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Rekik A, Santoro C, Poplawska-Domaszewicz K, Qamar MA, Batzu L, Landolfo S, Rota S, Falup-Pecurariu C, Murasan I, Chaudhuri KR. Parkinson's disease and vitamins: a focus on vitamin B12. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024:10.1007/s00702-024-02769-z. [PMID: 38602571 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has been linked to a vast array of vitamins among which vitamin B12 (Vit B12) is the most relevant and often investigated specially in the context of intrajejunal levodopa infusion therapy. Vit B12 deficiency, itself, has been reported to cause acute parkinsonism. Nevertheless, concrete mechanisms through which B12 deficiency interacts with PD in terms of pathophysiology, clinical manifestation and progression remains unclear. Recent studies have suggested that Vit B12 deficiency along with the induced hyperhomocysteinemia are correlated with specific PD phenotypes characterized with early postural instability and falls and more rapid motor progression, cognitive impairment, visual hallucinations and autonomic dysfunction. Specific clinical features such as polyneuropathy have also been linked to Vit B12 deficiency specifically in context of intrajejunal levodopa therapy. In this review, we explore the link between Vit B12 and PD in terms of physiopathology regarding dysfunctional neural pathways, neuropathological processes as well as reviewing the major clinical traits of Vit B12 deficiency in PD and Levodopa-mediated neuropathy. Finally, we provide an overview of the therapeutic effect of Vit B12 supplementation in PD and posit a practical guideline for Vit B12 testing and supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Rekik
- Department of Neurology of Sahloul Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia.
- Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Carlo Santoro
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100, Bari, Italy
| | - Karolina Poplawska-Domaszewicz
- Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355, Poznan, Poland
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - Mubasher Ahmad Qamar
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Lucia Batzu
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Salvatore Landolfo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70100, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Rota
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Cristian Falup-Pecurariu
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036, Brasov, Romania
- Department of Neurology, County Clinic Hospital, Brasov, Romania
| | - Iulia Murasan
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036, Brasov, Romania
| | - Kallol Ray Chaudhuri
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
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Ikenaka K, Kajiyama Y, Aguirre C, Choong C, Taniguchi S, Doi J, Wang N, Ajiki T, Ogawa K, Kakuda K, Kimura Y, Mochizuki H. Decreased hepatic enzymes reflect the decreased vitamin B6 levels in Parkinson's disease patients. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1174. [PMID: 38287715 PMCID: PMC10825373 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the vitamin B6 levels in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and their association with liver enzymes and evaluate how much dysregulation is associated with levodopa dose. Furthermore, to evaluate the effect of Opicapone, a catechol-o-methyl-transferase inhibitor, on vitamin B6 levels by monitoring the AST and ALT levels in patients treated with Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel Infusion (LCIG). For these aims, serum vitamin B6 levels were measured (PD, n = 72 and controls, n = 31). The vitamin B6 level was compared with the total levodopa dose, clinical parameters, and blood homocysteine, albumin, and hemoglobin levels in PD patients. Correlations between vitamin B6 levels and AST and ALT levels, as well as the ratio ALT/AST, were analyzed. Changes in the AST and ALT levels and ALT/AST were analyzed in the patients treated with LCIG before and after the therapy (n = 24) and in the patients treated with LCIG + Opicapone before and after Opicapone treatment (n = 12). We found vitamin B6 levels were significantly lower in PD patients. Total levodopa dose and albumin levels were independently associated with vitamin B6 levels. Decreased vitamin B6 levels appeared as lower AST and ALT levels and ALT/AS. Treatment with LCIG decreased the AST and ALT levels and ALT/AST. Adjunctive therapy with Opicapone to LCIG ameliorated the decreased ALT and ALT/AST. We conclude that the ALT and ALT/AST can be useful parameters for monitoring vitamin B6 levels and Opicapone can ameliorate the dysregulated vitamin B6 in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of NeurologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Yuta Kajiyama
- Department of NeurologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - César Aguirre
- Department of NeurologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Chi‐Jing Choong
- Department of NeurologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Seira Taniguchi
- Department of NeurologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Junko Doi
- Department of NeurologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of NeurologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Takahiro Ajiki
- Department of NeurologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Kotaro Ogawa
- Department of NeurologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Keita Kakuda
- Department of NeurologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Yasuyoshi Kimura
- Department of NeurologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of NeurologyOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
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