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Shibata A, Hiono T, Fukuhara H, Sumiyoshi R, Ohkawara A, Matsuno K, Okamatsu M, Osaka H, Sakoda Y. Isolation and characterization of avian influenza viruses from raw poultry products illegally imported to Japan by international flight passengers. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65:465-475. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Shibata
- Exotic Disease Inspection Division; Laboratory Department; Animal Quarantine Service; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; Tokoname Aichi Japan
| | - T. Hiono
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Department of Disease Control; Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - H. Fukuhara
- Microbiological Examination Division; Laboratory Department; Animal Quarantine Service; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
| | - R. Sumiyoshi
- Exotic Disease Inspection Division; Laboratory Department; Animal Quarantine Service; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; Tokoname Aichi Japan
| | - A. Ohkawara
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Department of Disease Control; Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - K. Matsuno
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Department of Disease Control; Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE); Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - M. Okamatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Department of Disease Control; Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
| | - H. Osaka
- Exotic Disease Inspection Division; Laboratory Department; Animal Quarantine Service; Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries; Tokoname Aichi Japan
| | - Y. Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology; Department of Disease Control; Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine; Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control; Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE); Hokkaido University; Sapporo Hokkaido Japan
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Ohkawara A, Okamatsu M, Ozawa M, Chu DH, Nguyen LT, Hiono T, Matsuno K, Kida H, Sakoda Y. Antigenic diversity of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 isolated in Asia. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:149-158. [PMID: 28370432 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) have spread in both poultry and wild birds since late 2003. Continued circulation of HPAIV in poultry in several regions of the world has led to antigenic drift. In the present study, we analyzed the antigenic properties of H5 HPAIV isolated in Asia using four neutralizing mAbs recognizing hemagglutinin, which were established using A/chicken/Kumamoto/1-7/2014 (H5N8), belonging to clade 2.3.4.4 and also using polyclonal antibodies. Viruses of clades 1.1, 2.3.2.1, 2.3.4, and 2.3.4.4 had different reactivity patterns to the panel of mAbs, thereby indicating that the antigenicity of the viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 were similar but differed from the other clades. In particular, the antigenicity of the viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 differed from those of the viruses of clades 2.3.4 and 2.3.2.1, which suggests that the recent H5 HPAIV have further evolved antigenically divergent. In addition, reactivity of antiserum suggests that the antigenicity of viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 differed slightly among groups A, B, and C. Vaccines are still used in poultry in endemic countries, so the antigenicity of H5 HPAIV should be monitored continually to facilitate control of avian influenza. The panel of mAbs established in the present study will be useful for detecting antigenic drift in the H5 viruses that emerge from the current strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Ohkawara
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818
| | - Masatoshi Okamatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065.,Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515
| | - Duc-Huy Chu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818
| | - Lam Thanh Nguyen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818
| | - Takahiro Hiono
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan.,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0020, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, North 20, West 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
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Nguyen LT, Nakaishi K, Motojima K, Ohkawara A, Minato E, Maruyama J, Hiono T, Matsuno K, Okamatsu M, Kimura T, Takada A, Kida H, Sakoda Y. Rapid and broad detection of H5 hemagglutinin by an immunochromatographic kit using novel monoclonal antibody against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus belonging to the genetic clade 2.3.4.4. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182228. [PMID: 28787440 PMCID: PMC5546692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of H5 subtype have persistently caused outbreaks in domestic poultry and wild birds worldwide and sporadically infected humans. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is one of the key strategies for the control of H5 HPAIVs. However, the sensitivity of the diagnosis of H5 HPAIVs has gradually reduced due to extensive antigenic variation during their evolution. Particularly, the previously developed immunochromatographic diagnosis kit for H5 viruses, Linjudge Flu A/H5, exhibits reduced detection of H5 HPAIVs isolated in recent years. In the present study, we established a new advanced H5 rapid immunochromatographic detection kit (New Linjudge Flu A/H5) by a combination of two anti-H5 hemagglutinin monoclonal antibodies, A64/1 previously applied in the Linjudge Flu A/H5 and A32/2, a novel monoclonal antibody generated from a clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAIV. The new kit broadly detected all classical and recent H5 influenza viruses and showed a higher specificity and sensitivity than the original Linjudge Flu A/H5 with recently circulating H5 HPAIVs. Furthermore, the applicability of the New Linjudge Flu A/H5 was demonstrated by detecting antigens from the swabs and tissue homogenates of naturally infected birds and experimentally infected chickens with H5N6 HPAIVs belonging to the genetic clade 2.3.4.4. Our study, therefore, can provide an effective point-of-care rapid antigen detection kit for the surveillance of H5 avian influenza viruses and as a prompt countermeasure against the current widespread of the clade 2.3.4.4 H5 HPAIVs in domestic and wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam Thanh Nguyen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | | - Ayako Ohkawara
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Erina Minato
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Junki Maruyama
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hiono
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keita Matsuno
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Okamatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Development of Clade-Specific and Broadly Reactive Live Attenuated Influenza Virus Vaccines against Rapidly Evolving H5 Subtype Viruses. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00547-17. [PMID: 28490598 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00547-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed pandemic live attenuated influenza vaccines (pLAIVs) against clade 1 H5N1 viruses on an Ann Arbor cold-adapted (ca) backbone that induced long-term immune memory. In 2015, many human infections caused by a new clade (clade 2.2.1.1) of goose/Guangdong (gs/GD) lineage H5N1 viruses were reported in Egypt, which prompted updating of the H5N1 pLAIV. We explored two strategies to generate suitable pLAIVs. The first approach was to modify the hemagglutinin gene of a highly pathogenic wild-type (wt) clade 2.2.1.1 virus, A/Egypt/N03434/2009 (Egy/09) (H5N1), with its unmodified neuraminidase (NA) gene; this virus was designated Egy/09 ca The second approach was to select a low-pathogenicity avian influenza H5 virus that elicited antibodies that cross-reacted with a broad range of H5 viruses, including the Egypt H5N1 viruses, and contained a novel NA subtype for humans. We selected the low-pathogenicity A/duck/Hokkaido/69/2000 (H5N3) (dk/Hok/00) virus for this purpose. Both candidate vaccines were attenuated and immunogenic in ferrets, inducing antibodies that neutralized homologous and heterologous H5 viruses with different degrees of cross-reactivity; Egy/09 ca vaccine antisera were more specific for the gs/GD lineage viruses but did not neutralize recent North American isolates (clade 2.3.4.4), whereas antisera from dk/Hok/69 ca-vaccinated ferrets cross-reacted with clade 2.3.4.4 and 2.2.1 viruses but not clade 1 or 2.1 viruses. When vaccinated ferrets were challenged with homologous and heterologous H5 viruses, challenge virus replication was reduced in the respiratory tract. Thus, the two H5 pLAIV candidates are suitable for clinical development to protect humans from infection with different clades of H5 viruses.IMPORTANCE In response to the continuing evolution of H5N1 avian influenza viruses and human infections, new candidate H5 live attenuated vaccines were developed by using two different approaches: one targeted a specific circulating strain in Egypt, and the other was based on a virus that elicits broadly cross-reactive antibodies against a wide range of H5 viruses. Both candidate vaccines were immunogenic and exhibited protective efficacy in ferrets. Our study permits a comparison of the two approaches, and the data support the further development of both vaccine viruses to optimally prepare for the further spread of clade 2.2.1 or 2.3.4.4 viruses.
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Genetic and antigenic characterization of H5 and H7 influenza viruses isolated from migratory water birds in Hokkaido, Japan and Mongolia from 2010 to 2014. Virus Genes 2015; 51:57-68. [PMID: 26036326 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-015-1214-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Migratory water birds are the natural reservoir of influenza A viruses. H5 and H7 influenza viruses are isolated over the world and also circulate among poultry in Asia. In 2010, two H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) were isolated from fecal samples of water birds on the flyway of migration from Siberia, Russia to the south in Hokkaido, Japan. H7N9 viruses are sporadically isolated from humans and circulate in poultry in China. To monitor whether these viruses have spread in the wild bird population, we conducted virological surveillance of avian influenza in migratory water birds in autumn from 2010 to 2014. A total of 8103 fecal samples from migratory water birds were collected in Japan and Mongolia, and 350 influenza viruses including 13 H5 and 19 H7 influenza viruses were isolated. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that all isolates are genetically closely related to viruses circulating among wild water birds. The results of the antigenic analysis indicated that the antigenicity of viruses in wild water birds is highly stable despite their nucleotide sequence diversity but is distinct from that of HPAIVs recently isolated in Asia. The present results suggest that HPAIVs and Chinese H7N9 viruses were not predominantly circulating in migratory water birds; however, continued monitoring of H5 and H7 influenza viruses both in domestic and wild birds is recommended for the control of avian influenza.
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Haredy AM, Yamada H, Sakoda Y, Okamatsu M, Yamamoto N, Omasa T, Mori Y, Kida H, Okamoto S, Okuno Y, Yamanishi K. Neuraminidase gene homology contributes to the protective activity of influenza vaccines prepared from the influenza virus library. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2365-2371. [PMID: 25053564 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.067488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-virus (WV) vaccines from influenza A/duck/Hokkaido/77 (H3N2), and its reassortant strains H3N4, H3N5 and H3N7, which have the same haemagglutinin (HA) gene but different neuraminidase (NA) genes, were prepared from our influenza virus library. Mice were intranasally immunized with equivalent doses of each vaccine (1-0.01 µg per mouse). All of the mice that received the highest dose of each vaccine (1 µg per mouse) showed equivalent high HA-inhibiting (HI) antibody titres and survived the H3N2 challenge viruses. However, mice that received lower doses of vaccine (0.1 or 0.01 µg per mouse) containing a heterologous NA had lower survival rates than those given the H3N2-based vaccine. The lungs of mice challenged with H3N2 virus showed a significantly higher virus clearance rate when the vaccine contained the homologous NA (N2) versus a heterologous NA, suggesting that NA contributed to the protection, especially when the HI antibody level was low. These results suggested that, even if vaccines prepared for a possible upcoming pandemic do not induce sufficient HI antibodies, WV vaccines can still be effective through other matched proteins such as NA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Haredy
- Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), Kagawa, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Virology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Laboratory of Virology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Okamatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Omasa
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuko Mori
- Division of Clinical Virology, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Laboratory of Virology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shigefumi Okamoto
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.,Laboratory of Virology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Okuno
- Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), Kagawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Yamanishi
- Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University (BIKEN), Kagawa, Japan.,Laboratory of Virology and Vaccinology, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka, Japan
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Okamatsu M, Nishi T, Nomura N, Yamamoto N, Sakoda Y, Sakurai K, Chu HD, Thanh LP, Van Nguyen L, Van Hoang N, Tien TN, Yoshida R, Takada A, Kida H. The genetic and antigenic diversity of avian influenza viruses isolated from domestic ducks, muscovy ducks, and chickens in northern and southern Vietnam, 2010–2012. Virus Genes 2013; 47:317-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-013-0954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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An MDCK cell culture-derived formalin-inactivated influenza virus whole-virion vaccine from an influenza virus library confers cross-protective immunity by intranasal administration in mice. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:998-1007. [PMID: 23637045 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00024-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It is currently impossible to predict the next pandemic influenza virus strain. We have thus established a library of influenza viruses of all hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes and their genes. In this article, we examine the applicability of a rapid production model for the preparation of vaccines against emerging pandemic influenza viruses. This procedure utilizes the influenza virus library, cell culture-based vaccine production, and intranasal administration to induce a cross-protective immune response. First, an influenza virus reassortant from the library, A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-3/2007 (H5N1), was passaged 22 times (P22) in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The P22 virus had a titer of >2 ×10(8) PFU/ml, which was 40 times that of the original strain, with 4 point mutations, which altered amino acids in the deduced protein sequences encoded by the PB2 and PA genes. We then produced a formalin-inactivated whole-virion vaccine from the MDCK cell-cultured A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-3/2007 (H5N1) P22 virus. Intranasal immunization of mice with this vaccine protected them against challenges with lethal influenza viruses of homologous and heterologous subtypes. We further demonstrated that intranasal immunization with the vaccine induced cross-reactive neutralizing antibody responses against the homotypic H5N1 influenza virus and its antigenic variants and cross-reactive cell-mediated immune responses to the homologous virus, its variants within a subtype, and even an influenza virus of a different subtype. These results indicate that a rapid model for emergency vaccine production may be effective for producing the next generation of pandemic influenza virus vaccines.
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Shichinohe S, Okamatsu M, Yamamoto N, Noda Y, Nomoto Y, Honda T, Takikawa N, Sakoda Y, Kida H. Potency of an inactivated influenza vaccine prepared from a non-pathogenic H5N1 virus against a challenge with antigenically drifted highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chickens. Vet Microbiol 2013; 164:39-45. [PMID: 23462521 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antigenic variants of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) have selected and are prevailing in poultry populations in Asia. In the present study, the potency of inactivated influenza vaccine prepared from a non-pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus, A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-3/2007 (H5N1), was assessed by challenging with H5N1 HPAIV variants, A/muscovy duck/Vietnam/OIE-559/2011 (H5N1), A/whooper swan/Hokkaido/4/2011 (H5N1), and A/peregrine falcon/Hong Kong/810/2009 (H5N1) belonging to clades 1, 2.3.2.1, and 2.3.4, respectively. All chickens immunized with the Vac-3 vaccine survived without showing any clinical signs after intranasal challenge either with A/whooper swan/Hokkaido/4/2011 (H5N1) or A/muscovy duck/Vietnam/OIE-559/2011 (H5N1). After challenge with A/peregrine falcon/Hong Kong/810/2009 (H5N1), 10 out of 12 vaccinated chickens survived and the other 2 died on 4 or 7 post-challenge days. The Vac-3 vaccine of 2.4-fold antigen concentration conferred complete protective immunity in chickens against challenge with A/peregrine falcon/Hong Kong/810/2009 (H5N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Shichinohe
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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10
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Okamatsu M, Sakoda Y, Hiono T, Yamamoto N, Kida H. Potency of a vaccine prepared from A/swine/Hokkaido/2/1981 (H1N1) against A/Narita/1/2009 (H1N1) pandemic influenza virus strain. Virol J 2013; 10:47. [PMID: 23384324 PMCID: PMC3571931 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pandemic 2009 (H1N1) influenza virus has spread throughout the world and is now causing seasonal influenza. To prepare for the emergence of pandemic influenza, we have established a library of virus strains isolated from birds, pigs, and humans in global surveillance studies. Methods Inactivated whole virus particle (WV) and ether-split (ES) vaccines were prepared from an influenza virus strain, A/swine/Hokkaido/2/1981 (H1N1), from the library and from A/Narita/1/2009 (H1N1) pandemic strain. Each of the vaccines was injected subcutaneously into mice and their potencies were evaluated by challenge with A/Narita/1/2009 (H1N1) virus strain in mice. Results A/swine/Hokkaido/2/81 (H1N1), which was isolated from the lung of a diseased piglet, was selected on the basis of their antigenicity and growth capacity in embryonated chicken eggs. Two injections of the WV vaccine induced an immune response in mice, decreasing the impact of disease caused by the challenge with A/Narita/1/2009 (H1N1), as did the vaccine prepared from the homologous strain. Conclusion The WV vaccine prepared from an influenza virus in the library is useful as an emergency vaccine in the early phase of pandemic influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Okamatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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11
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SODA K, USUI T, UNO Y, YONEDA K, YAMAGUCHI T, ITO T. Pathogenicity of an H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Isolated in the 2010–2011 Winter in Japan to Mandarin Ducks. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:619-24. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke SODA
- Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4–101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680–8553, Japan
| | - Tatsufumi USUI
- Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4–101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680–8553, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4–101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680–8553, Japan
| | - Yukiko UNO
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4–101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680–8553, Japan
| | - Kumiko YONEDA
- Japan Wildlife Research Center, 3–10–10 Taitou-ku, Tokyo 110–8676, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi YAMAGUCHI
- Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4–101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680–8553, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4–101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680–8553, Japan
| | - Toshihiro ITO
- Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4–101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680–8553, Japan
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4–101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680–8553, Japan
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12
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Sakurai A, Takayama K, Nomura N, Munakata T, Yamamoto N, Tamura T, Yamada J, Hashimoto M, Kuwahara K, Sakoda Y, Suda Y, Kobayashi Y, Sakaguchi N, Kida H, Kohara M, Shibasaki F. Broad-spectrum detection of H5 subtype influenza A viruses with a new fluorescent immunochromatography system. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76753. [PMID: 24223117 PMCID: PMC3819354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunochromatography (IC) is an antigen-detection assay that plays an important role in the rapid diagnosis of influenza virus because the protocol is short time and easy to use. Despite the usability of IC, the sensitivity is approximately 10(3) pfu per reaction. In addition, antigen-antibody interaction-based method cannot be used for the detection of influenza viruses with major antigenic change. In this study, we established the use of fluorescent immunochromatography (FLIC) to detect a broad spectrum of H5 subtype influenza A viruses. This method has improved sensitivity 10-100 fold higher than traditional IC because of the use of fluorescent conjugated beads. Our Type-E FLIC kit detected all of the H5 subtype influenza viruses that were examined, as well as recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) proteins (rHAs) belonging to the Eurasian H5 subtype viruses and the Type-N diagnosed North American H5 subtype influenza A viruses. Thus, this kit has the improved potential to detect H5 subtype influenza viruses of different clades with both Type-E and Type-N FLIC kits. Compared with PCR-based diagnosis, FLIC has a strong advantage in usability, because the sample preparation required for FLIC is only mix-and-drop without any additional steps such as RNA extraction. Our results can provide new strategies against the spread and transmission of HPAI H5N1 viruses in birds and mammals including humans.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Immobilized/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibody Specificity
- Chromatography, Affinity
- Dogs
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoassay
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza, Human/diagnosis
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Limit of Detection
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
- Spectrometry, Fluorescence
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Medical Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Namiko Nomura
- Department of Molecular Medical Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Munakata
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Masako Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Medical Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kuwahara
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | - Nobuo Sakaguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Futoshi Shibasaki
- Department of Molecular Medical Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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13
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Wada A, Sakoda Y, Oyamada T, Kida H. Development of a highly sensitive immunochromatographic detection kit for H5 influenza virus hemagglutinin using silver amplification. J Virol Methods 2011; 178:82-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Sakoda Y, Ito H, Uchida Y, Okamatsu M, Yamamoto N, Soda K, Nomura N, Kuribayashi S, Shichinohe S, Sunden Y, Umemura T, Usui T, Ozaki H, Yamaguchi T, Murase T, Ito T, Saito T, Takada A, Kida H. Reintroduction of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus by migratory water birds, causing poultry outbreaks in the 2010-2011 winter season in Japan. J Gen Virol 2011; 93:541-550. [PMID: 22113008 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.037572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) was reintroduced and caused outbreaks in chickens in the 2010-2011 winter season in Japan, which had been free from highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) since 2007 when HPAI outbreaks occurred and were controlled. On 14 October 2010 at Lake Ohnuma, Wakkanai, the northernmost part of Hokkaido, Japan, H5N1 HPAIVs were isolated from faecal samples of ducks flying from their nesting lakes in Siberia. Since then, in Japan, H5N1 HPAIVs have been isolated from 63 wild birds in 17 prefectures and caused HPAI outbreaks in 24 chicken farms in nine prefectures by the end of March in 2011. Each of these isolates was genetically closely related to the HPAIV isolates at Lake Ohnuma, and those in China, Mongolia, Russia and Korea, belonging to genetic clade 2.3.2.1. In addition, these isolates were genetically classified into three groups, suggesting that the viruses were transmitted by migratory water birds through at least three different routes from their northern territory to Japan. These isolates were antigenic variants, which is consistent with selection in poultry under the immunological pressure induced by vaccination. To prevent the perpetuation of viruses in the lakes where water birds nest in summer in Siberia, prompt eradication of HPAIVs in poultry is urgently needed in Asian countries where HPAI has not been controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Sakoda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yuko Uchida
- Research Team for Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Okamatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kosuke Soda
- Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Naoki Nomura
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Saya Kuribayashi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shintaro Shichinohe
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yuji Sunden
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Takashi Umemura
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Tatsufumi Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.,Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroichi Ozaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.,Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.,Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Murase
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.,Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Avian Zoonosis Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Takehiko Saito
- Research Team for Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba 305-0856, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan.,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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15
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Yamamoto N, Sakoda Y, Motoshima M, Yoshino F, Soda K, Okamatsu M, Kida H. Characterization of a non-pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus isolated from a migratory duck flying from Siberia in Hokkaido, Japan, in October 2009. Virol J 2011; 8:65. [PMID: 21310090 PMCID: PMC3048565 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection with H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of domestic poultry and wild birds has spread to more than 60 countries in Eurasia and Africa. It is concerned that HPAIVs may be perpetuated in the lakes in Siberia where migratory water birds nest in summer. To monitor whether HPAIVs circulate in migratory water birds, intensive surveillance of avian influenza has been performed in Mongolia and Japan in autumn each year. Until 2008, there had not been any H5N1 viruses isolated from migratory water birds that flew from their nesting lakes in Siberia. In autumn 2009, A/mallard/Hokkaido/24/09 (H5N1) (Mal/Hok/24/09) was isolated from a fecal sample of a mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) that flew from Siberia to Hokkaido, Japan. The isolate was assessed for pathogenicity in chickens, domestic ducks, and quails and analyzed antigenically and phylogenetically. Results No clinical signs were observed in chickens inoculated intravenously with Mal/Hok/24/09 (H5N1). There was no viral replication in chickens inoculated intranasally with the isolate. None of the domestic ducks and quails inoculated intranasally with the isolate showed any clinical signs. There were no multiple basic amino acid residues at the cleavage site of the hemagglutinin (HA) of the isolate. Each gene of Mal/Hok/24/09 (H5N1) is phylogenetically closely related to that of influenza viruses isolated from migratory water birds that flew from their nesting lakes in autumn. Additionally, the antigenicity of the HA of the isolate was similar to that of the viruses isolated from migratory water birds in Hokkaido that flew from their northern territory in autumn and different from those of HPAIVs isolated from birds found dead in China, Mongolia, and Japan on the way back to their northern territory in spring. Conclusion Mal/Hok/24/09 (H5N1) is a non-pathogenic avian influenza virus for chickens, domestic ducks, and quails, and is antigenically and genetically distinct from the H5N1 HPAIVs prevailing in birds in Eurasia and Africa. H5 viruses with the HA gene of HPAIV had not been isolated from migratory water birds in the surveillance until 2009, indicating that H5N1 HPAIVs had not become dominant in their nesting lakes in Siberia until 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamamoto
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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16
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Soda K, Asakura S, Okamatsu M, Sakoda Y, Kida H. H9N2 influenza virus acquires intravenous pathogenicity on the introduction of a pair of di-basic amino acid residues at the cleavage site of the hemagglutinin and consecutive passages in chickens. Virol J 2011; 8:64. [PMID: 21310053 PMCID: PMC3048564 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Outbreaks of avian influenza (AI) caused by infection with low pathogenic H9N2 viruses have occurred in poultry, resulting in serious economic losses in Asia and the Middle East. It has been difficult to eradicate the H9N2 virus because of its low pathogenicity, frequently causing in apparent infection. It is important for the control of AI to assess whether the H9N2 virus acquires pathogenicity as H5 and H7 viruses. In the present study, we investigated whether a non-pathogenic H9N2 virus, A/chicken/Yokohama/aq-55/2001 (Y55) (H9N2), acquires pathogenicity in chickens when a pair of di-basic amino acid residues is introduced at the cleavage site of its HA molecule. Results rgY55sub (H9N2), which had four basic amino acid residues at the HA cleavage site, replicated in MDCK cells in the absence of trypsin after six consecutive passages in the air sacs of chicks, and acquired intravenous pathogenicity to chicken after four additional passages. More than 75% of chickens inoculated intravenously with the passaged virus, rgY55sub-P10 (H9N2), died, indicating that it is pathogenic comparable to that of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) defined by World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). The chickens inoculated with the virus via the intranasal route, however, survived without showing any clinical signs. On the other hand, an avirulent H5N1 strain, A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-1/2004 (Vac1) (H5N1), acquired intranasal pathogenicity after a pair of di-basic amino acid residues was introduced into the cleavage site of the HA, followed by two passages by air sac inoculation in chicks. Conclusion The present results demonstrate that an H9N2 virus has the potential to acquire intravenous pathogenicity in chickens although the morbidity via the nasal route of infection is lower than that of H5N1 HPAIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Soda
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
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17
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Soda K, Cheng MC, Yoshida H, Endo M, Lee SH, Okamatsu M, Sakoda Y, Wang CH, Kida H. A low pathogenic H5N2 influenza virus isolated in Taiwan acquired high pathogenicity by consecutive passages in chickens. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:767-72. [PMID: 21301183 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
H5N2 viruses were isolated from cloacal swab samples of apparently healthy chickens in Taiwan in 2003 and 2008 during surveillance of avian influenza. Each of the viruses was eradicated by stamping out. The official diagnosis report indicated that the Intravenous Pathogenicity Indexes (IVPIs) of the isolates were 0.00 and 0.89, respectively, indicating that these were low pathogenic strains, although the hemagglutinin of the strain isolated in 2008 (Taiwan08) had multibasic amino acid residues at the cleavage site (PQRKKR/G). In the present study, these H5N2 viruses were assessed for their intravenous and intranasal pathogenicity for chickens. It was examined whether Taiwan08 acquires pathogenicity through consecutive passages in chickens. Intravenous pathogenicity of Taiwan08 depended upon the age of the chickens used for the IVPI test; all of the eight-week-old chickens intravenously inoculated with Taiwan08 showed clinical signs but survived for ten days post inoculation (IVPI=0.68), whereas all the six-week-old chickens died (IVPI=1.86). Taiwan08-P8, which were passaged in chickens for eight times, killed all the eight-week-old chickens (IVPI=2.36). The four-week-old chickens died after intranasal inoculation of Taiwan08-P8, indicating that Taiwan08 must have become highly pathogenic during circulation in chicken flocks. These results emphasize the importance of a stamping out policy for avian influenza even if the IVPI of the causal virus is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Soda
- Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060–0818, Japan
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18
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Improvement of the H5N1 influenza virus vaccine strain to decrease the pathogenicity in chicken embryos. Arch Virol 2011; 156:557-63. [PMID: 21203786 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0890-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The avian influenza vaccine strain A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-1/2004 (H5N1) (Vac-1) was found to be pathogenic in chicken embryos (CEs). In order to decrease the pathogenicity of Vac-1 in CEs, a series of reassortant viruses was generated between Vac-1 and A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) (PR8), and their pathogenicity and growth potential were compared in CEs. The results indicated that either the PB1 or PA protein was responsible for the pathogenicity of Vac-1 in CEs. The HA titers of the allantoic fluids of CEs inoculated with the recombinant H5N1 viruses, of which pathogenicity was lower than that of the recombinant Vac-1 prepared by reverse genetics in CEs, were equivalent to those of CEs inoculated with the recombinant Vac-1. One of the reassortant viruses, rg-PR8-PA/Vac-1 (H5N1), in which the PA gene was replaced with the corresponding gene of PR8, yielded allantoic fluids with the same HA titer as that of Vac-1, indicating that this reassortant should be a good candidate as an improved vaccine strain.
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Beato MS, Monne I, Mancin M, Bertoli E, Capua I. A proof-of-principle study to identify suitable vaccine seed candidates to combat introductions of Eurasian lineage H5 and H7 subtype avian influenza viruses. Avian Pathol 2010; 39:375-82. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2010.513376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Characterization of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus strains isolated from migratory waterfowl in Mongolia on the way back from the southern Asia to their northern territory. Virology 2010; 406:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 07/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Antigenic, genetic, and pathogenic characterization of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from dead whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) found in northern Japan in 2008. Virus Genes 2010; 41:351-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-010-0530-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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22
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Haemagglutinin and neuraminidase characterization of low pathogenic H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses isolated from Northern pintails (Anas acuta) in Japan, with special reference to genomic and biogeographical aspects. Virus Genes 2009; 40:94-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-009-0423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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