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Lei R, Kuang R, Peng X, Jiao Z, Zhao Z, Cong H, Fan Z, Zhang Y. Portable rapid detection of maize chlorotic mottle virus using RT-RAA/CRISPR-Cas12a based lateral flow assay. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1088544. [PMID: 36938014 PMCID: PMC10021709 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1088544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maize lethal necrosis seriously threatens maize production worldwide, which was caused by coinfection by maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and a potyvirid. To effectively control maize lethal necrosis, it is vital to develop a rapid, sensitive, and specific detection method for the early diagnosis of MCMV in host plant tissues. METHODS We established a rapid detection procedure by combining the one-step reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification (one-step RT-RAA) and CRISPR/Cas12a-based lateral flow assay in one tube (one-tube one-step RT-RAA/CRISPR-Cas12a), which can be implemented on a portable metal incubator at 37~42°C. Furthermore, the crude extract of total RNA from plant materials using alkaline-PEG buffer can be directly used as the template for one-step RT-RAA. RESULTS The developed one-tube one-step RT-RAA/CRISPR-Cas12a lateral flow assay can detect as low as 2.5 copies of the coat protein (CP) gene of MCMV and 0.96 pg of the total RNA extracted from MCMV infected maize leaves. Furthermore, the MCMV infected maize leaves at 5 dpi having no obvious symptoms was detected as weak positive. DISCUSSION The crude extraction method of total RNA from plant materials required no complicated device, and all the procedures could be implemented at room temperature and on a portable metal incubator, costing a total time of about 1h. The one-step RT-RAA reagents and CRISPR/Cas12a reagents can be lyophilized for easy storage and transportation of reagents, which makes this method more feasible for the filed detection. This method presents rapidness, robustness and on-site features in detecting viral RNA, and is a promising tool for the field application in minimally equipped laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Lei
- Institute of Plant Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Ruirui Kuang
- Institute of Plant Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanzi Peng
- Institute of Plant Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhao
- Institute of Plant Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Haolong Cong
- Institute of Plant Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Zaifeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology and MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Inspection and Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
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Johnmark O, Indieka S, Liu G, Gowda M, Suresh LM, Zhang W, Gao X. Fighting Death for Living: Recent Advances in Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease Resistance. Viruses 2022; 14:2765. [PMID: 36560769 PMCID: PMC9784999 DOI: 10.3390/v14122765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) disease, caused by a synergistic co-infection of maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and any member of the Potyviridae family, was first reported in EasternAfrica (EA) a decade ago. It is one of the most devastating threats to maize production in these regions since it can lead up to 100% crop loss. Conventional counter-measures have yielded some success; however, they are becoming less effective in controlling MLN. In EA, the focus has been on the screening and identification of resistant germplasm, dissecting genetic and the molecular basis of the disease resistance, as well as employing modern breeding technologies to develop novel varieties with improved resistance. CIMMYT and scientists from NARS partner organizations have made tremendous progresses in the screening and identification of the MLN-resistant germplasm. Quantitative trait loci mapping and genome-wide association studies using diverse, yet large, populations and lines were conducted. These remarkable efforts have yielded notable outcomes, such as the successful identification of elite resistant donor lines KS23-5 and KS23-6 and their use in breeding, as well as the identification of multiple MLN-tolerance promising loci clustering on Chr 3 and Chr 6. Furthermore, with marker-assisted selection and genomic selection, the above-identified germplasms and loci have been incorporated into elite maize lines in a maize breeding program, thus generating novel varieties with improved MLN resistance levels. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for MLN resistance require further elucidation. Due to third generation sequencing technologies as well functional genomics tools such as genome-editing and DH technology, it is expected that the breeding time for MLN resistance in farmer-preferred maize varieties in EA will be efficient and shortened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyino Johnmark
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- China and Kenya Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Crop Molecular Biology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Egerton University, Njoro P.O. Box 536-20115, Kenya
| | - Stephen Indieka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Egerton University, Njoro P.O. Box 536-20115, Kenya
| | - Gaoqiong Liu
- Crops Soils and Horticulture Department, Egerton University, Njoro P.O. Box 536-20115, Kenya
| | - Manje Gowda
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF Campus, UN Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi P.O. Box 1041-00621, Kenya
| | - L. M. Suresh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRAF Campus, UN Avenue, Gigiri, Nairobi P.O. Box 1041-00621, Kenya
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- China and Kenya Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Crop Molecular Biology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiquan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- China and Kenya Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Crop Molecular Biology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Zhang C, Wang D, Li W, Zhang B, Abdel-Fattah Ouf GM, Su X, Li J. The coat protein p25 from maize chlorotic mottle virus involved in symptom development and systemic movement of tobacco mosaic virus hybrids. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:951479. [PMID: 35992724 PMCID: PMC9389212 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.951479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral coat protein (CP) has numerous critical functions in plant infection, but little is known about p25, the CP of maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV; Machlomovirus), which causes severe yield losses in maize worldwide. Here, we investigated the roles of p25 in pathogenicity and systemic movement, as well as potential interactions with host plants, using a hybrid tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-based expression system. Highly conserved protein p25 is predicted to contain a membrane-anchored nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence and an extracellular sequence. In transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants containing the movement protein (MP) of TMV (TMV-MP), p25 induced severe symptoms, including dwarf and foliar necrosis, and was detected in inoculated and non-inoculated leaves. After the deletion of NLS from nuclear-located p25, the protein was found throughout the host cell, and plant stunting and starch granule deformity were reduced. Systemic movement and pathogenicity were significantly impaired when the C-terminal regions of p25 were absent. Using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), the transcript level of heat shock protein HSP90 was distinctly lower in host plants in association with the absence of leaf necrosis induced by TMV-p25. Our results revealed crucial roles for MCMV p25 in viral pathogenicity, long-distance movement, and interactions with N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Di Wang
- Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baolong Zhang
- Excellence and Innovation Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Gamal M. Abdel-Fattah Ouf
- Department of Botany and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Xiaofeng Su
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Translation of Plant RNA Viruses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122499. [PMID: 34960768 PMCID: PMC8708638 DOI: 10.3390/v13122499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant RNA viruses encode essential viral proteins that depend on the host translation machinery for their expression. However, genomic RNAs of most plant RNA viruses lack the classical characteristics of eukaryotic cellular mRNAs, such as mono-cistron, 5′ cap structure, and 3′ polyadenylation. To adapt and utilize the eukaryotic translation machinery, plant RNA viruses have evolved a variety of translation strategies such as cap-independent translation, translation recoding on initiation and termination sites, and post-translation processes. This review focuses on advances in cap-independent translation and translation recoding in plant viruses.
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Status and Epidemiology of Maize Lethal Necrotic Disease in Northern Tanzania. Pathogens 2019; 9:pathogens9010004. [PMID: 31861452 PMCID: PMC7168672 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable control of plant diseases requires a good understanding of the epidemiological aspects such as the biology of the causal pathogens. In the current study, we used RT-PCR and Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) to contribute to the characterization of maize lethal necrotic (MLN) viruses and to identify other possible viruses that could represent a future threat in maize production in Tanzania. RT-PCR screening for Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMV) detected the virus in the majority (97%) of the samples (n=223). Analysis of a subset (n=48) of the samples using NGS-Illumina Miseq detected MCMV and Sugarcane Mosaic Virus (SCMV) at a co-infection of 62%. The analysis further detected Maize streak virus with an 8% incidence in samples where MCMV and SCMV were also detected. In addition, signatures of Maize dwarf mosaic virus, Sorghum mosaic virus, Maize yellow dwarf virus-RMV and Barley yellow dwarf virus were detected with low coverage. Phylogenetic analysis of the viral coat protein showed that isolates of MCMV and SCMV were similar to those previously reported in East Africa and Hebei, China. Besides characterization, we used farmers' interviews and direct field observations to give insights into MLN status in different agro-ecological zones (AEZs) in Kilimanjaro, Mayara, and Arusha. Through the survey, we showed that the prevalence of MLN differed across regions (P = 0.0012) and villages (P < 0.0001) but not across AEZs (P > 0.05). The study shows changing MLN dynamicsin Tanzania and emphasizes the need for regional scientists to utilize farmers' awareness in managing the disease.
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Sitonik C, Suresh LM, Beyene Y, Olsen MS, Makumbi D, Oliver K, Das B, Bright JM, Mugo S, Crossa J, Tarekegne A, Prasanna BM, Gowda M. Genetic architecture of maize chlorotic mottle virus and maize lethal necrosis through GWAS, linkage analysis and genomic prediction in tropical maize germplasm. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:2381-2399. [PMID: 31098757 PMCID: PMC6647133 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Analysis of the genetic architecture of MCMV and MLN resistance in maize doubled-haploid populations revealed QTLs with major effects on chromosomes 3 and 6 that were consistent across genetic backgrounds and environments. Two major-effect QTLs, qMCMV3-108/qMLN3-108 and qMCMV6-17/qMLN6-17, were identified as conferring resistance to both MCMV and MLN. Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) is a serious threat to the food security of maize-growing smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa. The ability of the maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) to interact with other members of the Potyviridae causes severe yield losses in the form of MLN. The objective of the present study was to gain insights and validate the genetic architecture of resistance to MCMV and MLN in maize. We applied linkage mapping to three doubled-haploid populations and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 380 diverse maize lines. For all the populations, phenotypic variation for MCMV and MLN was significant, and heritability was moderate to high. Linkage mapping revealed 13 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for MCMV resistance and 12 QTLs conferring MLN resistance. One major-effect QTL, qMCMV3-108/qMLN3-108, was consistent across populations for both MCMV and MLN resistance. Joint linkage association mapping (JLAM) revealed 18 and 21 main-effect QTLs for MCMV and MLN resistance, respectively. Another major-effect QTL, qMCMV6-17/qMLN6-17, was detected for both MCMV and MLN resistance. The GWAS revealed a total of 54 SNPs (MCMV-13 and MLN-41) significantly associated (P ≤ 5.60 × 10-05) with MCMV and MLN resistance. Most of the GWAS-identified SNPs were within or adjacent to the QTLs detected through linkage mapping. The prediction accuracy for within populations as well as the combined populations is promising; however, the accuracy was low across populations. Overall, MCMV resistance is controlled by a few major and many minor-effect loci and seems more complex than the genetic architecture for MLN resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelang'at Sitonik
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 1041-00621, Village Market, Nairobi, 00621, Kenya
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret (UoE), P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, 30100, Kenya
| | - L M Suresh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 1041-00621, Village Market, Nairobi, 00621, Kenya
| | - Yoseph Beyene
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 1041-00621, Village Market, Nairobi, 00621, Kenya
| | - Michael S Olsen
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 1041-00621, Village Market, Nairobi, 00621, Kenya
| | - Dan Makumbi
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 1041-00621, Village Market, Nairobi, 00621, Kenya
| | - Kiplagat Oliver
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret (UoE), P.O. Box 1125, Eldoret, 30100, Kenya
| | - Biswanath Das
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 1041-00621, Village Market, Nairobi, 00621, Kenya
| | - Jumbo M Bright
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 1041-00621, Village Market, Nairobi, 00621, Kenya
| | - Stephen Mugo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 1041-00621, Village Market, Nairobi, 00621, Kenya
| | - Jose Crossa
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, Texcoco, DF, Mexico
| | - Amsal Tarekegne
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), 12.5 km Peg Mazowe Road, Mount Pleasant, P.O. Box MP163, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Boddupalli M Prasanna
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 1041-00621, Village Market, Nairobi, 00621, Kenya.
| | - Manje Gowda
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), P.O. Box 1041-00621, Village Market, Nairobi, 00621, Kenya.
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Awata LAO, Ifie BE, Tongoona P, Danquah E, Jumbo MB, Gowda M, Marchelo-D’ragga PW, Sitonik C, Suresh LM. Maize lethal necrosis and the molecular basis of variability in concentrations of the causal viruses in co-infected maize plant. JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR VIROLOGY 2019; 9:JGMV-09-01-0073. [PMID: 33381355 PMCID: PMC7753892 DOI: 10.5897/jgmv2019.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease is new to Africa. First report was in Kenya in 2012, since then the disease has rapidly spread to most parts of eastern and central Africa region including Tanzania, Burundi, DRC Congo, Rwanda, Uganda, Ethiopia and similar symptoms were observed in South Sudan. Elsewhere, the disease was caused by infection of Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMV) in combination with any of the potyviruses namely; maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV), sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) and tritimovirus wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). In Africa, the disease occurs due to combined infections of maize by MCMV and SCMV, leading to severe yield losses. Efforts to address the disease spread have been ongoing. Serological techniques including enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), genome-wide association (GWAS) mapping and next generation sequencing have been effectively used to detect and characterize MLN causative pathogens. Various management strategies have been adapted to control MLN including use of resistant varieties, phytosanitary measures and better cultural practices. This review looks at the current knowledge on MLN causative viruses, genetic architecture and molecular basis underlying their synergistic interactions. Lastly, some research gaps towards MLN management will be identified. The information gathered may be useful for developing strategies towards future MLN management and maize improvement in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. A. O. Awata
- Directorate of Research, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Ministries Complex, Parliament Road, P. O. Box 33, Juba, South Sudan
| | - B. E. Ifie
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, PMB 30, Legon, Ghana
| | - P. Tongoona
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, PMB 30, Legon, Ghana
| | - E. Danquah
- West Africa Centre for Crop Improvement (WACCI), College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, PMB 30, Legon, Ghana
| | - M. B. Jumbo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Gigiri. P. O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M. Gowda
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Gigiri. P. O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - P. W. Marchelo-D’ragga
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies, University of Juba, P. O. Box 82 Juba, South Sudan
| | - Chelang’at Sitonik
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Gigiri. P. O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Eldoret, P. O. Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - L. M. Suresh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), United Nations Avenue, Gigiri. P. O. Box 1041-00621, Nairobi, Kenya
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Braidwood L, Quito-Avila DF, Cabanas D, Bressan A, Wangai A, Baulcombe DC. Maize chlorotic mottle virus exhibits low divergence between differentiated regional sub-populations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1173. [PMID: 29352173 PMCID: PMC5775324 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize chlorotic mottle virus has been rapidly spreading around the globe over the past decade. The interactions of maize chlorotic mottle virus with Potyviridae viruses causes an aggressive synergistic viral condition - maize lethal necrosis, which can cause total yield loss. Maize production in sub-Saharan Africa, where it is the most important cereal, is threatened by the arrival of maize lethal necrosis. We obtained maize chlorotic mottle virus genome sequences from across East Africa and for the first time from Ecuador and Hawaii, and constructed a phylogeny which highlights the similarity of Chinese to African isolates, and Ecuadorian to Hawaiian isolates. We used a measure of clustering, the adjusted Rand index, to extract region-specific SNPs and coding variation that can be used for diagnostics. The population genetics analysis we performed shows that the majority of sequence diversity is partitioned between populations, with diversity extremely low within China and East Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Braidwood
- University of Cambridge, Plant Sciences, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom.
| | - Diego F Quito-Avila
- Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnologicas del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politecnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Darlene Cabanas
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore Hall 310, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Alberto Bressan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore Hall 310, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Bayer CropScience LP, R&D Trait Research, 3500 Paramount Parkway, Morrisville, USA
| | - Anne Wangai
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David C Baulcombe
- University of Cambridge, Plant Sciences, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
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Iqbal MS, Jabbar B, Sharif MN, Ali Q, Husnain T, Nasir IA. In silico MCMV Silencing Concludes Potential Host-Derived miRNAs in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:372. [PMID: 28400775 PMCID: PMC5368279 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMV) is a deleterious pathogen which causes Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease (MLND) that results in substantial yield loss of Maize crop worldwide. The positive-sense RNA genome of MCMV (4.4 kb) encodes six proteins: P32 (32 kDa protein), RNA dependent RNA polymerases (P50 and P111), P31 (31 kDa protein), P7 (7 kDa protein), coat protein (25 kDa). P31, P7 and coat protein are encoded from sgRNA1, located at the 3'end of the genome and sgRNA2 is located at the extremity of the 3'genome end. The objective of this study is to locate the possible attachment sites of Zea mays derived miRNAs in the genome of MCMV using four diverse miRNA target prediction algorithms. In total, 321 mature miRNAs were retrieved from miRBase (miRNA database) and were tested for hybridization of MCMV genome. These algorithms considered the parameters of seed pairing, minimum free energy, target site accessibility, multiple target sites, pattern recognition and folding energy for attachment. Out of 321 miRNAs only 10 maize miRNAs are predicted for silencing of MCMV genome. The results of this study can hence act as the first step towards the development of MCMV resistant transgenic Maize plants through expression of the selected miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basit Jabbar
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the PunjabLahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the PunjabLahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Qurban Ali
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the PunjabLahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the PunjabLahore, Pakistan
| | - Idrees A. Nasir
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the PunjabLahore, Pakistan
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Wang Q, Zhang C, Wang C, Qian Y, Li Z, Hong J, Zhou X. Further characterization of Maize chlorotic mottle virus and its synergistic interaction with Sugarcane mosaic virus in maize. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39960. [PMID: 28059116 PMCID: PMC5216416 DOI: 10.1038/srep39960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) was first reported in maize in China in 2009. In this study we further analyzed the epidemiology of MCMV and corn lethal necrosis disease (CLND) in China. We determined that CLND observed in China was caused by co-infection of MCMV and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). Phylogenetic analysis using four full-length MCMV cDNA sequences obtained in this study and the available MCMV sequences retrieved from GenBank indicated that Chinese MCMV isolates were derived from the same source. To screen for maize germplasm resistance against MCMV infection, we constructed an infectious clone of MCMV isolate YN2 (pMCMV) and developed an Agrobacterium-mediated injection procedure to allow high throughput inoculations of maize with the MCMV infectious clone. Electron microscopy showed that chloroplast photosynthesis in leaves was significantly impeded by the co-infection of MCMV and SCMV. Mitochondria in the MCMV and SCMV co-infected cells were more severely damaged than in MCMV-infected cells. The results of this study provide further insight into the epidemiology of MCMV in China and shed new light on physiological and cytopathological changes related to CLND in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, People’s Republic of China
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Stewart LR, Teplier R, Todd JC, Jones MW, Cassone BJ, Wijeratne S, Wijeratne A, Redinbaugh MG. Viruses in maize and Johnsongrass in southern Ohio. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2014; 104:1360-9. [PMID: 24918609 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-13-0221-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The two major U.S. maize viruses, Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) and Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV), emerged in southern Ohio and surrounding regions in the 1960s and caused significant losses. Planting resistant varieties and changing cultural practices has dramatically reduced virus impact in subsequent decades. Current information on the distribution, diversity, and impact of known and potential U.S. maize disease-causing viruses is lacking. To assess the current reservoir of viruses present at the sites of past disease emergence, we used a combination of serological testing and next-generation RNA sequencing approaches. Here, we report enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and RNA-Seq data from samples collected over 2 years to assess the presence of viruses in cultivated maize and an important weedy reservoir, Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). Results revealed a persistent reservoir of MDMV and two strains of MCDV in Ohio Johnsongrass. We identified sequences of several other grass-infecting viruses and confirmed the presence of Wheat mosaic virus in Ohio maize. Together, these results provide important data for managing virus disease in field corn and sweet corn maize crops, and identifying potential future virus threats.
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12
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Wu JX, Wang Q, Liu H, Qian YJ, Xie Y, Zhou XP. Monoclonal antibody-based serological methods for maize chlorotic mottle virus detection in China. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2014; 14:555-62. [PMID: 23825140 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1200275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) infects maize plants and causes significant losses in corn production worldwide. In this study, purified MCMV particles were used as the immunogen to produce monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and polyclonal antibodies (PAbs). Four murine MAbs (4B8, 8C11, 6F4, and 9G1) against MCMV were obtained through the hybridoma technology. The triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA), dot-immunobinding assay (DIBA), and immunocapture reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) using the MAb 4B8 were then developed for sensitive, specific, and rapid detection of MCMV in fields. MCMV could be detected in infected leaf crude extracts at dilutions of 1:327680, 1:64000, and 1:3276800 (w/v, g/ml) by TAS-ELISA, DIBA, and IC-RT-PCR, respectively. One hundred and sixty-one maize field samples showing virus-like symptoms and sixty-nine symptomless maize field samples from ten different provinces of China were collected and screened for the presence of MCMV using the established serological methods. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the full length CP genes and Chinese MCMV isolates formed one branch with Thailand isolates. The detection results demonstrated that MCMV is one of most prevalent viruses infecting maize in the Yunnan and Sichuan provinces of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zhang Y, Zhao W, Li M, Chen H, Zhu S, Fan Z. Real-time TaqMan RT-PCR for detection of maize chlorotic mottle virus in maize seeds. J Virol Methods 2010; 171:292-4. [PMID: 21073900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) causes corn lethal necrosis disease, and can be transmitted through infected maize seeds. It remains a challenge to detect this virus in the seeds to prevent its introduction and infection. For this purpose, a real-time TaqMan RT-PCR procedure for efficient detection of MCMV was developed. The sensitivity of the method was 4 fg of total RNA or 25 copies of RNA transcripts, which was approximately ten-fold higher than conventional RT-PCR gel electrophoresis method. The successful detection of MCMV in maize seeds suggested the feasibility of this procedure for routine testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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