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Lee HY, Park I, Luu MP, Zhao J, Vu JP, Cisneros E, Berman BD, Jinnah HA, Kim HJ, Liu CY, Perlmutter JS, Richardson SP, Weissbach A, Stebbins GT, Peterson DA. Interrater reliability of motor severity scales for hemifacial spasm. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:1269-1279. [PMID: 37466750 PMCID: PMC10480239 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02667-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
To compare the inter-rater reliability (IRR) of five clinical rating scales for video-based assessment of hemifacial spasm (HFS) motor severity. We evaluated the video recordings of 45 HFS participants recruited through the Dystonia Coalition. In Round 1, six clinicians with expertise in HFS assessed the participants' motor severity with five scales used to measure motor severity of HFS: the Jankovic rating scale (JRS), Hemifacial Spasm Grading Scale (HSGS), Samsung Medical Center (SMC) grading system for severity of HFS spasms (Lee's scale), clinical grading of spasm intensity (Chen's scale), and a modified version of the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (Tunc's scale). In Round 2, clinicians rated the same cohort with simplified scale wording after consensus training. For each round, we evaluated the IRR using the intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC (2,1) single-rater, absolute-agreement, 2-way random model]. The scales exhibited IRR that ranged from "poor" to "moderate"; the mean ICCs were 0.41, 0.43, 0.47, 0.43, and 0.65 for the JRS, HSGS, Lee's, Chen's, and Tunc's scales, respectively, for Round 1. In Round 2, the corresponding IRRs increased to 0.63, 0.60, 0.59, 0.53, and 0.71. In both rounds, Tunc's scale exhibited the highest IRR. For clinical assessments of HFS motor severity based on video observations, we recommend using Tunc's scale because of its comparative reliability and because clinicians interpret the scale easily without modifications or the need for consensus training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Yeon Lee
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ingyun Park
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Minnie P Luu
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jerry Zhao
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jeanne P Vu
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Cisneros
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brian D Berman
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - H A Jinnah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Han-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology and Movement Disorders Centre, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Catherine Y Liu
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Oculofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Departments of Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy, and Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah Pirio Richardson
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Neurology Service, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anne Weissbach
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Glenn T Stebbins
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - David A Peterson
- Institute for Neural Computation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Jost WH, Laskawi R, Palmowski-Wolfe A, Spittau B, Urban PP. [Therapy of Hemifacial Spasm with Botulinum Toxin: an Update]. FORTSCHRITTE DER NEUROLOGIE-PSYCHIATRIE 2022; 90:37-41. [PMID: 35021244 DOI: 10.1055/a-1677-4008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Injections of botulinum toxin can be viewed by now as the therapy of choice in treating hemifacial spasm (HFS). Each of the three botulinum toxin-A preparations have been approved for this indication in Germany. HFS is a frequent disease characterized by involuntary contractions of the muscles of one half of the face innervated by the facial nerve. The symptoms can be either tonic or clonic, intermittant or permanent. Diagnosis is based purely on clinical observation. A magnetic resonance imagingof the skull is appropriate to demonstrate nerve-vessel contact as most frequent cause and to exclude other pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rainer Laskawi
- Hals-Nasen-Ohrenklinik, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen
| | | | - Björn Spittau
- Anatomie und Zellbiologie, Medizinische Fakultät OWL, Universität Bielefeld
| | - Peter P Urban
- Asklepios Klinik Barmbek, Abt. für Neurologie, Hamburg
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Tambasco N, Filidei M, Nigro P, Parnetti L, Simoni S. Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Hemifacial Spasm: An Update on Clinical Studies. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13120881. [PMID: 34941718 PMCID: PMC8706367 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13120881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary contractions of the facial muscles innervated by the seventh cranial nerve. Generally, it is associated with a poor quality of life due to social embarrassment and can lead to functional blindness. Moreover, it is a chronic condition, and spontaneous recovery is rare. Intramuscular injections of Botulinum Toxin (BoNT) are routinely used as HFS treatment. METHODS We reviewed published articles between 1991 and 2021 regarding the effectiveness and safety of BoNT in HFS as well as any reported differences among BoNT formulations. RESULTS The efficacy of BoNT for HFS treatment ranged from 73% to 98.4%. The mean duration of the effect was around 12 weeks. Effectiveness did not decrease over time. Adverse effects were usually mild and transient. The efficacy and tolerability of the different preparations appeared to be similar. Among the studies, dosage, injected muscles, intervals of treatment, and rating scales were variable, thus leading to challenges in comparing the results. CONCLUSIONS BoNT was the treatment of choice for HFS due to its efficacy and safety profile. Further studies are needed to investigate the factors that influence the outcome, including the optimal timing of treatment, injection techniques, dosage, and the best selection criteria for formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tambasco
- Movement Disorders Center, Neurology Department, Perugia General Hospital and University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
- Neurology Department, Perugia General Hospital and University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (M.F.); (L.P.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Filidei
- Neurology Department, Perugia General Hospital and University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (M.F.); (L.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Pasquale Nigro
- Movement Disorders Center, Neurology Department, Perugia General Hospital and University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Lucilla Parnetti
- Neurology Department, Perugia General Hospital and University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (M.F.); (L.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Simone Simoni
- Neurology Department, Perugia General Hospital and University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy; (M.F.); (L.P.); (S.S.)
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