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Nameni G, Jazayeri S, Fatahi S, Jamshidi S, Zaroudi M. Soluble receptor of advanced glycation end product as a biomarker in neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis of controlled studies. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14232. [PMID: 38700073 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Currently, there is a significant focus on the decrease of soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders. sRAGE plays a decoy role against the inflammatory response of advanced glycation end products (AGE), which has led to increased interest in its role in these disorders. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the significant differences in sRAGE levels between neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders compared to control groups. METHOD A systematic review was conducted using the PUBMED, Scopus and Embase databases up to October 2023. Two reviewers assessed agreement for selecting papers based on titles and abstracts, with kappa used to measure agreement and finally publications were scanned according to controlled studies. Effect sizes were calculated as weighted mean differences (WMD) and pooled using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2, followed by subgroup analysis and meta-regression tests. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. RESULTS In total, 16 studies were included in the present meta-analysis. Subjects with neurocognitive (n = 1444) and neuropsychiatric (n = 444) disorders had lower sRAGE levels in case-control (WMD: -0.21, 95% CI: -0.33, -0.10; p <.001) and cross-sectional (WMD: -0.29, 95% CI = -0.44, -0.13, p <.001) studies with high heterogeneity and no publication bias. In subgroup analysis, subjects with cognitive impairment (WMD: -0.87, 95% CI: -1.61, -0.13, p =.000), and age >50 years (WMD: -0.39, 95% CI: -0.74, -0.05, p =.000), had lower sRAGE levels in case-control studies. Also, dementia patients (WMD: -0.41, 95% CI: -0.72, -0.10, p =.014) with age >50 years (WMD: -0.33, 95% CI: -0.54, -0.13, p = 0.000) and in Asian countries (WMD: -0.28, 95% CI: -0.42, -0.13, p =.141) had lower sRAGE levels in cross-sectional studies. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in sRAGE in neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders particularly in Asians and moderate age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Nameni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Jazayeri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somaye Fatahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Jamshidi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marsa Zaroudi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health Branch, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mohammadi H, Ariaei A, Ghobadi Z, Gorgich EAC, Rustamzadeh A. Which neuroimaging and fluid biomarkers method is better in theranostic of Alzheimer's disease? An umbrella review. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:403-417. [PMID: 38497046 PMCID: PMC10940808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers are measured to evaluate physiological and pathological processes as well as responses to a therapeutic intervention. Biomarkers can be classified as diagnostic, prognostic, predictor, clinical, and therapeutic. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple biomarkers have been reported so far. Nevertheless, finding a specific biomarker in AD remains a major challenge. Three databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were selected with the keywords of Alzheimer's disease, neuroimaging, biomarker, and blood. The results were finalized with 49 potential CSF/blood and 35 neuroimaging biomarkers. To distinguish normal from AD patients, amyloid-beta42 (Aβ42), plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NFL) as potential biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as well as the serum could be detected. Nevertheless, most of the biomarkers fairly change in the CSF during AD, listed as kallikrein 6, virus-like particles (VLP-1), galectin-3 (Gal-3), and synaptotagmin-1 (Syt-1). From the neuroimaging aspect, atrophy is an accepted biomarker for the neuropathologic progression of AD. In addition, Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), tractography (DTT), positron emission tomography (PET), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), can be used to detect AD. Using neuroimaging and CSF/blood biomarkers, in combination with artificial intelligence, it is possible to obtain information on prognosis and follow-up on the different stages of AD. Hence physicians could select the suitable therapy to attenuate disease symptoms and follow up on the efficiency of the prescribed drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mohammadi
- Department of Bioimaging, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (MUI), Isfahan, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Armin Ariaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zahra Ghobadi
- Advanced Medical Imaging Ward, Pars Darman Medical Imaging Center, Karaj, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Enam Alhagh Charkhat Gorgich
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Auob Rustamzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Chadwick W, Maudsley S, Hull W, Havolli E, Boshoff E, Hill MDW, Goetghebeur PJD, Harrison DC, Nizami S, Bedford DC, Coope G, Real K, Thiemermann C, Maycox P, Carlton M, Cole SL. The oDGal Mouse: A Novel, Physiologically Relevant Rodent Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086953. [PMID: 37108119 PMCID: PMC10138655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) represents a serious and growing worldwide economic and healthcare burden. Almost 95% of current AD patients are associated with sAD as opposed to patients presenting with well-characterized genetic mutations that lead to AD predisposition, i.e., familial AD (fAD). Presently, the use of transgenic (Tg) animals overexpressing human versions of these causative fAD genes represents the dominant research model for AD therapeutic development. As significant differences in etiology exist between sAD and fAD, it is perhaps more appropriate to develop novel, more sAD-reminiscent experimental models that would expedite the discovery of effective therapies for the majority of AD patients. Here we present the oDGal mouse model, a novel model of sAD that displays a range of AD-like pathologies as well as multiple cognitive deficits reminiscent of AD symptomology. Hippocampal cognitive impairment and pathology were delayed with N-acetyl-cysteine (NaC) treatment, which strongly suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the drivers of downstream pathologies such as elevated amyloid beta and hyperphosphorylated tau. These features demonstrate a desired pathophenotype that distinguishes our model from current transgenic rodent AD models. A preclinical model that presents a phenotype of non-genetic AD-like pathologies and cognitive deficits would benefit the sAD field, particularly when translating therapeutics from the preclinical to the clinical phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Chadwick
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - William Hull
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Enes Havolli
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Eugene Boshoff
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Mark D W Hill
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | | | - David C Harrison
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Sohaib Nizami
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - David C Bedford
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Gareth Coope
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Katia Real
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Christoph Thiemermann
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Peter Maycox
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Mark Carlton
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
| | - Sarah L Cole
- Takeda Cambridge, 418 Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge CB4 0PZ, UK
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Gao L, Dang L, Wei S, Hu N, Gao F, Peng W, Shang S, Zhao Y, Chen C, Guo X, Huo K, Wang J, Wang J, Qu Q. Peripheral Transport Proteins Were Associated with 4-Year Cognitive Decline in APOE ɛ4 Non-Carriers: A Longitudinal, Population-Based Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:801-812. [PMID: 35124644 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (sLRP1) and soluble receptor of advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) play major roles in peripheral clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ). OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between baseline sLRP1/sRAGE and early cognitive decline in a longitudinal study and explore the possible effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE) on their association. METHODS Cognitively normal subjects were followed-up for 4 years. The baseline plasma levels of sLRP1 and sRAGE were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Global cognition was evaluated by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and cognitive decline was defined as a ≥2-point decrease of MMSE after 4 years. The association between baseline sLRP1/sRAGE and 4-year cognitive decline were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Interaction analysis was performed to discover the potential effect of APOE genotype on the relationship. RESULTS 769 participants were included in the final analysis, with 122 subjects (15.86%) were cognitive decline. Baseline sLRP1/sRAGE levels were not associated with 4-year cognitive decline after multivariable adjustments in the total cohort. However, there was significant interaction effect between sRAGE and APOE genotype on cognitive decline (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-3.86, p = 0.019). Lower levels of sRAGE were associated with increased risk of cognitive decline among APOE ɛ4 non-carriers (adjusted OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.04-2.48, p = 0.034). CONCLUSION Individuals with lower levels of sRAGE had an increased risk of 4-year cognitive decline in APOE ɛ4 non-carriers, indicating that the association between sRAGE and cognitive decline might depend on the APOE genotype. However, the specific mechanisms need to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liangjun Dang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ningwei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Gao
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Suhang Shang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Huo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Huyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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5
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Hydrogen sulfide in ageing, longevity and disease. Biochem J 2021; 478:3485-3504. [PMID: 34613340 PMCID: PMC8589328 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) modulates many biological processes, including ageing. Initially considered a hazardous toxic gas, it is now recognised that H2S is produced endogenously across taxa and is a key mediator of processes that promote longevity and improve late-life health. In this review, we consider the key developments in our understanding of this gaseous signalling molecule in the context of health and disease, discuss potential mechanisms through which H2S can influence processes central to ageing and highlight the emergence of novel H2S-based therapeutics. We also consider the major challenges that may potentially hinder the development of such therapies.
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Haddad M, Perrotte M, Ben Khedher MR, Madec E, Lepage A, Fülöp T, Ramassamy C. Levels of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and Glyoxalase-1 in the Total Circulating Extracellular Vesicles from Mild Cognitive Impairment and Different Stages of Alzheimer's Disease Patients. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:227-237. [PMID: 34487040 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence supports that receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1) are implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles secreted by almost all cell types, contribute to cellular communication, and are implicated in AD pathology. Recently, EVs are considered as promising tools to identify reliable biomarkers in AD. OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to determine the levels of RAGE and GLO-1 in circulating EVs from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients and to analyze their correlation with the clinical Mini-Mental State Examination and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores. We have studied the possibility that neuronal cells could release and transfer GLO-1 through EVs. METHODS RAGE and GLO-1 levels were measured in circulating EVs, respectively, by Luminex assay and western blot. Released-EVs from SK-N-SH neuronal cells were isolated and GLO-1 levels were determined by western blot. RESULTS Our data showed higher levels of RAGE in EVs from late AD patients while GLO-1 levels in EVs from early AD were lower as compared to control and MCI patients. Interestingly, levels of RAGE and GLO-1 in EVs were correlated with the cognitive scores regardless of age. For the first time, we demonstrated that GLO-1 was released from neuronal cells through EVs. CONCLUSION Although more samples will be needed, our preliminary results support the use of peripheral EVs cargo as new tools for the discovery of peripheral AD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Haddad
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Morgane Perrotte
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada.,Réseau Québécoisde Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mohamed Raâfet Ben Khedher
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada.,Réseau Québécoisde Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Elise Madec
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Aurelie Lepage
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Tamás Fülöp
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- Institut National de Recherche Scientifique-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada.,Réseau Québécoisde Recherche sur le Vieillissement, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Arévalo NB, Castillo-Godoy DP, Espinoza-Fuenzalida I, Rogers NK, Farias G, Delgado C, Henriquez M, Herrera L, Behrens MI, SanMartín CD. Association of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms with Amyloid-β Transporters Expression and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Chilean Cohort. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:S283-S297. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-201031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) deposition in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is due to an imbalance in its production/clearance rate. Aβ is transported across the blood-brain barrier by LRP1 and P-gp as efflux transporters and RAGE as influx transporter. Vitamin D deficit and polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene are associated with high prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. Further, vitamin D promotes the expression of LRP1 and P-gp in AD-animal model brains. Objective: To associate VDR polymorphisms Apa I (rs7975232), Taq I (rs731236), and Fok I (rs2228570) with the risk of developing MCI in a Chilean population, and to evaluate the relationship of these polymorphisms to the expression of VDR and Aβ-transporters in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Methods: VDR polymorphisms Apa I, Taq I, and Fok I were determined in 128 healthy controls (HC) and 66 MCI patients. mRNA levels of VDR and Aβ-transporters were evaluated in subgroups by qPCR. Results: Alleles A of Apa I and C of Taq I were associated with a lower risk of MCI. HC with the Apa I AA genotype had higher mRNA levels of P-gp and LRP1, while the expression of VDR and RAGE were higher in MCI patients and HC. For Fok I, the TC genotype was associated with lower expression levels of Aβ-transporters in both groups. Conclusion: We propose that the response to vitamin D treatment will depend on VDR polymorphisms, being more efficient in carriers of protective alleles of Apa I polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohela B. Arévalo
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Programa de Genética Humana, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Nicole K. Rogers
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Farias
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Delgado
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Henriquez
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Red para el Estudio de Enfermedades Cardiopulmonares de Alta Letalidad (REECPAL), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luisa Herrera
- Programa de Genética Humana, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Isabel Behrens
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carol D. SanMartín
- Center for Integrative Biology, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Tecnologia Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
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Berlanga-Acosta J, Guillén-Nieto G, Rodríguez-Rodríguez N, Bringas-Vega ML, García-del-Barco-Herrera D, Berlanga-Saez JO, García-Ojalvo A, Valdés-Sosa MJ, Valdés-Sosa PA. Insulin Resistance at the Crossroad of Alzheimer Disease Pathology: A Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:560375. [PMID: 33224105 PMCID: PMC7674493 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.560375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin plays a major neuroprotective and trophic function for cerebral cell population, thus countering apoptosis, beta-amyloid toxicity, and oxidative stress; favoring neuronal survival; and enhancing memory and learning processes. Insulin resistance and impaired cerebral glucose metabolism are invariantly reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative processes. AD is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder in which progressive glucose hypometabolism parallels to cognitive impairment. Although AD may appear and progress in virtue of multifactorial nosogenic ingredients, multiple interperpetuative and interconnected vicious circles appear to drive disease pathophysiology. The disease is primarily a metabolic/energetic disorder in which amyloid accumulation may appear as a by-product of more proximal events, especially in the late-onset form. As a bridge between AD and type 2 diabetes, activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway with the ensued serine phosphorylation of the insulin response substrate (IRS)-1/2 may be at the crossroads of insulin resistance and its subsequent dysmetabolic consequences. Central insulin axis bankruptcy translates in neuronal vulnerability and demise. As a link in the chain of pathogenic vicious circles, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and peripheral/central immune-inflammation are increasingly advocated as major pathology drivers. Pharmacological interventions addressed to preserve insulin axis physiology, mitochondrial biogenesis-integral functionality, and mitophagy of diseased organelles may attenuate the adjacent spillover of free radicals that further perpetuate mitochondrial damages and catalyze inflammation. Central and/or peripheral inflammation may account for a local flood of proinflammatory cytokines that along with astrogliosis amplify insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. All these elements are endogenous stressor, pro-senescent factors that contribute to JNK activation. Taken together, these evidences incite to identify novel multi-mechanistic approaches to succeed in ameliorating this pandemic affliction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Berlanga-Acosta
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Tissue Repair and Cytoprotection Research Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gerardo Guillén-Nieto
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Tissue Repair and Cytoprotection Research Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Nadia Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Tissue Repair and Cytoprotection Research Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Maria Luisa Bringas-Vega
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Neurosciences Center, Cubanacan, Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Jorge O. Berlanga-Saez
- Applied Mathematics Department, Institute of Mathematics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ariana García-Ojalvo
- Tissue Repair and Cytoprotection Research Group, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana, Cuba
| | - Mitchell Joseph Valdés-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Neurosciences Center, Cubanacan, Havana, Cuba
| | - Pedro A. Valdés-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Cuban Neurosciences Center, Cubanacan, Havana, Cuba
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9
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Gao L, Wang J, Jiang Y, Wei S, Shang S, Chen C, Dang L, Huo K, Deng M, Wang J, Qu Q. Relationship Between Peripheral Transport Proteins and Plasma Amyloid-β in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease Were Different from Cognitively Normal Controls: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:699-709. [PMID: 33016902 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transport proteins, soluble LRP1 (sLRP1) and soluble RAGE (sRAGE), play a pivotal role in the peripheral clearance of plasma amyloid-β (Aβ). However, their relationship is seldom discussed, especially in Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE To explore whether their relationship in patients with AD varied from those in cognitively normal (CN) controls. METHODS We initially recruited 70 patients with AD and 725 CN controls, then applied propensity score matching (PSM) analysis to balance the differences between two groups. Plasma levels of sLRP1, sRAGE, and Aβ were measured using commercial ELISA kits and log transformed when skewed distributed. The relationship between sLRP1/sRAGE and plasma Aβ were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis followed by multiple linear regression separately in the original population and matched participants. RESULTS After PSM, 70 patients with AD and 140 matched controls were included for further analysis. Log sLRP1 was positively correlated with plasma Aβ40 in matched CN controls (r = 0.222, p = 0.008) but not in patients with AD (r = 0.137, p = 0.260). After multivariable adjustment, Log sLRP1 remained significantly associated with plasma Aβ40 in the CN group (β= 7.347, p = 0.014) but not in the AD group (β= 10.409, p = 0.105). In contrast, Log sLRP1 was not correlated with plasma Aβ42 in patients with AD or CN controls, and Log sRAGE was consistently not associated with plasma Aβ40 or Aβ42 in either group. CONCLUSION The significant correlation between sLRP1 and plasma Aβ40 present in CN controls was not found in patients with AD, suggesting that their relationship was different in AD. However, the specific mechanisms and its influence on cerebral amyloid burden require further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Suhang Shang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liangjun Dang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Huo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meiying Deng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Huxian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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10
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Kim OY, Song J. The importance of BDNF and RAGE in diabetes-induced dementia. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105083. [PMID: 32679182 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes-induced dementia is an emerging neurodisorder all over the world. The prevalence rates of dementia and diabetes have been gradually increasing worldwide. Diabetes has been known to lead to oxidative stress, inflammation aggravation, and hyperglycemia conditions in the brain. Various diabetic implications cause the lower secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the increase of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), ultimately leading to both cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive decline. Here, we summarized the significant evidences highlighting the specific mechanisms between BDNF and RAGE and cerebrovascular dysfunction and memory function and how these relate to diabetes-induced dementia. Especially, we review that the association between BDFN and RAGE in neuroinflammation, the reduction of long-term potentiation, and the vascular implications in brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Yoen Kim
- The Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea; The Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- The Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Kheiri G, Dolatshahi M, Rahmani F, Rezaei N. Role of p38/MAPKs in Alzheimer's disease: implications for amyloid beta toxicity targeted therapy. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:9-30. [PMID: 29804103 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A myriad of environmental and genetic factors, as well as the physiologic process of aging, contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Neuroinflammation is and has been a focus of interest, as a common gateway for initiation of many of the underlying pathologies of AD. Amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity, increasing RAGE expression, tau hyperphosphorylation, induction of apoptosis, and deregulated autophagy are among other mechanisms, partly entangled and being explained by activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and MAPK signaling. p38 MAPK is the most essential regulator of Aβ induced toxicity from this family. p38 induces NF-κB activation, glutamate excitotoxicity, and disruption of synaptic plasticity, which are other implications of all justifying the p38 MAPK as a potential target to break the vicious Aβ toxicity cycle. Until recently, many in vivo and in vitro studies have investigated the effects of p38 MAPK inhibitors in AD. The pyridinyl imidazole compounds SB202190 and SB203580 have shown promising anti-apoptotic results in vivo. MW108 inhibits activation of p38 and is able to postpone cognitive decline in animal models. The PD169316, with anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic features, has improved spatial memory in vivo. Natural compounds from Camellia sinensis (green tea), polyphenols from olive oil, pinocembrin from propolis, and the puerarine extract isoflavones, have shown strong anti-apoptotic features, mediated by p38 MAPK inhibition. Use of these drug targets is limited due to central nervous system side effects or cross-reactivity with other kinases, predicting the low efficacy of these drugs in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Kheiri
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955 Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955 Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Student's Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 1416753955 Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 19166 Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran 14194, Iran
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12
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Crucial players in Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus: Friends or foes? Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 181:7-21. [PMID: 31085195 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 (T2DM), are very common and widespread diseases in contemporary societies, and their incidence is steadily on the increase. T2DM is a multiple metabolic disorder, with several mechanisms including hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, insulin receptor and insulin growth factor disturbances, glucose toxicity, formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the activity of their receptors. AD is the most common form of dementia, characterized by the accumulation of extracellular beta amyloid peptide aggregates and intracellular hyper-phosphorylated tau proteins, which are thought to drive and/or accelerate inflammatory and oxidative stress processes leading to neurodegeneration. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the evidence linking T2DM to the onset and development of AD and highlight the unknown or poorly studied "nooks and crannies" of this interesting relationship, hence providing an opportunity to stimulate new ideas for the analysis of comorbidities between AD and DM. Despite, indication of possible biomarkers of early diagnosis of T2DM and AD, this review is also an attempt to answer the question as to whether the crucial factors in the development of both conditions support the link between DM and AD.
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13
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Teissier T, Boulanger É. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is an important pattern recognition receptor (PRR) for inflammaging. Biogerontology 2019; 20:279-301. [PMID: 30968282 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) was initially characterized and named for its ability to bind to advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) that form upon the irreversible and non-enzymatic interaction between nucleophiles, such as lysine, and carbonyl compounds, such as reducing sugars. The concentrations of AGEs are known to increase in conditions such as diabetes, as well as during ageing. However, it is now widely accepted that RAGE binds with numerous ligands, many of which can be defined as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The interaction between RAGE and its ligands mainly results in a pro-inflammatory response, and can lead to stress events often favouring mitochondrial dysfunction or cellular senescence. Thus, RAGE should be considered as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR), similar to those that regulate innate immunity. Innate immunity itself plays a central role in inflammaging, the chronic low-grade and sterile inflammation that increases with age and is a potentially important contributory factor in ageing. Consequently, and in addition to the age-related accumulation of PAMPs and DAMPs and increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines from senescent cells and damaged cells, PRRs are therefore important in inflammaging. We suggest here that, through its interconnection with immunity, senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammasome activation, RAGE is a key contributor to inflammaging and that the pro-longevity effects seen upon blocking RAGE, or upon its deletion, are thus the result of reduced inflammaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Teissier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Éric Boulanger
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, 59000, Lille, France.,Department of Geriatrics and Ageing Biology, School of Medicine, Lille University, Lille, France.,Department of Geriatrics, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
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14
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Foroumandi E, Alizadeh M, Kheirouri S, Asghari Jafarabadi M. Exploring the role of body mass index in relationship of serum nitric oxide and advanced glycation end products in apparently healthy subjects. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213307. [PMID: 30856212 PMCID: PMC6411143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify any association of serum nitric oxide (NO) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with body mass index (BMI) in apparently healthy subjects. In this cross-sectional study, participants were 90 apparently healthy subjects, categorized into three BMI groups as follows: BMI≤19.5 (n = 21), 19.6≤BMI≤24.9 (n = 35), and BMI≥25 (n = 34). Serum levels of NO were measured by griess reaction method. Determination of serum pentosidine and carboxymethyllysine (CML) was done using ELISA. Median (95% confidence interval [CI]: lower- upper) of serum NO in subjects with BMI≥25 were 68.94 (CI: 55.01–70.56) μmol/L, which was higher compared with 19.6≤BMI≤24.9 and BMI≤19.5 groups (22.65 (CI: 19.29–28.17) μmol/L and 8.00 (CI: 9.12–29.58) μmol/L, respectively). Serum NO positively correlated with BMI in total subjects (r = 0.585, p<0.001), which this correlation was significant in both male and female groups (r = 0.735, p<0.001 and r = 0.476, p = 0.001, respectively). Serum pentosidine and CML were significantly lower in subjects with higher BMI. Further, BMI showed negative correlations with pentosidine and CML (r = -0.363, p<0.001 and r = -0.484, p<0.001, respectively). There were not any significant differences in serum NO, pentosidine, and CML levels between sex groups. After adjusting the effects of confounders (BMI, sex, age, and waist to hip ratio), serum NO significantly correlated with serum pentosidine and CML (r = -0.319, p = 0.003 and r = -0.433, p<0.001, respectively). It is concluded that higher BMI is accompanied by increased serum NO and suppressed pentosidine and CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Foroumandi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Students’ Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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15
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Volpina OM, Samokhin AN, Koroev DO, Nesterova IV, Volkova TD, Medvinskaya NI, Nekrasov PV, Tatarnikova OG, Kamynina AV, Balasanyants SM, Voronina TA, Kulikov AM, Bobkova NV. Synthetic Fragment of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Prevents Memory Loss and Protects Brain Neurons in Olfactory Bulbectomized Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 61:1061-1076. [PMID: 29332040 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) plays an essential role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is known that the soluble isoform of the receptor binds to ligands and prevents negative effects of the receptor activation. We proposed that peptide fragments from RAGE prevent negative effects of the receptor activation during AD neurodegeneration. We have synthesized peptide fragments from surface-exposed regions of RAGE. Peptides were intranasally administrated into olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice, which developed some characteristics similar to AD neurodegeneration. We have found that only insertion of fragment (60-76) prevents the memory of OBX mice. Immunization of OBX mice with peptides showed that again only (60-76) peptide protected the memory of animals. Both intranasal insertion and immunization decreased the amyloid-β (Aβ) level in the brain. Activity of shortened fragments of (60-76) peptide was tested and showed only the (60-70) peptide is responsible for manifestation of activity. Intranasal administration of (60-76) peptide shows most protective effect on morpho-functional characteristics of neurons in the cortex and hippocampal areas. Using Flu-(60-76) peptide, we revealed its penetration in the brain of OBX mice as well as colocalization of Flu-labeled peptide with Aβ in the brain regions in transgenic mice. Flu-(60-76) peptide complex with trimer of Aβ was detected by SDS-PAGE. These data indicate that Aβ can be one of the molecular target of (60-70) peptide. These findings provide a new peptide molecule for design of anti-AD drug and for investigation of RAGE activation ways in progression of AD neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M Volpina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr N Samokhin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Dmitriy O Koroev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V Nesterova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Tatyana D Volkova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Pavel V Nekrasov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Olga G Tatarnikova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Anna V Kamynina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Samson M Balasanyants
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexey M Kulikov
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Bobkova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
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16
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Huang WH, Chen W, Jiang LY, Yang YX, Yao LF, Li KS. Influence of ADAM10 Polymorphisms on Plasma Level of Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and The Association With Alzheimer's Disease Risk. Front Genet 2018; 9:540. [PMID: 30555509 PMCID: PMC6282062 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the role of A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) in genetic susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a representative Chinese sample, we genotyped 362 AD patients and 370 healthy controls for the rs514049A/C and rs653765C/T polymorphisms in the ADAM10 promoter using the SNaPshot technique. We also examined the potential impact of these polymorphisms on the plasma level of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), a decoy receptor whose reduction has been associated with a higher risk of AD. Additionally, a meta-analysis was performed using the present study and the largest GWAS from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP). No significant differences were found in the distributions of genotypes or alleles between AD patients and control subjects. However, age-at-onset stratification analysis revealed that there were significant differences in the genotypes (P = 0.015) and alleles (P = 0.006) of the rs653765 SNP. Furthermore, patients with the rs653765 CC genotype showed a lower ADAM10 level and a faster cognitive deterioration than those in patients with the CT/TT genotype in late-onset AD (LOAD), and the rs653765 CC polymorphism was able to regulate the production of the ADAM10 substrate sRAGE. In contrast, the rs514049 polymorphism was not statistically associated with AD. In the meta-analysis, we observed that both rs514049 (A allele vs. C allele, P = 0.002) and rs653765 (C allele vs. T allele, P = 0.004) were associated with AD risk. The present study indicated that the rs653765 polymorphism might be associated with the risk and development of LOAD; in particular, the risk genotype, CC, may decrease the expression of ADAM10, influencing the plasma levels of sRAGE, and thus may be correlated with the clinical progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Huang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian-Ying Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yi-Xia Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Li-Fen Yao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ke-Shen Li
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Ataç ZS, Alaylıoğlu M, Dursun E, Gezen-Ak D, Yılmazer S, Gürvit H. G82S polymorphism of receptor for advanced glycation end products gene and serum soluble RAGE levels in mild cognitive impairment and dementia of Alzheimer's type patients in Turkish population. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 59:197-201. [PMID: 30389362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, neurodegenaration resulting in progressive cognitive decline leading to dementia. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is also a clinical definition of cognitive decline without functional impairment. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is one of the neuronal membrane receptors that binds amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) triggering Aβ-related pathologic signalling mechanisms. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) is the soluble isoform of RAGE and it collects peripheral Aβ by acting as a sink, prevents both RAGE-AGE interaction and transfer of Aβ into brain. In this study, an association was investigated in Turkish cohorts of patients with dementia with Alzheimer's Type (DAT) and MCI patients by measuring serum sRAGE levels and by genotyping G82S polymorphism and comparing them to healthy control (HC) subjects. Although the serum sRAGE levels showed a decreasing manner among the groups, these differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.2). This is the first study for Turkish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Simin Ataç
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Alaylıoğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdinç Dursun
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Gezen-Ak
- Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selma Yılmazer
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Altınbaş University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gürvit
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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18
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Patterson SA, Deep G, Brinkley TE. Detection of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts in neuronally-derived exosomes in plasma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 500:892-896. [PMID: 29702093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.04.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanovesicles that participate in cell-to-cell communication and are secreted by a variety of cells including neurons. Recent studies suggest that neuronally-derived exosomes are detectable in plasma and that their contents likely reflect expression of various biomarkers in brain tissues. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is increased in brain regions affected by AD. The goal of our project was to determine whether RAGE is present in plasma exosomes, and specifically exosomes derived from neurons. Exosomes were isolated from plasma samples (n = 8) by precipitation (ExoQuick) and ultracentrifugation methods. Neuronally-derived exosomes were isolated using a biotin-tagged L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule (L1CAM) specific antibody and streptavidin-tagged agarose resin. RAGE expression was measured by Western blots and ELISA. Western Blotting showed that RAGE is present in L1CAM-positive exosomes isolated using both methods. Mean (SD) exosomal RAGE levels were 164 (60) pg/ml by ExoQuick and were highly correlated with plasma sRAGE levels (r = 0.87, p = 0.005), which were approximately 7.5-fold higher than exosomal levels. Weak to moderate correlations were found between exosomal RAGE and age, BMI, and cognitive function. These results show for the first time that RAGE is present in neuronally-derived plasma exosomes, and suggest that exosomal RAGE may be a novel biomarker that reflects pathophysiological processes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra A Patterson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Tina E Brinkley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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19
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Metabolic Derangements Contribute to Reduced sRAGE Isoforms in Subjects with Alzheimer's Disease. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:2061376. [PMID: 29681765 PMCID: PMC5842684 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2061376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is evidence for metabolic dysfunction and chronic inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD), circulating levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) ligand S100B have not been characterized. sRAGE is an important mediator in disease as it can act as a ligand decoy for RAGE and attenuate downstream inflammatory signaling. Cognitively healthy elderly and AD participants with and without type 2 diabetes (n = 135) were stratified according to the clinical dementia rating (CDR; 0 = normal cognition (NC); ≥0.5 = AD). Total serum sRAGE, endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE), and S100B were assayed via ELISAs, and cleaved RAGE (cRAGE) and the cRAGE : esRAGE ratio were calculated. cRAGE : esRAGE was lower in AD compared to NC (p < 0.05). Metabolic substratifications were used to investigate the factors that influence sRAGE pathology in AD. Stratification by BMI classification, median fat mass, median HOMA-IR, median insulin, and median amylin were all metabolic or anthropometric factors which significantly interacted with sRAGE profiles within AD subjects. There were no significant differences in serum S100B between groups. These characterizations of sRAGE contribute evidence to the link between impaired metabolism and cognitive decline due to AD.
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20
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Narayanaswami V, Dahl K, Bernard-Gauthier V, Josephson L, Cumming P, Vasdev N. Emerging PET Radiotracers and Targets for Imaging of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Outlook Beyond TSPO. Mol Imaging 2018; 17:1536012118792317. [PMID: 30203712 PMCID: PMC6134492 DOI: 10.1177/1536012118792317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic and multicellular processes of neuroinflammation are mediated by the nonneuronal cells of the central nervous system, which include astrocytes and the brain's resident macrophages, microglia. Although initiation of an inflammatory response may be beneficial in response to injury of the nervous system, chronic or maladaptive neuroinflammation can have harmful outcomes in many neurological diseases. An acute neuroinflammatory response is protective when activated neuroglia facilitate tissue repair by releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors. On the other hand, chronic neuroglial activation is a major pathological mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases, likely contributing to neuronal dysfunction, injury, and disease progression. Therefore, the development of specific and sensitive probes for positron emission tomography (PET) studies of neuroinflammation is attracting immense scientific and clinical interest. An early phase of this research emphasized PET studies of the prototypical imaging biomarker of glial activation, translocator protein-18 kDa (TSPO), which presents difficulties for quantitation and lacks absolute cellular specificity. Many alternate molecular targets present themselves for PET imaging of neuroinflammation in vivo, including enzymes, intracellular signaling molecules as well as ionotropic, G-protein coupled, and immunoglobulin receptors. We now review the lead structures in radiotracer development for PET studies of neuroinflammation targets for neurodegenerative diseases extending beyond TSPO, including glycogen synthase kinase 3, monoamine oxidase-B, reactive oxygen species, imidazoline-2 binding sites, cyclooxygenase, the phospholipase A2/arachidonic acid pathway, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1, cannabinoid-2 receptor, the chemokine receptor CX3CR1, purinergic receptors: P2X7 and P2Y12, the receptor for advanced glycation end products, Mer tyrosine kinase, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1. We provide a brief overview of the cellular expression and function of these targets, noting their selectivity for astrocytes and/or microglia, and highlight the classes of PET radiotracers that have been investigated in early-stage preclinical or clinical research studies of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Narayanaswami
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth Dahl
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Cumming
- School of Psychology and Counselling and IHBI, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health & Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Wang P, Huang R, Lu S, Xia W, Cai R, Sun H, Wang S. RAGE and AGEs in Mild Cognitive Impairment of Diabetic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145521. [PMID: 26745632 PMCID: PMC4706319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGEs; RAGE) binds to both AGEs and amyloid-beta peptides. RAGE is involved in chronic complications of type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. We aimed to investigate the roles of RAGE, AGEs and the Gly82Ser polymorphism of RAGE in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS Of the 167 hospitalized type 2 diabetes patients recruited, 82 satisfied the diagnostic criteria for MCI, and 85 matched control individuals were classified as non-MCI. Demographic data were collected, and the soluble RAGE (sRAGE) concentrations, serum AGE-peptide (AGE-P) levels, RAGE Gly82Ser genotype and neuropsychological test results were examined. RESULTS The MCI group exhibited a decreased sRAGE level (0.87±0.35 vs. 1.05±0.52 ng/ml, p<0.01) and an increased serum AGE-P level (3.54±1.27 vs. 2.71±1.18 U/ml, p<0.01) compared with the control group. Logistic regression analysis indicated that each unit reduction in the sRAGE concentration increased the MCI risk by 54% (OR 0.46[95% CI 0.22-0.96], p = 0.04) and that each unit increase in the AGE-P level increased the MCI risk by 72% in the type 2 diabetes patients (OR 1.72[95% CI 1.31-2.28], p<0.01). The serum sRAGE level was negatively correlated with the score on the trail making test-B (TMT-B) (r = -0.344, p = 0.002), which indicates early cognitive deficits related to diabetes. Moreover, the AGE-P level was positively correlated with multiple cognitive domains (all p<0.05). No significant differences in the neuropsychological test results or serum RAGE concentrations between the different RAGE genotypes or in the RAGE genotype frequencies between the MCI and control groups were identified (all p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The RAGE pathway partially mediates AGE-induced MCI in diabetic patients. The serum AGE-P level may serve as a serum biomarker of MCI in these individuals, and sRAGE represents a predictor and even a potential intervention target of early cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Advanced Glycation End Products Induced Cognitive Impairment in Diabetes: BDNF Signal Meditated Hippocampal Neurogenesis ChiCTR-OCC-15006060.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Sen Lu
- Department of the Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, PR China
| | - Wenqing Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Rongrong Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Haixia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Walker D, Lue LF, Paul G, Patel A, Sabbagh MN. Receptor for advanced glycation endproduct modulators: a new therapeutic target in Alzheimer's disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 24:393-9. [PMID: 25586103 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2015.1001490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reduction in the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) has been the primary target for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics recently, but in clinical trials this approach has generally been unsuccessful. A common feature of AD pathology is a complex inflammatory component that could be a target for treatment. One feature of this inflammation has been the involvement of the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), whose ligands include advanced glycation-endproduct-modified proteins as well as lipids and Aβ, which are found at elevated levels in AD brains. AREAS COVERED In this article, the authors describe the key features of RAGE and how it could have a role in AD pathogenesis. They also summarize experimental animal and clinical data that demonstrate the therapeutic effect of RAGE inhibition and consider what these findings mean for human disease. EXPERT OPINION RAGE has multiple ligands, including Aβ, that are increased in AD brains. Inhibiting RAGE-ligand interactions without activating receptor signaling can reduce multiple pathological pathways relevant for AD. Several RAGE inhibitors and modulators are now being tested as therapeutics for AD. Recent Phase II studies have established the good safety and tolerability of TTP448 with some evidence of positive benefit at lower dose. This suggests that further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Walker
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute , 10515 West Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ 85351 , USA +1 623 832 6500 ; +1 623 832 6504 ;
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Marksteiner J, Imarhiagbe D, Defrancesco M, Deisenhammer EA, Kemmler G, Humpel C. Analysis of 27 vascular-related proteins reveals that NT-proBNP is a potential biomarker for Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a pilot-study. Exp Gerontol 2013; 50:114-21. [PMID: 24333505 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease. Cerebrovascular changes often accompany AD-related pathology. Despite a considerable progress in the diagnostic accuracy of AD, no blood biomarkers have been established so far. The aim of the present study was to search for changes in plasma levels of 27 vascular-related proteins of healthy controls, patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. In a sample of 80 participants we showed that out of these 27 proteins, six proteins were slightly changed (up to 1.5×) in AD (alpha2-macroglobulin, apolipoprotein-A1, plasminogen activator inhibitor, RAGE, Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases-1 and Trombospondin-2) and one marker (serum amyloid A) was enhanced up to 6× but with a very high variance. However, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was significantly enhanced both in MCI and AD patients (1.9×). In a second analysis of a sample of 110 subjects including younger healthy controls, we confirmed that NT-proBNP has the potential to be a stable candidate protein for both diagnosis and AD disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Marksteiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, Landeskrankenhaus Hall, Austria
| | - Douglas Imarhiagbe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A, Landeskrankenhaus Hall, Austria
| | - Michaela Defrancesco
- Memory Clinics, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Georg Kemmler
- Laboratory for Experimental Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Humpel
- Laboratory for Experimental Alzheimer's Disease, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Ge X, Xu XY, Feng CH, Wang Y, Li YL, Feng B. Relationships among serum C-reactive protein, receptor for advanced glycation products, metabolic dysfunction, and cognitive impairments. BMC Neurol 2013; 13:110. [PMID: 23978069 PMCID: PMC3765839 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-13-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the clinical value of two serum markers of low-grade inflammation, C-reactive protein (CRP) and receptor of advanced glycation products (RAGE), as prognostic indices for cognitive decline. METHODS Patients with cognitive impairment (n = 377) and controls (n = 66) were examined by blood biochemistry tests, including ELISAs of serum CRP and RAGE, the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and STEAM 1H-MRS of the left hippocampus and thalamus. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the cognitive impairment group was older (63.10 ± 9.70 years vs. 55.09 ± 10.77 years, P = 0.000) and had fewer years of formal education (9.01 ± 4.01 vs. 12.94 ± 3.0, P = 0.000). There were no significant differences in the frequencies of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or hyperlipidemia between groups. Serum CRP and RAGE were higher in the cognitive impairment group (CRP: 2.08 mg/L, range 1.07 - 3.36 mg/L vs. 0.21 mg/L, range 0.18 - 0.42 mg/L; RAGE: 4.01, range 2.49 - 5.71, vs. 2.28, range 1.84 - 3.03; P < 0.05 for both). In patients with cognitive impairment, there were negative correlations between cognitive function (as measured by MMSE and MoCA) and both CRP and RAGE levels (P < 0.05). Patients over 55 years exhibited a positive correlation between CRP and myo-inositol peak area in the left hippocampus (P < 0.05), while there was no relationship between RAGE and any metabolite (P > 0.05). Multiple linear regression revealed that CRP was influenced by hypertension (P = 0.026) and cognitive impairment (P = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS Chronic low-grade inflammation is present in patients with cognitive impairment. Serum CRP, RAGE, and left hippocampal myo-inositol may provide prognostic information on cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ge
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Pudong New Area Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-hua Feng
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-ling Li
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Ravona-Springer R, Schnaider-Beeri M. The association of diabetes and dementia and possible implications for nondiabetic populations. Expert Rev Neurother 2012; 11:1609-17. [PMID: 22014139 DOI: 10.1586/ern.11.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and prediabetic states have consistently been shown to be risk factors for cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The importance of these findings is that diabetes and diabetes-related factors are modifiable, potentially permitting interventions aimed at postponing or preventing dementia. However, diabetes control cannot yet be implemented universally in diabetic subjects as a strategy for dementia prevention since the mechanisms by which diabetes impairs brain function and cognition are not fully understood. It is not clear which of the diabetes-related factors is crucial to this relationship. In addition, strict diabetic control has been demonstrated to carry risk for certain diabetic populations. The aim of the current article is to discuss current understanding of the relationships of diabetes and some of its characteristics with dementia, and suggest future questions to be answered.
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Is There Inflammatory Synergy in Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease? Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:918680. [PMID: 22779027 PMCID: PMC3388453 DOI: 10.1155/2012/918680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation, including abnormal glucose utilization and insulin resistance or deficiency, occurs at an early stage of AD independent of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Thus, AD has been considered as type 3 diabetes. T2DM is a risk factor for AD; the coexistence of these two diseases in a society with an increasing mean age is a significant issue. Recently, research has focused on shared molecular mechanisms in these two diseases with the goal of determining whether treating T2DM can lessen the severity of AD. The progress in this field lends strong support to several mechanisms that could affect these two diseases, including insulin resistance and signaling, vascular injuries, inflammation, and the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts and their ligands. In this paper, we focus on inflammation-based mechanisms in both diseases and discuss potential synergism in these mechanisms when these two diseases coexist in the same patient.
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Srikanth V, Westcott B, Forbes J, Phan TG, Beare R, Venn A, Pearson S, Greenaway T, Parameswaran V, Münch G. Methylglyoxal, cognitive function and cerebral atrophy in older people. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 68:68-73. [PMID: 22496536 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of advanced glycation endproducts on cognition and brain structure are poorly understood. We studied associations of the advanced glycation endproduct precursor methylglyoxal (MGO) with cognitive function and brain volumes in older people. METHODS Nondemented participants in the Tasmanian Study of Cognition and Gait underwent cognitive testing and brain magnetic resonance imaging scans. Brain volumes were obtained by magnetic resonance imaging scan segmentation and statistical parametric mapping procedures. Serum MGO was measured after derivatization to methylquinoxaline by high pressure liquid chromatography and UV detection. Linear regression was used to examine associations of log-transformed MGO with cognitive scores and brain volumes adjusting for potential confounding by age, sex, education, mood, insulin resistance, history of stroke, vascular risk factors, alcohol intake, and psychoactive medication use. RESULTS There were 378 participants, mean age 72.1 years (SD 7.1), 55% male. Greater MGO was associated with poorer memory (β = -.12, 95% confidence interval: -0.22, -0.02, p = .02) and executive function, the latter being greater among those with a history of stroke (MGO × stroke β = .48, 95% confidence interval: 0.17, 0.79, p = .002). Greater MGO was associated with lower grey matter volume (β = -6.42, 95% confidence interval -11.82, -1.11, p = .02) but not with white matter volume, white matter lesion volume, or hippocampal volume. CONCLUSIONS These results support the investigation of the role of the advanced glycation endproduct precursor methylglyoxal in cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velandai Srikanth
- Stroke and Aging Research Group, Neurosciences, Deparment of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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Bastek JA, Brown AG, Foreman MN, McShea MA, Anglim LM, Adamczak JE, Elovitz MA. The soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products can prospectively identify patients at greatest risk for preterm birth. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2012; 25:1762-8. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2012.663825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yan SS, Chen D, Yan S, Guo L, Du H, Chen JX. RAGE is a key cellular target for Abeta-induced perturbation in Alzheimer's disease. Front Biosci (Schol Ed) 2012. [PMID: 22202057 DOI: 10.2741/265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RAGE, a receptor for advanced glycation endproducts, is an immunoglobulin-like cell surface receptor that is often described as a pattern recognition receptor due to the structural heterogeneity of its ligand. RAGE is an important cellular cofactor for amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta)-mediated cellular perturbation relevant to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The interaction of RAGE with Abeta in neurons, microglia, and vascular cells accelerates and amplifies deleterious effects on neuronal and synaptic function. RAGE-dependent signaling contributes to Abeta-mediated amyloid pathology and cognitive dysfunction observed in the AD mouse model. Blockade of RAGE significantly attenuates neuronal and synaptic injury. In this review, we summarize the role of RAGE in the pathogenesis of AD, specifically in Abeta-induced cellular perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley ShiDu Yan
- Department of Surgery, Physicians and Surgeons College of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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30
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Chen G, Cai L, Chen B, Liang J, Lin F, Li L, Lin L, Yao J, Wen J, Huang H. Serum level of endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products and other factors in type 2 diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment. Diabetes Care 2011; 34:2586-90. [PMID: 22011410 PMCID: PMC3220856 DOI: 10.2337/dc11-0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine the serum levels of endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGEs) in patients with type 2 diabetes and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in control patients with type 2 diabetes but no MCI, and examine the relationship of esRAGE and MCI with other clinical factors. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 101 patients with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology at Fujian Provincial Hospital between January 2010 and January 2011 were enrolled. There were 58 patients with MCI and 43 patients without MCI (control). Serum levels of esRAGE were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Other clinical parameters were also measured. RESULTS Type 2 diabetic patients with MCI had a longer duration of diabetes; elevated HbA(1c), total cholesterol (CHOL), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), intima-media thickness, C-reactive protein (CRP), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV); and lower ankle brachial index (ABI) and esRAGE relative to the control group. Among patients with MCI, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score was positively correlated with serum esRAGE but negatively correlated with CHOL. Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated that esRAGE was positively correlated with MoCA score and ABI but negatively correlated with ba-PWV, CHOL, TG, and CRP in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that esRAGE may be a potential protective factor for dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and MCI in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Koch M, Chitayat S, Dattilo BM, Schiefner A, Diez J, Chazin WJ, Fritz G. Structural basis for ligand recognition and activation of RAGE. Structure 2011; 18:1342-52. [PMID: 20947022 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2010.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a pattern recognition receptor involved in inflammatory processes and is associated with diabetic complications, tumor outgrowth, and neurodegenerative disorders. RAGE induces cellular signaling events upon binding of a variety of ligands, such as glycated proteins, amyloid-β, HMGB1, and S100 proteins. The X-ray crystal structure of the VC1 ligand-binding region of the human RAGE ectodomain was determined at 1.85 Å resolution. The VC1 ligand-binding surface was mapped onto the structure from titrations with S100B monitored by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. These NMR chemical shift perturbations were used as input for restrained docking calculations to generate a model for the VC1-S100B complex. Together, the arrangement of VC1 molecules in the crystal and complementary biochemical studies suggest a role for self-association in RAGE function. Our results enhance understanding of the functional outcomes of S100 protein binding to RAGE and provide insight into mechanistic models for how the receptor is activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Koch
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Zhang L, Postina R, Wang Y. Ectodomain shedding of the receptor for advanced glycation end products: a novel therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:3923-35. [PMID: 19672558 PMCID: PMC11115926 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) mediates diverse physiological and pathological effects and is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). RAGE is a receptor for amyloid beta peptides (Ab), mediates Abeta neurotoxicity and also promotes Abeta influx into the brain and contributes to Abeta aggregation. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE), a secreted RAGE isoform, acts as a decoy receptor to antagonize RAGE-mediated damages. Accumulating evidence has suggested that sRAGE represents a promising pharmaceutic against RAGE-mediated disorders. Recent studies revealed proteolysis of RAGE as a previously unappreciated means of sRAGE production. In this review we summarize these findings on the proteolytic cleavage of RAGE and discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms of RAGE shedding. Furthermore, we propose a model in which proteolysis of RAGE could restrain AD development by reducing Abeta transport intothe brain and Abeta production via BACE. Thus, the modulation of RAGE proteolysis provides a novel intervention strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, 210009 Nanjing, China
| | - Rolf Postina
- Institute of Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 30, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yingqun Wang
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
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Association between the RAGE G82S polymorphism and Alzheimer’s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 117:97-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Soluble cell adhesion molecules in monocytes of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Exp Gerontol 2009; 45:70-4. [PMID: 19836440 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Revised: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with characteristic neuropathological features that are accompanied by inflammatory processes and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. There is evidence that microglial cells are a key mediator of damage in AD. The microglial compartment may arise to a greater part from activation and transmigration of circulating monocytes. The aim of the present pilot study was to explore, if different cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and -3, PECAM-1, VCAM-1, P-, L- and E-selectins, E-cadherin), RAGE and CD14 are affected in monocytes of healthy subjects compared to patients suffering from AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Monocytes were isolated by negative magnetic selection (MACS) from EDTA blood samples, and extracts were analyzed by Searchlight Multiplex ELISAs. When compared to healthy subjects, the ratio of monocytic ICAM-3/CD14 was significantly decreased in MCI and AD patients and the ratio of the monocytic P-selectin/CD14 was specifically decreased in AD patients. In conclusion, our data show that monocytic cell adhesion molecules are decreased in AD and MCI patients. Further larger longitudinal studies should then clarify whether any of these parameters may be useful as a diagnostic biomarker.
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Vazzana N, Santilli F, Cuccurullo C, Davì G. Soluble forms of RAGE in internal medicine. Intern Emerg Med 2009; 4:389-401. [PMID: 19727582 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-009-0300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and its ligands are intimately involved in the pathobiology of a wide range of diseases that share common features, such as enhanced oxidative stress, immune/inflammatory responses, and altered cell functions. Soluble forms of RAGE (sRAGE), including the splice variant endogenous secretory (es)RAGE, have been found circulating in plasma and tissues. Experimental data suggest that these isoforms may neutralize the ligand-mediated damage by acting as a decoy. Moreover, evidence is mounting to support a role for both sRAGE and esRAGE as biomarkers or endogenous protection factors against RAGE-mediated pathogenesis. In this review, we will focus on clinical and therapeutical implications arising from studies investigating the significance of soluble RAGE isoforms in several clinical settings, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, chronic renal failure, immune/inflammatory diseases, pulmonary diseases, neurodegeneration, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natale Vazzana
- Center of Excellence on Aging, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, Via Colle dell'Ara, 66013 Chieti, Italy
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Mahajan N, Malik N, Bahl A, Dhawan V. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and its inflammatory ligand EN-RAGE in non-diabetic subjects with pre-mature coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2009; 207:597-602. [PMID: 19576587 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation participates in atherosclerosis from its inception onwards. RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) and its natural pro-inflammatory ligand, EN-RAGE (extracellular newly identified RAGE-binding protein) have been implicated in various inflammatory diseases. In present study, we determined the expression of RAGE and EN-RAGE in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of subjects with pre-mature coronary artery disease (CAD) for the first time. METHODS AND RESULTS The study patients were angiographically proven non-diabetic patients with pre-mature CAD (Group I; N=100) and control group comprised of subjects with coronary risk factors and without coronary artery lesions (Group II; N=40). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed to determine transcriptional expression of RAGE and EN-RAGE in PBMCs. Soluble RAGE (sRAGE) and C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were determined in serum of all study subjects using immunoassays. A significantly increased transcriptional expression of RAGE and EN-RAGE in PBMCs (p<0.01) of Group I patients was observed. Increased circulating hsCRP (p<0.01) levels and decreased sRAGE (p<0.01) levels were observed in Group I as compared with the Group II subjects. Severity of disease determined by Gensini score was found to be positively correlated with transcriptional expression of RAGE (r=0.530) and EN-RAGE (r=0.323). EN-RAGE expression revealed a strong association with RAGE (r=0.326), hsCRP (r=0.251) and a negative association with sRAGE (r=-0.222). CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of RAGE and EN-RAGE in non-diabetic pre-mature CAD and various associations discussed may amplify several cellular perturbations and thus significantly contribute to the pathophysiology of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Mahajan
- Department of Experimental Medicine & Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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Srikanth V, Maczurek A, Phan T, Steele M, Westcott B, Juskiw D, Münch G. Advanced glycation endproducts and their receptor RAGE in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2009; 32:763-77. [PMID: 19464758 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2009.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementing disorder of late life. Although there might be various different triggering events in the early stages of the disease, they seem to converge on a few characteristic final pathways in the late stages, characterized by inflammation and neurodegeneration. In this review, we revisit the hypothesis that advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and their receptor RAGE may play an important role in disease pathogenesis. Accumulation of AGEs in cells and tissues is a normal feature of aging, but is accelerated in AD. In AD, AGEs can be detected in pathological deposits such as amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. AGEs explain many of the neuropathological and biochemical features of AD such as extensive protein crosslinking, glial induction of oxidative stress and neuronal cell death. Oxidative stress and AGEs initiate a positive feedback loop, where normal age-related changes develop into a pathophysiological cascade. RAGE and its decoy receptor soluble RAGE, may contribute to or protect against AD pathogenesis by influencing transport of β-amyloid into the brain or by manipulating inflammatory mechanisms. Targeted pharmacological interventions using AGE-inhibitors, RAGE-antagonists, RAGE-antibodies, soluble RAGE or RAGE signalling inhibitors such as membrane-permeable antioxidants may be promising therapeutic strategies to slow down the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velandai Srikanth
- Department of Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
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38
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Mahajan N, Malik N, Bahl A, Sharma Y, Dhawan V. Correlation among soluble markers and severity of disease in non-diabetic subjects with pre-mature coronary artery disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 330:201-9. [PMID: 19412573 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies are lacking in literature, which demonstrate the cumulative impact of certain soluble markers in predicting the severity of CAD. Serum hsCRP, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and sRAGE levels were measured in non-diabetic 100 angiographically proven CAD patients (Group I) and 40 non-diabetic subjects with coronary risk factors and without any lesions (Group II). Increased levels of serum hsCRP, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and decreased levels of sRAGE were observed in Group I as compared to Group II. Gensini score, a measure for severity of CAD was found to be positively correlated with serum hsCRP, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and negatively with sRAGE. Multivariate analysis revealed serum MMP-9, hsCRP, sRAGE and family history as predictors of severity of CAD with a cumulative sensitivity and specificity of 92% and 82%, respectively. Cumulative impact of these soluble markers, in addition to the established markers will contribute to improve the predictive value for the assessment of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Mahajan
- Department of Experimental Medicine & Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Research Block 'B', Chandigarh, 160012, India
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39
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Lue LF, Walker DG, Jacobson S, Sabbagh M. Receptor for advanced glycation end products: its role in Alzheimer's disease and other neurological diseases. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2009; 4:167-177. [PMID: 19885375 DOI: 10.2217/14796708.4.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) has been demonstrated to play a central role in the pathogenic mechanisms of a growing number of important neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and stroke. Two functional types of RAGE have been associated with neurological diseases: cell membrane-bound (full length) and soluble. In general, ligand binding to full-length RAGE initiates sustained cellular activation and receptor-dependent signaling resulting in inflammation and cellular stress, and is ultimately associated with increased RAGE expression. By comparison, soluble forms of RAGE, generated either by alternative splicing or by proteolysis, can reduce the severity of the consequence of ligand-membrane RAGE interactions by preventing ligands from binding to the full-length RAGE. This can inhibit the neurotoxic or proinflammatory responses involved in disease states. This article reviews the pathobiology of RAGE, with emphasis on soluble forms of RAGE, and discusses its relevance to AD and to other neurological diseases, as well as how manipulation of the different forms of RAGE is becoming a powerful therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lih-Fen Lue
- Laboratory of Neuroinflammation, Sun Health Research Institute, 10515 West Santa Fe Drive, Sun City, AZ, USA,
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40
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Luo Y, Niu F, Sun Z, Cao W, Zhang X, Guan D, Lv Z, Zhang B, Xu Y. Altered expression of Abeta metabolism-associated molecules from D-galactose/AlCl(3) induced mouse brain. Mech Ageing Dev 2008; 130:248-52. [PMID: 19150622 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2008.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral deposition of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) is a critical feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Either aluminium trichloride (Al) or D-galactose (D-gal) induces Abeta overproduction in rat or mouse brain and has been used to produce models of aging and AD. Here it is shown that mice treated with Al plus D-gal represent a good model of AD with altered expression of Abeta metabolism-associated molecules. The work shows that Al/D-gal causes memory impairment and high Abeta levels in the cortex (Co) and hippocampus (Hi). Then, we found that beta-site APP cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1) was increased in mouse Co and Hi. Al or Al plus D-gal suppressed mRNA of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1(LRP1). D-gal also decreased the LRP expression in Hi, but not in Co. However, Al/D-gal did not affect the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expression in mouse brains. Furthermore, Al/D-gal reduced the expression of neprilysin (NEP), but not the insulin degrading enzyme (IDE). This study indicates that Al/D-gal affects the expression of Abeta metabolism-associated molecules that are responsible for Abeta deposition during AD, suggesting that this mouse model can be a useful model for studying the mechanisms and biomarkers of AD and for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, PR China
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