificed and basilar arteries were removed at 48th hour. Basilar artery vessel diameters, wall thicknesses and luminal section areas were measured with Spot for Windows version 4.1. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Kruskall-Wallis tests. RESULTS Mean basilar artery luminal section areas and luminal diameters in group 4 were significantly higher compared to group 3 (p < 0.05). Basilar artery wall thicknesses and were found to be higher in group 3 than in other groups and this was also statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that intravenous administration of pentoxifylline significantly decreases vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Bahadir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Firat Narin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Başar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şahin Hanalioğlu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burçak Bilginer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nejat Akalan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Ghali MGZ, Srinivasan VM, Johnson J, Kan P, Britz G. Therapeutically Targeting Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-Mediated Signaling Underlying the Pathogenesis of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Related Vasospasm. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:2289-2295. [PMID: 30037648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vasospasm accounts for a large fraction of the morbidity and mortality burden in patients sustaining subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-β levels rise following SAH and correlate with incidence and severity of vasospasm. METHODS The literature was reviewed for studies investigating the role of PDGF in the pathogenesis of SAH-related vasospasm and efficacy of pharmacological interventions targeting the PDGF pathway in ameliorating the same and improving clinical outcomes. RESULTS Release of blood under high pressure into the subarachnoid space activates the complement cascade, which results in release of PDGF. Abluminal contact of blood with cerebral vessels increases their contractile response to PDGF-β and thrombin, with the latter upregulating PDGF-β receptors and augmenting effects of PDGF-β. PDGF-β figures prominently in the early and late phases of post-SAH vasospasm. PDGF-β binding to the PDGF receptor-β results in receptor tyrosine kinase domain activation and consequent stimulation of intracellular signaling pathways, including p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, Rho-associated protein kinase, and extracellular regulated kinase 1 and 2. Consequent increases in intracellular calcium and increased expression of genes mediating cellular growth and proliferation mediate PDGF-induced augmentation of vascular smooth muscle cell contractility, hypertrophy, and proliferation. CONCLUSION Treatments with statins, serine protease inhibitors, and small molecular pathway inhibitors have demonstrated varying degrees of efficacy in prevention of cerebral vasospasm, which is improved with earlier institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael George Zaki Ghali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.
| | | | - Jeremiah Johnson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter Kan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Gavin Britz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
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Wu J, Zhang Y, Yang P, Enkhjargal B, Manaenko A, Tang J, Pearce WJ, Hartman R, Obenaus A, Chen G, Zhang JH. Recombinant Osteopontin Stabilizes Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype via Integrin Receptor/Integrin-Linked Kinase/Rac-1 Pathway After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats. Stroke 2016; 47:1319-27. [PMID: 27006454 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.011552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recombinant osteopontin (rOPN) has been reported to be neuroprotective in stroke animal models. The purpose of this study is to investigate a potential role and mechanism of nasal administration of rOPN on preserving the vascular smooth muscle phenotype in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS One hundred and ninety-two male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The SAH model was induced by endovascular perforation. Integrin-linked kinase small interfering RNA was intracerebroventricularly injected 48 hours before SAH. The integrin receptor antagonist fibronectin-derived peptide Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro (GRGDSP), focal adhesion kinase inhibitor Fib-14, and Rac-1 inhibitor NSC23766 were administered 1 hour before SAH induction. rOPN was administered via the intracerebroventricular and nasal route after SAH. SAH grade, neurological scores, brain water content, brain swelling, hematoxylin and eosin staining, India ink angiography, Western blots, and immunofluorescence were used to study the mechanisms of rOPN on the vascular smooth muscle phenotypic transformation. RESULTS The marker proteins of vascular smooth muscle phenotypic transformation α-smooth muscle actin decreased and embryonic smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMemb) increased significantly at 24 and 72 hours in the cerebral arteries after SAH. rOPN prevented the changes of α-smooth muscle actin and SMemb and significantly alleviated neurobehavioral dysfunction, increased the cross-sectional area and the lumen diameter of the cerebral arteries, reduced the brain water content and brain swelling, and improved the wall thickness of cerebral arteries. These effects of rOPN were abolished by GRGDSP, integrin-linked kinase small interfering RNA, and NSC23766. Intranasal application of rOPN at 3 hours after SAH also reduced neurological deficits. CONCLUSIONS rOPN prevented the vascular smooth muscle phenotypic transformation and improved the neurological outcome, which was possibly mediated by the integrin receptor/integrin-linked kinase/Rac-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wu
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.W., G.C.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Department of Physiology (J.W., Y.Z., P.Y., B.E., A.M., J.T., W.J.P., R.H., A.O., J.H.Z.), School of Behavioral Science (R.H.), Department of Pediatrics (A.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Yang Zhang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.W., G.C.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Department of Physiology (J.W., Y.Z., P.Y., B.E., A.M., J.T., W.J.P., R.H., A.O., J.H.Z.), School of Behavioral Science (R.H.), Department of Pediatrics (A.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Peng Yang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.W., G.C.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Department of Physiology (J.W., Y.Z., P.Y., B.E., A.M., J.T., W.J.P., R.H., A.O., J.H.Z.), School of Behavioral Science (R.H.), Department of Pediatrics (A.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Budbazar Enkhjargal
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.W., G.C.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Department of Physiology (J.W., Y.Z., P.Y., B.E., A.M., J.T., W.J.P., R.H., A.O., J.H.Z.), School of Behavioral Science (R.H.), Department of Pediatrics (A.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Anatol Manaenko
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.W., G.C.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Department of Physiology (J.W., Y.Z., P.Y., B.E., A.M., J.T., W.J.P., R.H., A.O., J.H.Z.), School of Behavioral Science (R.H.), Department of Pediatrics (A.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Jiping Tang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.W., G.C.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Department of Physiology (J.W., Y.Z., P.Y., B.E., A.M., J.T., W.J.P., R.H., A.O., J.H.Z.), School of Behavioral Science (R.H.), Department of Pediatrics (A.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - William J Pearce
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.W., G.C.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Department of Physiology (J.W., Y.Z., P.Y., B.E., A.M., J.T., W.J.P., R.H., A.O., J.H.Z.), School of Behavioral Science (R.H.), Department of Pediatrics (A.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Richard Hartman
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.W., G.C.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Department of Physiology (J.W., Y.Z., P.Y., B.E., A.M., J.T., W.J.P., R.H., A.O., J.H.Z.), School of Behavioral Science (R.H.), Department of Pediatrics (A.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.W., G.C.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Department of Physiology (J.W., Y.Z., P.Y., B.E., A.M., J.T., W.J.P., R.H., A.O., J.H.Z.), School of Behavioral Science (R.H.), Department of Pediatrics (A.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University, CA
| | - Gang Chen
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.W., G.C.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Department of Physiology (J.W., Y.Z., P.Y., B.E., A.M., J.T., W.J.P., R.H., A.O., J.H.Z.), School of Behavioral Science (R.H.), Department of Pediatrics (A.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University, CA.
| | - John H Zhang
- From the Department of Neurosurgery (J.W., G.C.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; and Department of Physiology (J.W., Y.Z., P.Y., B.E., A.M., J.T., W.J.P., R.H., A.O., J.H.Z.), School of Behavioral Science (R.H.), Department of Pediatrics (A.O.), and Department of Anesthesiology (J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University, CA.
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Leitzke AS, Rolland WB, Krafft PR, Lekic T, Klebe D, Flores JJ, Van Allen NR, Applegate RL, Zhang JH. Isoflurane post-treatment ameliorates GMH-induced brain injury in neonatal rats. Stroke 2013; 44:3587-90. [PMID: 24149004 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.113.001988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study investigated whether isoflurane ameliorates neurological sequelae after germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) through activation of the cytoprotective sphingosine kinase/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor/Akt pathway. METHODS GMH was induced in P7 rat pups by intraparenchymal infusion of bacterial collagenase (0.3 U) into the right hemispheric germinal matrix. GMH animals received 2% isoflurane either once 1 hour after surgery or every 12 hours for 3 days. Isoflurane treatment was then combined with sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1/2 antagonist VPC23019 or sphingosine kinase 1/2 antagonist N,N-dimethylsphingosine. RESULTS Brain protein expression of sphingosine kinase-1 and phosphorylated Akt were significantly increased after isoflurane post-treatment, and cleaved caspase-3 was decreased at 24 hours after surgery, which was reversed by the antagonists. Isoflurane significantly reduced posthemorrhagic ventricular dilation and improved motor, but not cognitive, functions in GMH animals 3 weeks after surgery; no improvements were observed after VPC23019 administration. CONCLUSIONS Isoflurane post-treatment improved the neurological sequelae after GMH possibly by activation of the sphingosine kinase/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S Leitzke
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.S.L., W.B.R., P.R.K., T.L., D.K., J.J.F., N.R.V.A., J.H.Z.), and Department of Anesthesiology (A.S.L., R.L.A., J.H.Z.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA
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