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Harel E, Cossu G, Daniel RT, Messerer M. Relationship with the diaphragm to predict the surgical outcome in large and giant pituitary adenomas. Front Surg 2022; 9:962709. [PMID: 36211275 PMCID: PMC9534030 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.962709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Large and giant pituitary adenomas (L- and G-PAs) continue to remain a surgical challenge. The diaphragm may have a role in determining the shape of the tumor and therefore influencing the extent of resection. Our study aims to analyze our surgical series of L- and G-PAs according to their relationship with the diaphragm and invasion of cavernous sinus (CS). Material and methods We performed a retrospective analysis of our surgical series of patients operated for L- and G-PAs. We categorized the tumors into four grades according to their relationship with the diaphragm: grade 1 (supradiaphragmatic component with a wide incompetent diaphragm), grade 2 (purely infra-diaphragmatic tumor with a competent diaphragm), grade 3 (dumbbell-shape tumors), and grade 4 (multilobulated tumor with invasion of the subarachnoid space). Results A total of 37 patients were included in our analysis. According to our classification, 43.3% of patients had grade 1 tumors, 27% had grade 2, 5.4% had grade 3, and 24.3% had grade 4 tumors. CS invasion was confirmed intraoperatively in 17 out of 37 patients (46%). The gross total resection (GTR) was obtained in 19% of the cases, near-total resection in 46%, and subtotal resection in 35%. All the patients who achieved GTR had grade 1 tumors and the lowest rate of CS invasion (p < 0.01). Conclusion Radiological evaluation of the tumor relationship with the diaphragm, invasion of CS, and invasion of the subarachnoid space are crucial to plan the surgical strategy and maximize the possibilities of achieving GTR in L- and G-PAs.
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Cossu G, Jouanneau E, Cavallo LM, Froelich S, Starnoni D, Giammattei L, Harel E, Mazzatenta D, Bruneau M, Meling TR, Berhouma M, Chacko AG, Cornelius JF, Paraskevopoulos D, Schroeder HW, Zazpe I, Manet R, Gardner PA, Dufour H, Cappabianca P, Daniel RT, Messerer M. Surgical management of giant pituitary neuroendocrine tumors: Meta-analysis and consensus statement on behalf of the EANS skull base section. BRAIN AND SPINE 2022; 2:100878. [PMID: 36248137 PMCID: PMC9560664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bas.2022.100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The optimal surgical treatment for giant pituitary neuroendocrine tumors(GPitNETs) is debated. Research question The aim of this paper is to optimize the surgical management of these patients and to provide a consensus statement on behalf of the EANS Skull Base Section. Material and methods We constituted a task force belonging to the EANS skull base committee to define some principles for the management of GPitNETs. A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines to perform a meta-analysis on surgical series of GPitNETs. Weighted summary rates were obtained for the pooled extent of resection and according to the surgical technique. These data were discussed to obtain recommendations after evaluation of the selected articles and discussion among the experts. Results 20articles were included in our meta-analysis, for a total of 1263 patients. The endoscopic endonasal technique was used in 40.3% of cases, the microscopic endonasal approach in 34% of cases, transcranial approaches in 18.7% and combined approaches in 7% of cases. No difference in terms of gross total resection (GTR) rate was observed among the different techniques. Pooled GTR rate was 36.6%, while a near total resection (NTR) was possible in 45.2% of cases. Cavernous sinus invasion was associated with a lower GTR rate (OR: 0.061). After surgery, 35% of patients had endocrinological improvement and 75.6% had visual improvement. Recurrent tumors were reported in 10% of cases Discussion and conclusion After formal discussion in the working group, we recommend the treatment of G-PitNETs tumors with a more complex and multilobular structure in tertiary care centers. The endoscopic endonasal approach is the first option of treatment and extended approaches should be planned according to extension, morphology and consistency of the lesion. Transcranial approaches play a role in selected cases, with a multicompartmental morphology, subarachnoid invasion and extension lateral to the internal carotid artery and in the management of residual tumor apoplexy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cossu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Jouanneau
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France
| | - Luigi M. Cavallo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Starnoni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Giammattei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ethan Harel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diego Mazzatenta
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Micheal Bruneau
- Department of Neurosurgery, UZ Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Moncef Berhouma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France
| | - Ari G. Chacko
- Department of Neurological Science, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jan F. Cornelius
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Paraskevopoulos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London Hospital, London, UK
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | | | - Idoya Zazpe
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Romain Manet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Lyon, France
| | - Paul A. Gardner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Henry Dufour
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hopital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Paolo Cappabianca
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Roy T. Daniel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mahmoud Messerer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. Department of Neurosurgery Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 44 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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