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Zhou N, Huang E, Guo X, Xiong Y, Xie J, Cai T, Du Y, Wu Q, Guo S, Han W, Zhang H, Xing D, Zhao T, Jiang Y. Cell fusing agent virus isolated from Aag2 cells does not vertically transmit in Aedes aegypti via artificial infection. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:402. [PMID: 37932781 PMCID: PMC10626676 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell fusing agent virus (CFAV) was the first insect-specific virus to be characterized, and has been reported to negatively influence the growth of arboviruses such as dengue, Zika, and La Cross, making it a promising biocontrol agent for mosquito-borne disease prevention. Aedes aegypti Aag2 cells were naturally infected with CFAV. However, the ability of this virus to stably colonize an Ae. aegypti population via artificial infection and how it influences the vector competence of this mosquito have yet to be demonstrated. METHODS CFAV used in this study was harvested from Aag2 cells and its complete genome sequence was obtained by polymerase chain reaction and rapid amplification of complementary DNA ends, followed by Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of newly identified CFAV sequences and other sequences retrieved from GenBank was performed. CFAV stock was inoculated into Ae. aegypti by intrathoracic injection, the survival of parental mosquitoes was monitored and CFAV copies in the whole bodies, ovaries, and carcasses of the injected F0 generation and in the whole bodies of the F1 generation on different days were examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The virus harvested from Aag2 cells comprised a mixture of three CFAV strains. All genome sequences of CFAV derived from Aag2 cells clustered into one clade but were far from those isolated or identified from Ae. aegypti. Aag2-derived CFAV efficiently replicated in the mosquito body and did not attenuate the survival of Ae. aegypti. However, the viral load in the ovarian tissues was much lower than that in other tissues and the virus could not passage to the offspring by vertical transmission. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that Aag2-derived CFAV was not vertically transmitted in Ae. aegypti and provide valuable information on the colonization of mosquitoes by this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningxin Zhou
- Public Health School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Enjiong Huang
- Fuzhou International Travel Healthcare Center, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yiping Xiong
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jingwen Xie
- Public Health School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, China
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Tong Cai
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Yutong Du
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Qixing Wu
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Sihan Guo
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Wanrong Han
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
- Life Science College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Hengduan Zhang
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Dan Xing
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Tongyan Zhao
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Department of Vector Biology and Control, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Uchida L, Sakurai Y, Shimooka M, Morales-Vargas RE, Hagiwara K, Muramatsu Y. Identification of Three Novel Genes in Phenuiviridae Detected from Aedes Mosquitoes in Hokkaido, Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2023; 76:55-63. [PMID: 36184398 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2022.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are important arthropod vectors of arboviruses. The family Phenuiviridae includes several medically important arboviruses, such as the Rift Valley fever phlebovirus and Toscana phlebovirus. Recent comprehensive genetic analyses have identified many novel mosquito-specific viruses that are phylogenetically related to Phenuiviridae. We collected mosquitoes from Hokkaido in northern Japan, and conducted reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs) targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene of Phenuiviridae. A total of 285 pools, comprising 3,082 mosquitoes from 2 genera and 8 species, were collected. Partial RdRp sequences were detected in 97 pools, which allowed us to classify the viruses into 3 clusters provisionally designated as Etutanne virus (ETTV) 1, 2, and 3. The virus most closely related to ETTVs is Narangue virus (family Phenuiviridae, genus Mobuvirus), which was detected in Mansonia mosquitoes; the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the Narangue virus are 58.4-66.2% and 64.7-86.7% similar, respectively, to those of ETTVs. PCR and RT-PCR using DNA and RNase digestion methods showed that the ETTVs are RNA viruses that do not form non-retroviral integrated RNA virus sequences in the mosquito genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Uchida
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Sakurai
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Japan
| | - Makoto Shimooka
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Japan
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3
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Moonen JP, Schinkel M, van der Most T, Miesen P, van Rij RP. Composition and global distribution of the mosquito virome - A comprehensive database of insect-specific viruses. One Health 2023; 16:100490. [PMID: 36817977 PMCID: PMC9929601 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquitoes are vectors for emerging and re-emerging infectious viral diseases of humans, livestock and other animals. In addition to these arthropod-borne (arbo)viruses, mosquitoes are host to an array of insect-specific viruses, collectively referred to as the mosquito virome. Mapping the mosquito virome and understanding if and how its composition modulates arbovirus transmission is critical to understand arboviral disease emergence and outbreak dynamics. In recent years, next-generation sequencing as well as PCR and culture-based methods have been extensively used to identify mosquito-associated viruses, providing insights into virus ecology and evolution. Until now, the large amount of mosquito virome data, specifically those acquired by metagenomic sequencing, has not been comprehensively integrated. We have constructed a searchable database of insect-specific viruses associated with vector mosquitoes from 175 studies, published between October 2000 and February 2022. We identify the most frequently detected and widespread viruses of the Culex, Aedes and Anopheles mosquito genera and report their global distribution. In addition, we highlight the challenges of extracting and integrating published virome data and we propose that a standardized reporting format will facilitate data interpretation and re-use by other scientists. We expect our comprehensive database, summarizing mosquito virome data collected over 20 years, to be a useful resource for future studies.
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Oguzie JU, Nwangwu UC, Oluniyi PE, Olumade TJ, George UE, Kazeem A, Bankole BE, Brimmo FO, Asadu CC, Chukwuekezie OC, Ochu JC, Makwe CO, Dogunro FA, Onwude CO, Nwachukwu WE, Ezihe EK, Okonkwo GK, Umazi NE, Maikere J, Agashi NO, Eloy EI, Anokwu SO, Okoronkwo AI, Nwosu EM, Etiki SO, Ngwu IM, Ihekweazu C, Folarin OA, Komolafe IOO, Happi CT. Metagenomic sequencing characterizes a wide diversity of viruses in field mosquito samples in Nigeria. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7616. [PMID: 35538241 PMCID: PMC9090917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11797-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito vectors are a tremendous public health threat. One in six diseases worldwide is vector-borne transmitted mainly by mosquitoes. In the last couple of years, there have been active Yellow fever virus (YFV) outbreaks in many settings in Nigeria, and nationwide, entomological surveillance has been a significant effort geared towards understanding these outbreaks. In this study, we used a metagenomic sequencing approach to characterize viruses present in vector samples collected during various outbreaks of Yellow fever (YF) in Nigeria between 2017 and 2020. Mosquito samples were grouped into pools of 1 to 50 mosquitoes, each based on species, sex and location. Twenty-five pools of Aedes spp and one pool of Anopheles spp collected from nine states were sequenced and metagenomic analysis was carried out. We identified a wide diversity of viruses belonging to various families in this sample set. Seven different viruses detected included: Fako virus, Phasi Charoen-like virus, Verdadero virus, Chaq like-virus, Aedes aegypti totivirus, cell fusing agent virus and Tesano Aedes virus. Although there are no reports of these viruses being pathogenic, they are an understudied group in the same families and closely related to known pathogenic arboviruses. Our study highlights the power of next generation sequencing in identifying Insect specific viruses (ISVs), and provide insight into mosquito vectors virome in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith U Oguzie
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Udoka C Nwangwu
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Paul E Oluniyi
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Testimony J Olumade
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Uwem E George
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Akano Kazeem
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Bolajoko E Bankole
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Farida O Brimmo
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuemeka C Asadu
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Josephine C Ochu
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Festus A Dogunro
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Cosmas O Onwude
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Ebuka K Ezihe
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Jacob Maikere
- Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF Belgium), Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Nneka O Agashi
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Emelda I Eloy
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Stephen O Anokwu
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Angela I Okoronkwo
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ebuka M Nwosu
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Sandra O Etiki
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma M Ngwu
- National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre (NAVRC), Enugu, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | - Onikepe A Folarin
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Isaac O O Komolafe
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria
| | - Christian T Happi
- African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun, Nigeria.
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5
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Duarte MA, Campos FS, Araújo Neto OF, Silva LA, Silva AB, Aguiar TC, Santos RN, Souza UJB, Alves GB, Melo FL, Ardisson-Araujo DMP, Aguiar RWS, Ribeiro BM. Identification of potential new mosquito-associated viruses of adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Tocantins state, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 53:51-62. [PMID: 34727360 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Medically important arboviruses such as dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are primarily transmitted by the globally distributed mosquito Aedes aegypti. Increasing evidence suggests that the transmission of some viruses can be influenced by mosquito-specific and mosquito-borne viruses. Advancements in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and bioinformatics have expanded our knowledge on the richness of viruses harbored by mosquitoes. HTS was used to characterize the presence of virus sequences in wild-caught adult Ae. aegypti from Tocantins (TO) state, Brazil. Samples of mosquitoes were collected in four cities of Tocantins state and submitted to RNA isolation, followed by sequencing at an Illumina HiSeq platform. Our results showed initially by Krona the presence of 3% of the sequenced reads belonging to the viral database. After further analysis, the virus sequences were found to have homology to two viral families found in insects Phenuiviridae and Metaviridae. Three possible viral strains including putative new viruses were detected and named Phasi Charoen-like phasivirus isolate To-1 (PCLV To-1), Aedes aegypti To virus 1 (AAToV1), and Aedes aegypti To virus 2 (AAToV2). The results presented in this work contribute to the growing knowledge about the diversity of viruses in mosquitoes and might be useful for future studies on the interaction between insect-specific viruses and arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus A Duarte
- Faculdade de Agronomia E Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brazil
| | - Fabrício S Campos
- Laboratório de Bioinformática E Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi, Gurupi, TO, 77.402-970, Brazil.
| | - Osvaldo F Araújo Neto
- Laboratório de Bioinformática E Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi, Gurupi, TO, 77.402-970, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brazil
| | - Arthur B Silva
- Laboratório de Bioinformática E Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi, Gurupi, TO, 77.402-970, Brazil
| | - Thalita C Aguiar
- Laboratório de Bioinformática E Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi, Gurupi, TO, 77.402-970, Brazil
| | - Raissa N Santos
- Laboratório de Bioinformática E Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi, Gurupi, TO, 77.402-970, Brazil
| | - Ueric J B Souza
- Laboratório de Bioinformática E Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi, Gurupi, TO, 77.402-970, Brazil
| | - Giselly B Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi, Gurupi, TO, 77.402-970, Brazil
| | - Fernando L Melo
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel M P Ardisson-Araujo
- Laboratório de Virologia de Insetos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97.105-900, Brazil
| | - Raimundo W S Aguiar
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Tocantins, Campus de Gurupi, Gurupi, TO, 77.402-970, Brazil
| | - Bergmann M Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70.910-900, Brazil
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Munivenkatappa A, Nyayanit DA, Yadav PD, Rangappa M, Patil S, Majumdar T, Mohandas S, Sinha DP, Jayaswamy MM, OmPrakash P. Identification of Phasi Charoen-Like Phasivirus in Field Collected Aedes aegypti from Karnataka State, India. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:900-909. [PMID: 34520272 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2021.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A wide range of insect-specific viruses (ISVs) have been reported worldwide. There are no studies from India that have reported ISVs. The current study describes the identification of Phasi Charoen-like virus (PCLV) from Aedes aegypti mosquito-pools from six districts of Karnataka state, India. Materials and Methods: During the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreak in the Bangalore Urban district in 2019, using conventional PCR, it was found that both human and mosquito samples were positive for CHIKV. For retrieve the complete genome sequence, mosquito samples were subjected to next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis and PCLV was also found. During 2019, as part of a vector-borne disease surveillance, we received 50 mosquito pool samples from 6 districts of the state, all of them were subjected to NGS to identify PCLV. Results: The A. aegypti mosquito-pools samples were subjected to the NGS platform that led to identification of an ISV, PCLV. PCLV was identified in 26 A. aegypti mosquito-pools collected from 6 districts. We also found mixed infection of PCLV with the Dengue virus (DENV; genotypes 1 and 3) and CHIKV from five pools. The nucleotide identity for the L gene of Indian PCLV sequences ranged between 97.1% and 98.3% in comparison with the Thailand sequences. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of PCLV dual infection with DENV and CHIKV in India. The present study confirms the presence of PCLV in A. aegypti mosquitoes from Karnataka state. The study adds India in the global geographical distribution of PCLV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Munivenkatappa
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Dimpal A Nyayanit
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pragya D Yadav
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manjushree Rangappa
- National Anti-Malaria Programme Bangalore Zone, Directorate of Health and Family Welfare Services, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Savita Patil
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Triparna Majumdar
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sreelekshmy Mohandas
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Diamond Prakash Sinha
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunath M Jayaswamy
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Patil OmPrakash
- Directorate of Health and Family Welfare Services, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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7
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Carvalho VL, Long MT. Insect-Specific Viruses: An overview and their relationship to arboviruses of concern to humans and animals. Virology 2021; 557:34-43. [PMID: 33631523 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The group of Insect-specific viruses (ISVs) includes viruses apparently restricted to insects based on their inability to replicate in the vertebrates. Increasing numbers of ISVs have been discovered and characterized representing a diverse number of viral families. However, most studies have focused on those ISVs belonging to the family Flaviviridae, which highlights the importance of ISV study from other viral families, which allow a better understanding for the mechanisms of transmission and evolution used for this diverse group of viruses. Some ISVs have shown the potential to modulate arboviruses replication and vector competence of mosquitoes. Based on this, ISVs may be used as an alternative tool for biological control, development of vaccines, and diagnostic platforms for arboviruses. In this review, we provide an update of the general characteristics of ISVs and their interaction with arboviruses that infect vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéria L Carvalho
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1945 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA; Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Rodovia BR-316, Km 7, S/n, Ananindeua, Para, 67030-000, Brazil.
| | - Maureen T Long
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, University of Florida, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1945 SW 16th Ave, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
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8
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Swei A, Couper LI, Coffey LL, Kapan D, Bennett S. Patterns, Drivers, and Challenges of Vector-Borne Disease Emergence. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2020; 20:159-170. [PMID: 31800374 PMCID: PMC7640753 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2018.2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases are emerging at an increasing rate and comprise a disproportionate share of all emerging infectious diseases. Yet, the key ecological and evolutionary dimensions of vector-borne disease that facilitate their emergence have not been thoroughly explored. This study reviews and synthesizes the existing literature to explore global patterns of emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases (VBZDs) under changing global conditions. We find that the vast majority of emerging VBZDs are transmitted by ticks (Ixodidae) and mosquitoes (Culicidae) and the pathogens transmitted are dominated by Rickettsiaceae bacteria and RNA viruses (Flaviviridae, Bunyaviridae, and Togaviridae). The most common potential driver of these emerging zoonoses is land use change, but for many diseases, the driver is unknown, revealing a critical research gap. While most reported VBZDs are emerging in the northern latitudes, after correcting for sampling bias, Africa is clearly a region with the greatest share of emerging VBZD. We highlight critical gaps in our understanding of VBZD emergence and emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary research and consideration of deeper evolutionary processes to improve our capacity for anticipating where and how such diseases have and will continue to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Swei
- Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California
| | - Lisa I. Couper
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Lark L. Coffey
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Durrell Kapan
- Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California
| | - Shannon Bennett
- Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California
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9
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Fredericks AC, Russell TA, Wallace LE, Davidson AD, Fernandez-Sesma A, Maringer K. Aedes aegypti (Aag2)-derived clonal mosquito cell lines reveal the effects of pre-existing persistent infection with the insect-specific bunyavirus Phasi Charoen-like virus on arbovirus replication. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007346. [PMID: 31693659 PMCID: PMC6860454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes aegypti is a vector mosquito of major public health importance, transmitting arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses. Wild mosquito populations are persistently infected at high prevalence with insect-specific viruses that do not replicate in vertebrate hosts. In experimental settings, acute infections with insect-specific viruses have been shown to modulate arbovirus infection and transmission in Ae. aegypti and other vector mosquitoes. However, the impact of persistent insect-specific virus infections, which arboviruses encounter more commonly in nature, has not been investigated extensively. Cell lines are useful models for studying virus-host interactions, however the available Ae. aegypti cell lines are poorly defined and heterogenous cultures. Methodology/Principle findings We generated single cell-derived clonal cell lines from the commonly used Ae. aegypti cell line Aag2. Two of the fourteen Aag2-derived clonal cell lines generated harboured markedly and consistently reduced levels of the insect-specific bunyavirus Phasi Charoen-like virus (PCLV) known to persistently infect Aag2 cells. In contrast to studies with acute insect-specific virus infections in cell culture and in vivo, we found that pre-existing persistent PCLV infection had no major impact on the replication of the flaviviruses dengue virus and Zika virus, the alphavirus Sindbis virus, or the rhabdovirus vesicular stomatitis virus. We also performed a detailed characterisation of the morphology, transfection efficiency and immune status of our Aag2-derived clonal cell lines, and have made a clone that we term Aag2-AF5 available to the research community as a well-defined cell culture model for arbovirus-vector interaction studies. Conclusions/Significance Our findings highlight the need for further in vivo studies that more closely recapitulate natural arbovirus transmission settings in which arboviruses encounter mosquitoes harbouring persistent rather than acute insect-specific virus infections. Furthermore, we provide the well-characterised Aag2-derived clonal cell line as a valuable resource to the arbovirus research community. Mosquito-borne viruses usually only infect humans through the bite of a mosquito that carries the virus. Viruses transmitted by the ‘yellow fever mosquito’ Aedes aegypti, including dengue virus, Zika virus, yellow fever virus and chikungunya virus, are causing an ever-increasing number of human disease cases globally. Mosquito-borne viruses have to infect and replicate inside the mosquito before they are transmitted to humans, and the presence of other infectious agents can change the efficiency of virus transmission. Mosquitoes are known to be infected with ‘insect-specific viruses’ that only infect mosquitoes and cannot cause human disease. We have shown here that in laboratory cell cultures derived from the Aedes aegypti mosquito, pre-existing infection with an insect-specific virus called Phasi Charoen-like virus does not affect the infection and growth of the mosquito-borne viruses dengue virus, Zika virus, Sindbis virus or vesicular stomatitis virus. Our research provides important new insights into whether and how insect-specific viruses may affect mosquito-borne virus replication. Ultimately, this information could inform ongoing research into whether insect-specific viruses could be used to prevent the transmission of mosquito-borne viruses to reduce global disease burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C. Fredericks
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tiffany A. Russell
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa E. Wallace
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Fernandez-Sesma
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AF-S); (KM)
| | - Kevin Maringer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AF-S); (KM)
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10
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Fredericks AC, Russell TA, Wallace LE, Davidson AD, Fernandez-Sesma A, Maringer K. Aedes aegypti (Aag2)-derived clonal mosquito cell lines reveal the effects of pre-existing persistent infection with the insect-specific bunyavirus Phasi Charoen-like virus on arbovirus replication. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007346. [PMID: 31693659 DOI: 10.1101/596205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti is a vector mosquito of major public health importance, transmitting arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) such as chikungunya, dengue, yellow fever and Zika viruses. Wild mosquito populations are persistently infected at high prevalence with insect-specific viruses that do not replicate in vertebrate hosts. In experimental settings, acute infections with insect-specific viruses have been shown to modulate arbovirus infection and transmission in Ae. aegypti and other vector mosquitoes. However, the impact of persistent insect-specific virus infections, which arboviruses encounter more commonly in nature, has not been investigated extensively. Cell lines are useful models for studying virus-host interactions, however the available Ae. aegypti cell lines are poorly defined and heterogenous cultures. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS We generated single cell-derived clonal cell lines from the commonly used Ae. aegypti cell line Aag2. Two of the fourteen Aag2-derived clonal cell lines generated harboured markedly and consistently reduced levels of the insect-specific bunyavirus Phasi Charoen-like virus (PCLV) known to persistently infect Aag2 cells. In contrast to studies with acute insect-specific virus infections in cell culture and in vivo, we found that pre-existing persistent PCLV infection had no major impact on the replication of the flaviviruses dengue virus and Zika virus, the alphavirus Sindbis virus, or the rhabdovirus vesicular stomatitis virus. We also performed a detailed characterisation of the morphology, transfection efficiency and immune status of our Aag2-derived clonal cell lines, and have made a clone that we term Aag2-AF5 available to the research community as a well-defined cell culture model for arbovirus-vector interaction studies. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings highlight the need for further in vivo studies that more closely recapitulate natural arbovirus transmission settings in which arboviruses encounter mosquitoes harbouring persistent rather than acute insect-specific virus infections. Furthermore, we provide the well-characterised Aag2-derived clonal cell line as a valuable resource to the arbovirus research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Fredericks
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tiffany A Russell
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Louisa E Wallace
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Davidson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Fernandez-Sesma
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kevin Maringer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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11
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Agboli E, Leggewie M, Altinli M, Schnettler E. Mosquito-Specific Viruses-Transmission and Interaction. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090873. [PMID: 31533367 PMCID: PMC6784079 DOI: 10.3390/v11090873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-specific viruses (MSVs) are a subset of insect-specific viruses that are found to infect mosquitoes or mosquito derived cells. There has been an increase in discoveries of novel MSVs in recent years. This has expanded our understanding of viral diversity and evolution but has also sparked questions concerning the transmission of these viruses and interactions with their hosts and its microbiome. In fact, there is already evidence that MSVs interact with the immune system of their host. This is especially interesting, since mosquitoes can be infected with both MSVs and arthropod-borne (arbo) viruses of public health concern. In this review, we give an update on the different MSVs discovered so far and describe current data on their transmission and interaction with the mosquito immune system as well as the effect MSVs could have on an arboviruses-co-infection. Lastly, we discuss potential uses of these viruses, including vector and transmission control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Agboli
- Molecular Entomology, Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho PMB 31, Ghana.
| | - Mayke Leggewie
- Molecular Entomology, Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Mine Altinli
- Molecular Entomology, Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Esther Schnettler
- Molecular Entomology, Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.
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12
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Scolari F, Casiraghi M, Bonizzoni M. Aedes spp. and Their Microbiota: A Review. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2036. [PMID: 31551973 PMCID: PMC6738348 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes spp. are a major public health concern due to their ability to be efficient vectors of dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, and other arboviruses. With limited vaccines available and no effective therapeutic treatments against arboviruses, the control of Aedes spp. populations is currently the only strategy to prevent disease transmission. Host-associated microbes (i.e., microbiota) recently emerged as a promising field to be explored for novel environmentally friendly vector control strategies. In particular, gut microbiota is revealing its impact on multiple aspects of Aedes spp. biology, including vector competence, thus being a promising target for manipulation. Here we describe the technological advances, which are currently expanding our understanding of microbiota composition, abundance, variability, and function in the two main arboviral vectors, the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Aedes spp. microbiota is described in light of its tight connections with the environment, with which mosquitoes interact during their various developmental stages. Unraveling the dynamic interactions among the ecology of the habitat, the mosquito and the microbiota have the potential to uncover novel physiological interdependencies and provide a novel perspective for mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scolari
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Casiraghi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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13
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Laenen L, Vergote V, Calisher CH, Klempa B, Klingström J, Kuhn JH, Maes P. Hantaviridae: Current Classification and Future Perspectives. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090788. [PMID: 31461937 PMCID: PMC6784073 DOI: 10.3390/v11090788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, negative-sense RNA virus classification and taxon nomenclature have undergone considerable transformation. In 2016, the new order Bunyavirales was established, elevating the previous genus Hantavirus to family rank, thereby creating Hantaviridae. Here we summarize affirmed taxonomic modifications of this family from 2016 to 2019. Changes involve the admission of >30 new hantavirid species and the establishment of subfamilies and novel genera based on DivErsity pArtitioning by hieRarchical Clustering (DEmARC) analysis of genomic sequencing data. We outline an objective framework that can be used in future classification schemes when more hantavirids sequences will be available. Finally, we summarize current taxonomic proposals and problems in hantavirid taxonomy that will have to be addressed shortly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lies Laenen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Unit, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valentijn Vergote
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Unit, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Boris Klempa
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens H Kuhn
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, B-8200 Research Plaza, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Unit, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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Atoni E, Zhao L, Karungu S, Obanda V, Agwanda B, Xia H, Yuan Z. The discovery and global distribution of novel mosquito-associated viruses in the last decade (2007-2017). Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2079. [PMID: 31410931 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, virus hunting and discovery has gained pace. This achievement has been driven by three major factors: (a) advancements in sequencing technologies, (b) scaled-up routine arbovirus surveillance strategies, and (c) the "hunt" for emerging pathogens and novel viruses. Many novel viruses have been discovered from a myriad of hosts, vectors, and environmental samples. To help promote understanding of the global diversity and distribution of mosquito-associated viruses and facilitate future studies, we review mosquito-associated viruses discovered between years 2007 and 2017, across the world. In the analyzed period, novel mosquito-associated viruses belonging to 25 families and a general group of unclassified viruses were categorized. The top three discovered novel mosquito-associated viruses belonged to families Flaviviridae (n=32), Rhabdoviridae (n=16), and Peribunyaviridae (n=14). Also, 67 unclassified viruses were reported. Majority of these novel viruses were identified from Culex spp, Anopheles spp, Aedes spp, and Mansonia spp mosquitoes, respectively. Notably, the number of these discovered novels is not representative of intercontinental virus diversity but rather is influenced by the number of studies done in the study period. Some of these newly discovered mosquito-associated viruses have medical significance, either directly or indirectly. For instance, in the study period, 14 novel mosquito-borne viruses that infect mammalian cells in vitro were reported. These viruses pose a danger to the global health security on emerging viral diseases. On the other hand, some of the newly discovered insect specific viruses described herein have potential application as future biocontrol and vaccine agents against known pathogenic arboviruses. Overall, this review outlines the crucial role played by mosquitoes as viral vectors in the global virosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evans Atoni
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Samuel Karungu
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Vincent Obanda
- Veterinary Services Department, Kenya Wildlife Service, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Han Xia
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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15
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Fauver JR, Akter S, Morales AIO, Black WC, Rodriguez AD, Stenglein MD, Ebel GD, Weger-Lucarelli J. A reverse-transcription/RNase H based protocol for depletion of mosquito ribosomal RNA facilitates viral intrahost evolution analysis, transcriptomics and pathogen discovery. Virology 2018; 528:181-197. [PMID: 30616207 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Identifying novel viruses or assessing viral variation by NGS requires high sequencing coverage. More than 90% of total RNA is ribosomal (rRNA), making variant calling, virus discovery or transcriptomic profiling difficult. Current methods to increase informative reads suffer from drawbacks, either they cannot be used for some viruses, are optimized for a single species, or introduce bias. We describe a two-part approach combining reverse-transcription to create RNA/DNA hybrids which are then degraded with RNaseH/DNase sequentially that works for three medically relevant mosquito genera; Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex. We demonstrate depletion of rRNA from different samples, including whole mosquitoes and midgut contents from FTA cards. We describe novel insect-specific virus genomes from field collected mosquitoes. The protocol requires only common laboratory reagents and small oligonucleotides specific to rRNA. This approach can be adapted for other organisms, aiding virus diversity analyses, virus discovery and transcriptomics in both laboratory and field samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Fauver
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Shamima Akter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 360 W Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Aldo Ivan Ortega Morales
- Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Torreón, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - William C Black
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Americo D Rodriguez
- Centro Regional de Investigación en Salud Publica, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Mark D Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Gregory D Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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16
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McLean BJ, Dainty KR, Flores HA, O'Neill SL. Differential suppression of persistent insect specific viruses in trans-infected wMel and wMelPop-CLA Aedes-derived mosquito lines. Virology 2018; 527:141-145. [PMID: 30503908 PMCID: PMC6340807 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Wolbachia suppresses the replication of +ssRNA viruses such as dengue and Zika viruses in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. However, the range of viruses affected by this endosymbiont is yet to be explored. Recently, novel insect-specific viruses (ISVs) have been described from numerous mosquito species and mosquito-derived cell lines. Cell-fusing agent virus (Flaviviridae) and Phasi Charoen-like virus (Bunyaviridae) persistently infect the Ae. aegypti cell line Aag2 which has been used for experimental studies with both the wMel and wMelPop-CLA strains. Wolbachia was found to restrict the replication of CFAV but not the PCLV infection in these lines. Furthermore, an additional Ae. albopictus cell line (RML-12) which contained either wMel or wMelPop-CLA was assessed. While no infectious +ssRNA or dsRNA viruses were detected, a PCLV infection was identified. These observations provide additional evidence to support that insect-specific, +ssRNA viruses can be suppressed in cell culture by Wolbachia but -ssRNA viruses may not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breeanna J McLean
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Kimberley R Dainty
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Heather A Flores
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Scott L O'Neill
- Institute of Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia.
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17
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Discovery and high prevalence of Phasi Charoen-like virus in field-captured Aedes aegypti in South China. Virology 2018; 523:35-40. [PMID: 30077072 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Arboviruses have caused significant global health concerns during the past decade. In this regard, continuous viral surveillance is essential to timely identify emerging arboviruses and other novel viruses. Here, a novel isolate of Phasi Charoen-like virus (PCLV Zhanjiang01) was identified from field-captured Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in Zhanjiang by next generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that PCLV Zhanjiang01 belonged to the genus Phasivirus in the family Phenuiviridae. The presence of PCLV in three batches of Aedes aegypti confirmed its high prevalence in nature. Further detection of PCLV in progenies and adult males suggested vertical transmission in mosquitoes. In parallel, PCLV was detected from multiple organs indicating its broad tissue distribution in the infected mosquitoes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of PCLV in China. Our results expanded the global biogeographic distribution of PCLV. Further investigations of PCLV on the arboviral transmission and control strategies are warranted.
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18
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Di Giallonardo F, Audsley MD, Shi M, Young PR, McGraw EA, Holmes EC. Complete genome of Aedes aegypti anphevirus in the Aag2 mosquito cell line. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:832-836. [PMID: 29741476 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel negative-sense RNA virus, Aedes aegypti anphevirus, was recently identified in wild Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. We show that this virus is also present in the Aag2 Aedes aegypti cell line and characterize its complete genome and evolutionary history. The Aedes aegypti anphevirus genome is estimated to be 12 916 nucleotides in length, contains four genes and has a genome structure similar to that of other anpheviruses. Phylogenetically, Aedes aegypti anphevirus falls within an unclassified group of insect-specific viruses in the order Mononegavirales that form a sister-group to the chuviruses. Notably, the Aag2 cell line used here was also experimentally infected with dengue virus and naturally contained a Phasi Charoen-like virus and cell-fusing agent virus. All four viruses were at relatively high abundance, with 0.5 % of sequence reads assigned to Aedes aegypti anphevirus. The Aag2 cell line is therefore permissive to efficient co-infection with dengue virus and multiple insect-specific viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michelle D Audsley
- Infection & Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mang Shi
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth A McGraw
- Department of Entomology and The Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Edward C Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Genome Sequence of a Novel Strain of a Phasi Charoen-Like Virus Identified in Zhanjiang, China. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/2/e01024-17. [PMID: 29326198 PMCID: PMC5764922 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01024-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the genome sequence of a novel strain of a Phasi Charoen-like virus, isolated from Aedes aegypti mosquitoes caught in Zhanjiang province of China. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that this virus belongs to a new genus, Goukovirus, in the family Bunyaviridae. This is the first reported genome sequence of a Phasi Charoen-like virus identified in China.
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20
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Fauver JR, Grubaugh ND, Krajacich BJ, Weger-Lucarelli J, Lakin SM, Fakoli LS, Bolay FK, Diclaro JW, Dabiré KR, Foy BD, Brackney DE, Ebel GD, Stenglein MD. West African Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes harbor a taxonomically diverse virome including new insect-specific flaviviruses, mononegaviruses, and totiviruses. Virology 2016; 498:288-299. [PMID: 27639161 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anopheles gambiae are a major vector of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Viruses that naturally infect these mosquitoes may impact their physiology and ability to transmit pathogens. We therefore used metagenomics sequencing to search for viruses in adult Anopheles mosquitoes collected from Liberia, Senegal, and Burkina Faso. We identified a number of virus and virus-like sequences from mosquito midgut contents, including 14 coding-complete genome segments and 26 partial sequences. The coding-complete sequences define new viruses in the order Mononegavirales, and the families Flaviviridae, and Totiviridae. The identification of a flavivirus infecting Anopheles mosquitoes broadens our understanding of the evolution and host range of this virus family. This study increases our understanding of virus diversity in general, begins to define the virome of a medically important vector in its natural setting, and lays groundwork for future studies examining the potential impact of these viruses on anopheles biology and disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Fauver
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Nathan D Grubaugh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Benjamin J Krajacich
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven M Lakin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Fatorma K Bolay
- Liberian Institute for Biomedical Research, Charlesville, Liberia
| | | | | | - Brian D Foy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Doug E Brackney
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Gregory D Ebel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
| | - Mark D Stenglein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
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21
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Junglen S. Evolutionary origin of pathogenic arthropod-borne viruses-a case study in the family Bunyaviridae. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 16:81-86. [PMID: 27720055 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses have a dual-host tropism and their transmission requires the infection of two disparate hosts, arthropods and vertebrates. Arboviruses occur in several RNA families that also contain viruses with a monotropism for either arthropods or vertebrates. The evolutionary origin of the dual-host tropism of arboviruses was recently identified for the family Bunyaviridae. Bunyaviruses were suggested to have evolved from viruses that are restricted to arthropods as hosts (arthropod-specific viruses). Additional findings of an immense genetic diversity of bunyaviruses in non-blood feeding arthropods support the hypothesis of an arthropod origin of vertebrate-pathogenic bunyaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany.
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22
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Bolling BG, Weaver SC, Tesh RB, Vasilakis N. Insect-Specific Virus Discovery: Significance for the Arbovirus Community. Viruses 2015; 7:4911-28. [PMID: 26378568 PMCID: PMC4584295 DOI: 10.3390/v7092851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), especially those transmitted by mosquitoes, are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals worldwide. Recent discoveries indicate that mosquitoes are naturally infected with a wide range of other viruses, many within taxa occupied by arboviruses that are considered insect-specific. Over the past ten years there has been a dramatic increase in the literature describing novel insect-specific virus detection in mosquitoes, which has provided new insights about viral diversity and evolution, including that of arboviruses. It has also raised questions about what effects the mosquito virome has on arbovirus transmission. Additionally, the discovery of these new viruses has generated interest in their potential use as biological control agents as well as novel vaccine platforms. The arbovirus community will benefit from the growing database of knowledge concerning these newly described viral endosymbionts, as their impacts will likely be far reaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany G Bolling
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases, and Department of Pathology,University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases, and Department of Pathology,University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Robert B Tesh
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases, and Department of Pathology,University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, Center for Tropical Diseases, and Department of Pathology,University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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23
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Aguiar ERGR, Olmo RP, Paro S, Ferreira FV, de Faria IJDS, Todjro YMH, Lobo FP, Kroon EG, Meignin C, Gatherer D, Imler JL, Marques JT. Sequence-independent characterization of viruses based on the pattern of viral small RNAs produced by the host. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:6191-206. [PMID: 26040701 PMCID: PMC4513865 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus surveillance in vector insects is potentially of great benefit to public health. Large-scale sequencing of small and long RNAs has previously been used to detect viruses, but without any formal comparison of different strategies. Furthermore, the identification of viral sequences largely depends on similarity searches against reference databases. Here, we developed a sequence-independent strategy based on virus-derived small RNAs produced by the host response, such as the RNA interference pathway. In insects, we compared sequences of small and long RNAs, demonstrating that viral sequences are enriched in the small RNA fraction. We also noted that the small RNA size profile is a unique signature for each virus and can be used to identify novel viral sequences without known relatives in reference databases. Using this strategy, we characterized six novel viruses in the viromes of laboratory fruit flies and wild populations of two insect vectors: mosquitoes and sandflies. We also show that the small RNA profile could be used to infer viral tropism for ovaries among other aspects of virus biology. Additionally, our results suggest that virus detection utilizing small RNAs can also be applied to vertebrates, although not as efficiently as to plants and insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Roberto Guimarães Rocha Aguiar
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30270-901, Brazil CNRS-UPR9022, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Roenick Proveti Olmo
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30270-901, Brazil CNRS-UPR9022, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Simona Paro
- CNRS-UPR9022, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Flavia Viana Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Isaque João da Silva de Faria
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Yaovi Mathias Honore Todjro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Francisco Pereira Lobo
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Bioinformática, Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, Campinas, São Paulo, CEP 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Department of Microbiology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30270-901, Brazil
| | - Carine Meignin
- CNRS-UPR9022, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France Faculté des Sciences de la Vie, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Derek Gatherer
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, Lancashire, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Jean-Luc Imler
- CNRS-UPR9022, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France Faculté des Sciences de la Vie, Université de Strasbourg, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France Institut d'Etudes Avancées de l'Université de Strasbourg (USIAS), 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - João Trindade Marques
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, CEP 30270-901, Brazil
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24
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Sakai K, Hagiwara K, Omatsu T, Hamasaki C, Kuwata R, Shimoda H, Suzuki K, Endoh D, Nagata N, Nagai M, Katayama Y, Oba M, Kurane I, Saijo M, Morikawa S, Mizutani T, Maeda K. Isolation and characterization of a novel Rhabdovirus from a wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Japan. Vet Microbiol 2015; 179:197-203. [PMID: 26116524 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A novel rhabdovirus was isolated from the serum of a healthy Japanese wild boar (Sus scrofa leucomystax) and identified using the rapid determination system for viral nucleic acid sequences (RDV), next-generation sequencing, and electron microscopy. The virus was tentatively named wild boar rhabdovirus 1 (WBRV1). Phylogenetic analysis of the entire genome sequence indicated that WBRV1 is closely related to Tupaia rhabdovirus (TRV), which was isolated from cultured cells of hepatocellular carcinoma tissue of tree shrew. TRV has not been assigned to any genus of Rhabdoviridae till date. Analysis of the L gene indicated that WBRV1 belongs to the genus Vesiculovirus. These observations suggest that both TRV and WBRV1 belong to a new genus of Rhabdoviridae. Next-generation genome sequencing of WBRV1 revealed 5 open reading frames of 1329, 765, 627, 1629, and 6336 bases in length. The WBRV1 gene sequences are similar to those of other rhabdoviruses. Epizootiological analysis of a population of wild boars in Wakayama prefecture in Japan indicated that 6.5% were positive for the WBRV1 gene and 52% were positive for WBRV1-neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, such viral neutralizing antibodies were found in domestic pigs in another prefecture. WBRV1 was inoculated intranasally and intraperitoneally into SCID and BALB/c mice and viral RNA was detected in SCID mice, suggesting that WBRV1 can replicate in immunocompromised mice. These results indicate this novel virus is endemic in wild animals and livestock in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Sakai
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Katsuro Hagiwara
- Virus Unit, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Chinami Hamasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Ryusei Kuwata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Kazuo Suzuki
- Hikiiwa Park Center, 1629 Inari-cho, Tanabe 646-0051, Japan
| | - Daiji Endoh
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu-shi 069-8501, Japan
| | - Noriyo Nagata
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagai
- Research and Education center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yukie Katayama
- Research and Education center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mami Oba
- Research and Education center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kurane
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Ken Maeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.
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25
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Chandler JA, Thongsripong P, Green A, Kittayapong P, Wilcox BA, Schroth GP, Kapan DD, Bennett SN. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing of a Bunyavirus in wild-caught Aedes aegypti from Thailand informs the evolutionary and genomic history of the Phleboviruses. Virology 2014; 464-465:312-319. [PMID: 25108381 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses significantly impact human health. They span multiple families, all of which include viruses not known to cause disease. Characterizing these representatives could provide insights into the origins of their disease-causing counterparts. Field-caught Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Nakhon Nayok, Thailand, underwent metagenomic shotgun sequencing to reveal a Bunyavirus closely related to Phasi Charoen (PhaV) virus, isolated in 2009 from Ae. aegypti near Bangkok. Phylogenetic analysis of this virus suggests it is basal to the Phlebovirus genus thus making it ideally positioned phylogenetically for understanding the evolution of these clinically important viruses. Genomic analysis finds that a gene necessary for virulence in vertebrates, but not essential for viral replication in arthropods, is missing. The sequencing of this phylogenetically-notable and genomically-unique Phlebovirus from wild mosquitoes exemplifies the utility and efficacy of metagenomic shotgun sequencing for virus characterization in arthropod vectors of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Angus Chandler
- Department of Microbiology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, United States of America.
| | - Panpim Thongsripong
- Department of Microbiology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, United States of America; Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, University of Hawai׳i at Manoa, 615 Ilalo Street, BioScience Building, Suite 320, Honolulu, HI 96813, United States of America.
| | - Amy Green
- Department of Microbiology, University of Hawai׳i at Manoa, 2538 McCarthy Mall, Snyder 207, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States of America.
| | - Pattamaporn Kittayapong
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, 999 Phuttamonthon 4, Road Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Bruce A Wilcox
- Center of Excellence for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University at Salaya, 999 Phuttamonthon 4, Road Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand; Integrative Research and Education Program, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, 420/1 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| | - Gary P Schroth
- Illumina Inc, 25861 Industrial Blvd, Hayward, CA 94545, United States of America.
| | - Durrell D Kapan
- Department of Entomology and Center for Comparative Genomics, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, United States of America; Center for Conservation Research Training, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai׳i at Manoa, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore Hall 406, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States of America.
| | - Shannon N Bennett
- Department of Microbiology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA 94118, United States of America.
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26
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Yamanaka A, Iwakiri A, Yoshikawa T, Sakai K, Singh H, Himeji D, Kikuchi I, Ueda A, Yamamoto S, Miura M, Shioyama Y, Kawano K, Nagaishi T, Saito M, Minomo M, Iwamoto N, Hidaka Y, Sohma H, Kobayashi T, Kanai Y, Kawagishi T, Nagata N, Fukushi S, Mizutani T, Tani H, Taniguchi S, Fukuma A, Shimojima M, Kurane I, Kageyama T, Odagiri T, Saijo M, Morikawa S. Imported case of acute respiratory tract infection associated with a member of species nelson bay orthoreovirus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92777. [PMID: 24667794 PMCID: PMC3965453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A Japanese man suffered from acute respiratory tract infection after returning to Japan from Bali, Indonesia in 2007. Miyazaki-Bali/2007, a strain of the species of Nelson Bay orthoreovirus, was isolated from the patient's throat swab using Vero cells, in which syncytium formation was observed. This is the sixth report describing a patient with respiratory tract infection caused by an orthoreovirus classified to the species of Nelson Bay orthoreovirus. Given the possibility that all of the patients were infected in Malaysia and Indonesia, prospective surveillance on orthoreovirus infections should be carried out in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, contact surveillance study suggests that the risk of human-to-human infection of the species of Nelson Bay orthoreovirus would seem to be low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Yamanaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Akira Iwakiri
- Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tomoki Yoshikawa
- Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Sakai
- Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harpal Singh
- Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Himeji
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kikuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Akira Ueda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Miyazaki Prefectural Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Seigo Yamamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Miho Miura
- Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoko Shioyama
- Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kawano
- Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tokiko Nagaishi
- Nichinan Public Health Office of Miyazaki Prefecture, Nichinan, Miyzakaki, Japan
| | - Minako Saito
- Nichinan Public Health Office of Miyazaki Prefecture, Nichinan, Miyzakaki, Japan
| | - Masumi Minomo
- Nichinan Public Health Office of Miyazaki Prefecture, Nichinan, Miyzakaki, Japan
| | - Naoyasu Iwamoto
- Nichinan Public Health Office of Miyazaki Prefecture, Nichinan, Miyzakaki, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hidaka
- Miyazaki City Public Health Office, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Sohma
- Health Promotion Division, Miyazaki Prefecture Government, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Viral Replication, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Kanai
- Laboratory of Viral Replication, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kawagishi
- Laboratory of Viral Replication, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyo Nagata
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuetsu Fukushi
- Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Tani
- Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Taniguchi
- Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aiko Fukuma
- Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Shimojima
- Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kurane
- Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kageyama
- Influenza virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Odagiri
- Influenza virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Saijo
- Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- Special Pathogens Laboratory, Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Negevirus: a proposed new taxon of insect-specific viruses with wide geographic distribution. J Virol 2012; 87:2475-88. [PMID: 23255793 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00776-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Six novel insect-specific viruses, isolated from mosquitoes and phlebotomine sand flies collected in Brazil, Peru, the United States, Ivory Coast, Israel, and Indonesia, are described. Their genomes consist of single-stranded, positive-sense RNAs with poly(A) tails. By electron microscopy, the virions appear as spherical particles with diameters of ∼45 to 55 nm. Based on their genome organization and phylogenetic relationship, the six viruses, designated Negev, Ngewotan, Piura, Loreto, Dezidougou, and Santana, appear to form a new taxon, tentatively designated Negevirus. Their closest but still distant relatives are citrus leposis virus C (CiLV-C) and viruses in the genus Cilevirus, which are mite-transmitted plant viruses. The negeviruses replicate rapidly and to high titer (up to 10(10) PFU/ml) in mosquito cells, producing extensive cytopathic effect and plaques, but they do not appear to replicate in mammalian cells or mice. A discussion follows on their possible biological significance and effect on mosquito vector competence for arboviruses.
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28
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Abe M, Ito N, Sakai K, Kaku Y, Oba M, Nishimura M, Kurane I, Saijo M, Morikawa S, Sugiyama M, Mizutani T. A novel sapelovirus-like virus isolation from wild boar. Virus Genes 2011; 43:243-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-011-0628-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Mizutani T, Sayama Y, Nakanishi A, Ochiai H, Sakai K, Wakabayashi K, Tanaka N, Miura E, Oba M, Kurane I, Saijo M, Morikawa S, Ono SI. Novel DNA virus isolated from samples showing endothelial cell necrosis in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Virology 2011; 412:179-87. [PMID: 21277610 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2010.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Economic loss due to viral endothelial cell necrosis of eel (VECNE) of Anguilla japonica is a serious problem for the cultured Japanese eel market. However, the viral genome responsible for VECNE is unknown. We recently developed a rapid determination system for viral nucleic acid sequences (RDV) to determine viral genome sequences. In this study, viral DNA fragments were obtained using RDV, and approximately 15-kbp circular full genome sequences were determined using a next-generation sequencing system, overlapping PCR, and Southern blot analysis. One open reading frame (ORF) was homologous to the large T-antigen of polyomavirus; other ORFs have no homology with any nucleic or amino acid sequences of polyomavirus. Therefore, as this DNA virus might comprise a novel virus family, we provisionally named it Japanese eel endothelial cells-infecting virus (JEECV). JEECV was detected in both naturally and experimentally infected eels, suggesting that JEECV potentially causes VECNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Mizutani
- Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gakuen 4-7-1, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan.
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30
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Isawa H, Kuwata R, Hoshino K, Tsuda Y, Sakai K, Watanabe S, Nishimura M, Satho T, Kataoka M, Nagata N, Hasegawa H, Bando H, Yano K, Sasaki T, Kobayashi M, Mizutani T, Sawabe K. Identification and molecular characterization of a new nonsegmented double-stranded RNA virus isolated from Culex mosquitoes in Japan. Virus Res 2010; 155:147-55. [PMID: 20875466 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two infectious agents were isolated from Culex species mosquitoes in Japan and were identified as distinct strains of a new RNA virus by a method for sequence-independent amplification of viral nucleic acids. The virus designated Omono River virus (OMRV) replicated in mosquito cells in which it produced a severe cytopathic effect. Icosahedral virus particles of approximately 40 nm in diameter were detected in the cytoplasm of infected cells. The OMRV genome was observed to consist of a nonsegmented, 7.6-kb double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and contain two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), namely ORF1 and ORF2. ORF1 was found to encode a putative dsRNA-binding protein, a major capsid protein, and other putative proteins, which might be generated by co- and/or post-translational processing of the ORF1 polyprotein precursor, and ORF2 was found to encode a putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which could be translated as a fusion with the ORF1 product by a -1 ribosomal frameshift. Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp revealed that OMRV is closely related to penaeid shrimp infectious myonecrosis virus and Drosophila totivirus, which are tentatively assigned to the family Totiviridae. These results indicated that OMRV is a new member of the family of nonsegmented dsRNA viruses infecting arthropod hosts, but not fungal or protozoan hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Isawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
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Deyde VM, Gubareva LV. Influenza genome analysis using pyrosequencing method: current applications for a moving target. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2009; 9:493-509. [PMID: 19580433 DOI: 10.1586/erm.09.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pyrosequencing is a high-throughput non-gel-based DNA sequencing method that was introduced in the late 1990s. It employs a DNA sequencing-by-synthesis approach based on real-time measurement of pyrophosphate released from incorporation of dNTPs. A cascade of enzymatic reactions proportionally converts the pyrophosphate to a light signal recorded in a form of peaks, known as pyrograms. Routinely, a 45-60-nucleotide sequence is obtained per reaction. Recent improvements introduced in the assay chemistry have extended the read to approximately 100 nucleotides. Since its advent, pyrosequencing has been applied in the fields of microbiology, molecular biology and pharmacogenomics. The pyrosequencing approach was first applied to analysis of influenza genome in 2005, when it played a critical role in the timely detection of an unprecedented rise in resistance to the adamantane class of anti-influenza drugs. More recently, pyrosequencing was successfully applied for monitoring the emergence and spread of influenza A (H1N1) virus resistance to oseltamivir, a newer anti-influenza drug. The present report summarizes known applications of the pyrosequencing approach for influenza genome analysis with an emphasis on drug-resistance detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varough M Deyde
- Virus Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop G-16, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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