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Xiao H, Gao Y, Liu L, Li Y. Association between polymorphisms in the promoter region of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene and Alzheimer's disease: A meta-analysis. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:921-938. [PMID: 28900374 PMCID: PMC5579398 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have evaluated the role of polymorphisms in the promoter region of APOE gene that encodes apolipoprotein E (APOE) and the susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this literature review and meta-analysis was to investigate the relationship between the APOE promoter region single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs449647, -491A/T; rs769446, -427T/C and rs405509 -219T/G) and the risk of developing AD. Eligible controlled studies published up to November 2016 were retrieved from main online scientific and medical databases. Odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were used to calculate the strength of the relationship. A total of 23 publications (19 for rs449647, ten for rs769446 and ten for rs405509) were retrieved that included 5,703 patients with AD and 5,692 controls. The C allele of the rs769446 variant of the promoter region of APOE gene was significantly associated with an increase of risk of AD (OR = 1.271, 95 % CI = 1.114-1.449, P < 0.0001), while other genetic models of this variant were not related with susceptibility to AD. Rs449647 and rs405509 polymorphisms of APOE gene were not associated with an increase of risk of AD. The findings of this literature review and meta-analysis have shown that rs769446 polymorphism in the promoter region of APOE gene could be a risk factor for AD. Future large-scale studies on the role of polymorphisms in the promoter region of APOE gene in AD are still awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyan Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157010, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yifeng Gao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157010, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157010, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Mudanjiang Medical University Affiliated HongQi Hospital, Mudanjiang 157011, Heilongjiang, China, Department of General Surgery
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Sun JH, Tan L, Wang HF, Tan MS, Tan L, Li JQ, Xu W, Zhu XC, Jiang T, Yu JT. Genetics of Vascular Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:611-29. [PMID: 25835425 DOI: 10.3233/jad-143102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia. So far, little is known about the contribution of genetic polymorphisms to the risk of VaD. Many candidate genetic polymorphisms have been examined in a large number of studies. However, due to the conflicting results, the genetics of VaD is still behind the shadow. OBJECTIVE We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis on associations between genetic polymorphisms of any gene and VaD to investigate the genetics of VaD. METHOD We sought the published studies of associations between any genetic polymorphism and VaD and critically appraised them. We assessed the effects of genetic models by calculating pooled odds ratios (ORs), investigating the origin of heterogeneity by subgroup analysis, and testing the robustness by random effect model and sensitivity analysis. RESULTS 69 studies with 4,462 cases and 11,583 controls were included. We identified APOE ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 and additional four genetic polymorphisms including MTHFR C677T, PON1 L55M, TGF-β1 +29C/T, and TNF-α -850C/T associated with VaD. Tested by random effect model and sensitivity analysis, the pooled results show nice robustness. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive meta-analysis highlighted the genetic contribution to sporadic VaD. Because of the small amount of data on associations between genetic polymorphisms, except for APOE, and VaD, more studies are needed to test the existing genetic polymorphisms and detect other related genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hao Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China.,College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Tan
- College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Li
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi-Chen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, School of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Qingdao, China.,Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Manso-Calderón R, González-Sarmiento R. Genetic susceptibility to vascular cognitive impairment: a pathophysiological view. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl-2016-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of the vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) creates challenges for research on its genetic basis and pathophysiology. Despite well-known monogenic forms may be useful to understand some pathogenic mechanisms leading to VCI, most of VCIs are sporadic disorders resulting from the interaction between environmental, vascular and genetic factors. Genetic investigation for VCI may encompass both candidate genes that affect critical biological processes to VCI and common and rare genetic variants identified across the entire genome study technology, thereby enabling us to confirm or expose new biological mechanisms in VCI and develop new therapeutic and preventive approaches. Notwithstanding genetic susceptibility to VCI remains largely unknown owing to methodological issues. Collaborative efforts emerge as an interesting strategy to overcome these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Manso-Calderón
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca-CSIC-SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca-CSIC-SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine & Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC). University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
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Achouri-Rassas A, Ben Ali N, Fray S, Kechaou M, Oudiaa Zakraoui N, Hadj-Fredj S, Cherif A, Anane N, Echebi S, Messaoud T, Belal S. Association study of apolipoprotein E promoter polymorphism (−427 T/C) and Alzheimer's disease in a Tunisian population. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2016; 172:127-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Castro-Chavira SA, Fernandez T, Nicolini H, Diaz-Cintra S, Prado-Alcala RA. Genetic markers in biological fluids for aging-related major neurocognitive disorder. Curr Alzheimer Res 2015; 12:200-9. [PMID: 25731625 PMCID: PMC4443795 DOI: 10.2174/1567205012666150302155138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related major neurocognitive disorder (NCD), formerly named dementia, comprises of the different acquired diseases whose primary deficit is impairment in cognitive functions such as complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual/motor skills, and social cognition, and that are related to specific brain regions and/or networks. According to its etiology, the most common subtypes of major NCDs are due to Alzheimer' s disease (AD), vascular disease (VaD), Lewy body disease (LBD), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). These pathologies are frequently present in mixed forms, i.e., AD plus VaD or AD plus LBD, thus diagnosed as due to multiple etiologies. In this paper, the definitions, criteria, pathologies, subtypes and genetic markers for the most common age-related major NCD subtypes are summarized. The current diagnostic criteria consider cognitive decline leading to major NCD or dementia as a progressive degenerative process with an underlying neuropathology that begins before the manifestation of symptoms. Biomarkers associated with this asymptomatic phase are being developed as accurate risk factor and biomarker assessments are fundamental to provide timely treatment since no treatments to prevent or cure NCD yet exist. Biological fluid assessment represents a safer, cheaper and less invasive method compared to contrast imaging studies to predict NCD appearance. Genetic factors particularly have a key role not only in predicting development of the disease but also the age of onset as well as the presentation of comorbidities that may contribute to the disease pathology and trigger synergistic mechanisms which may, in turn, accelerate the neurodegenerative process and its resultant behavioral and functional disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R A Prado-Alcala
- Departamento de Neurobiologia Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiologia, Campus UNAM Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Boulevard Universitario # 3001, Juriquilla, Queretaro. C. P. 76230, Queretaro, Mexico.
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