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Kannan M, Zainal Z, Ismail I, Baharum SN, Bunawan H. Application of Reverse Genetics in Functional Genomics of Potyvirus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080803. [PMID: 32722532 PMCID: PMC7472138 DOI: 10.3390/v12080803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous potyvirus studies, including virus biology, transmission, viral protein function, as well as virus–host interaction, have greatly benefited from the utilization of reverse genetic techniques. Reverse genetics of RNA viruses refers to the manipulation of viral genomes, transfection of the modified cDNAs into cells, and the production of live infectious progenies, either wild-type or mutated. Reverse genetic technology provides an opportunity of developing potyviruses into vectors for improving agronomic traits in plants, as a reporter system for tracking virus infection in hosts or a production system for target proteins. Therefore, this review provides an overview on the breakthroughs achieved in potyvirus research through the implementation of reverse genetic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maathavi Kannan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.K.); (Z.Z.); (I.I.); (S.N.B.)
| | - Zamri Zainal
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.K.); (Z.Z.); (I.I.); (S.N.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Ismanizan Ismail
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.K.); (Z.Z.); (I.I.); (S.N.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Syarul Nataqain Baharum
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.K.); (Z.Z.); (I.I.); (S.N.B.)
| | - Hamidun Bunawan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.K.); (Z.Z.); (I.I.); (S.N.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-8921-4554
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Hu WX, Kim BJ, Kwak Y, Seo EY, Kim JK, Han JY, Kim IH, Lim YP, Cho IS, Domier LL, Hammond J, Lim HS. Five Newly Collected Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV) Isolates from Jeju Island, Korea are Closely Related to Previously Reported Korean TuMV Isolates but Show Distinctive Symptom Development. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 35:381-387. [PMID: 31481861 PMCID: PMC6706019 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.nt.11.2018.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For several years, temperatures in the Korean peninsula have gradually increased due to climate change, resulting in a changing environment for growth of crops and vegetables. An associated consequence is that emerging species of insect vector have caused increased viral transmission. In Jeju Island, Korea, occurrences of viral disease have increased. Here, we report characterization of five newly collected turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) isolates named KBJ1, KBJ2, KBJ3, KBJ4 and KBJ5 from a survey on Jeju Island in 2017. Full-length cDNAs of each isolate were cloned into the pJY vector downstream of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S and bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoters. Their fulllength sequences share 98.9-99.9% nucleotide sequence identity and were most closely related to previously reported Korean TuMV isolates. All isolates belonged to the BR group and infected both Chinese cabbage and radish. Four isolates induced very mild symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana but KBJ5 induced a hypersensitive response. Symptom differences may result from three amino acid differences uniquely present in KBJ5; Gly(382)Asp, Ile(891)Val, and Lys(2522)Glu in P1, P3, and NIb, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xing Hu
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Byoung-Jo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Younghwan Kwak
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Eun-Young Seo
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Jung-Kyu Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Jae-Yeong Han
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - In-Sook Cho
- National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Leslie L Domier
- Soybean/Maize Germplasm, Pathology, and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801,
USA
| | - John Hammond
- Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, United States National Arboretum, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705,
USA
| | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
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Hu WX, Seo EY, Cho IS, Kim JK, Ju HK, Kim IH, Choi GW, Kim B, Ahn CH, Domier LL, Oh SK, Hammond J, Lim HS. Amino acid differences in the N-terminal half of the polyprotein of Chinese turnip mosaic virus isolates affect symptom expression in Nicotiana benthamiana and radish. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1683-1689. [PMID: 30963304 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xing Hu
- Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Seo
- Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook Cho
- National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, 100, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kyu Kim
- Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Kyoung Ju
- Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Kim
- Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Go-Woon Choi
- Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Kim
- Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Hee Ahn
- Breeding Research Institute of Daeil Seed, Gimje, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Leslie L Domier
- Department of Crop Sciences, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sang-Keun Oh
- Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - John Hammond
- Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Arboretum, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang L, Shang J, Jia Q, Li K, Yang H, Liu H, Tang Z, Chang X, Zhang M, Wang W, Yang W. Genetic evolutionary analysis of soybean mosaic virus populations from three geographic locations in China based on the P1 and CP genes. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1037-1048. [PMID: 30747339 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the major pathogens causing serious soybean losses. Little is known about the genetic structure and evolutionary biology of the SMV population in southwestern China. In this study, 29 SMV isolates were obtained from Sichuan Province, and the genomic regions encoding the first protein (P1) and coat protein (CP) were sequenced. Combined with SMV isolates from the southeastern and northeastern regions of China, the genetic and molecular evolution of SMV was studied. Recombination analysis revealed that intraspecific and interspecific recombination had occurred in the SMV population. A phylogenetic tree based on the P1 gene reflected the geographic origin of the non-interspecific recombinant SMV (SMV-NI), while a tree based on the CP gene did not. Though frequent gene flow of the SMV-NI populations was found between the southeastern and northeastern populations, the southwestern population was relatively independent. Genetic differentiation was significant between the SMV interspecific recombinant (SMV-RI) and the non-interspecific recombinant (SMV-NI) populations. It was interesting to note that there was an almost identical recombination breakpoint in SMV-RI and Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV). Population dynamics showed that SMV-RI might be in an expanding state, while the SMV-NI population is relatively stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‑physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jing Shang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‑physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Qi Jia
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‑physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kai Li
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang 1, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhongqin Tang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‑physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoli Chang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‑physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenming Wang
- College of Agronomy and Key Laboratory for Major Crop Diseases, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System and Key Laboratory of Crop Eco‑physiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Rodamilans B, Valli A, Mingot A, San León D, López-Moya JJ, García JA. An atypical RNA silencing suppression strategy provides a snapshot of the evolution of sweet potato-infecting potyviruses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15937. [PMID: 30374036 PMCID: PMC6206096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses usually encode proteins with RNA silencing suppression (RSS) activity to counteract plant defenses. In Potyvirus, the largest genus in the family Potyviridae, this role is taken over by the multifunctional HCPro, also involved in aphid transmission, polyprotein processing and virion formation. Recently, the large P1 of Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) was characterized finding an extra ORF produced after polymerase slippage, which originates the product P1N-PISPO. Transient expression assays showed that SPFMV P1 and P1N-PISPO presented RSS activity, while HCPro did not. In this work, we analyze possible differences between HCPro of SPFMV and other potyviruses, testing HCPro RSS activity in a transient expression assay, and using a Plum pox virus-based system to test the ability of SPFMV P1N-PISPO and HCPro to serve as RNA silencing suppressors in the context of a viral infection. Our results indicate that not only P1 and P1N-PISPO, but also HCPro display RSS activity when expressed in a suitable context, stressing the importance of the selected experimental system for testing anti-silencing capacity of proteins. The presence of multiple viral silencing suppressors in SPFMV adds complexity to an already intricate RSS system, and provides insight into the hypothetical evolution of sweet potato-infecting potyvirids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrián Valli
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología CNB, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ares Mingot
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics CRAG, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David San León
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología CNB, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José López-Moya
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics CRAG, CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Hajimorad MR, Domier LL, Tolin SA, Whitham SA, Saghai Maroof MA. Soybean mosaic virus: a successful potyvirus with a wide distribution but restricted natural host range. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:1563-1579. [PMID: 29134790 PMCID: PMC6638002 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
TAXONOMY Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a species within the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae, which includes almost one-quarter of all known plant RNA viruses affecting agriculturally important plants. The Potyvirus genus is the largest of all genera of plant RNA viruses with 160 species. PARTICLE The filamentous particles of SMV, typical of potyviruses, are about 7500 Å long and 120 Å in diameter with a central hole of about 15 Å in diameter. Coat protein residues are arranged in helices of about 34 Å pitch having slightly less than nine subunits per turn. GENOME The SMV genome consists of a single-stranded, positive-sense, polyadenylated RNA of approximately 9.6 kb with a virus-encoded protein (VPg) linked at the 5' terminus. The genomic RNA contains a single large open reading frame (ORF). The polypeptide produced from the large ORF is processed proteolytically by three viral-encoded proteinases to yield about 10 functional proteins. A small ORF, partially overlapping the P3 cistron, pipo, is encoded as a fusion protein in the N-terminus of P3 (P3N + PIPO). BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES SMV's host range is restricted mostly to two plant species of a single genus: Glycine max (cultivated soybean) and G. soja (wild soybean). SMV is transmitted by aphids non-persistently and by seeds. The variability of SMV is recognized by reactions on cultivars with dominant resistance (R) genes. Recessive resistance genes are not known. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE As a consequence of its seed transmissibility, SMV is present in all soybean-growing areas of the world. SMV infections can reduce significantly seed quantity and quality (e.g. mottled seed coats, reduced seed size and viability, and altered chemical composition). CONTROL The most effective means of managing losses from SMV are the planting of virus-free seeds and cultivars containing single or multiple R genes. KEY ATTRACTIONS The interactions of SMV with soybean genotypes containing different dominant R genes and an understanding of the functional role(s) of SMV-encoded proteins in virulence, transmission and pathogenicity have been investigated intensively. The SMV-soybean pathosystem has become an excellent model for the examination of the genetics and genomics of a uniquely complex gene-for-gene resistance model in a crop of worldwide importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Hajimorad
- Department of Entomology and Plant PathologyThe University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA
| | - L. L. Domier
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service and Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA
| | - S. A. Tolin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed ScienceVirginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA
| | - S. A. Whitham
- Department of Plant Pathology and MicrobiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA
| | - M. A. Saghai Maroof
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061USA
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Zhao Q, Li H, Sun H, Li A, Liu S, Yu R, Cui X, Zhang D, Wuriyanghan H. Salicylic acid and broad spectrum of NBS-LRR family genes are involved in SMV-soybean interactions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 123:132-140. [PMID: 29232653 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a severe pathogen reducing crop yield and seed quality of soybean. Although several resistance gene loci including Rsv1, Rsv3 and Rsv4 are identified in some soybean varieties, most of the soybean genes related to SMV infection are still not characterized. In order to reveal genome-wide gene expression profiles in response to SMV infection, we used transcriptome analysis to determine SMV-responsive genes in susceptible variety Hefeng25. Time course RNA-seq analysis at 1, 5 and 10 dpi identified many deregulated pathways and gene families. "Plant-pathogen interaction" pathway with KEGG No. of KO04626 was highly enriched and dozens of NBS-LRR family genes were significantly down-regulated at 5 dpi. qRT-PCR analyses were performed to verify expression patterns of these genes and most were in accordance with the RNA-seq data. As NBS-LRR family proteins are broadly involved in plant immunity responses, our results indicated the importance of this time point (5 dpi) for SMV-soybean interaction. Consistent with it, SMV titer was increased from 1 dpi to 10 dpi and peaked at 5 dpi. Expression of SA (salicylic acid) marker gene PR-1 was induced by SMV infection. Application of exogenous MeSA, an active form of SA, primed the plant resistant to virus infection and reduced SMV accumulation in soybean. Interestingly, MeSA treatment also significantly upregulated expressions of SMV-responsive NBS-LRR genes. Compared with susceptible line Hefeng25, endogenous SA level was higher and was consistently induced by SMV infection in resistant variety RV8143. Moreover, expressions of NBS-LRR family genes were up-regulated by SMV infection in RV8143, while they were down-regulated by SMV infection in Hefeng25. Our results implied that SA and NBS-LRR family genes were involved in SMV-soybean interaction. SMV could compromise soybean defense responses by repression of NBS-LRR family genes in Hefeng25, and SA was implicated in this interaction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, No. 235 West College Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Haina Li
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, No. 235 West College Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Hongyu Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, No. 235 West College Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Aoga Li
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, No. 235 West College Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Shuxin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, No. 235 West College Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Ruonan Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, No. 235 West College Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Xiuqi Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, No. 235 West College Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, China
| | - Dejian Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, No. 235 West College Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, China.
| | - Hada Wuriyanghan
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, No. 235 West College Road, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, China.
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Kim NG, Seo EY, Han SH, Gong JS, Park CN, Park HS, Domier LL, Hammond J, Lim HS. Pseudomonas oleovorans Strain KBPF-004 Culture Supernatants Reduced Seed Transmission of Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus and Pepper mild mottle virus, and Remodeled Aggregation of 126 kDa and Subcellular Localization of Movement Protein of Pepper mild mottle virus. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2017; 33:393-401. [PMID: 28811756 PMCID: PMC5538443 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.03.2017.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to control viral diseases in crop production include several types of physical or chemical treatments; antiviral extracts of a number of plants have also been examined to inhibit plant viral infection. However, treatments utilizing naturally selected microorganisms with activity against plant viruses are poorly documented. Here we report isolation of a soil inhabiting bacterium, Pseudomonas oleovorans strain KBPF-004 (developmental code KNF2016) which showed antiviral activity against mechanical transmission of tobamoviruses. Antiviral activity was also evaluated in seed transmission of two tobamoviruses, Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) and Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), by treatment of seed collected from infected pepper and watermelon, respectively. Pepper and watermelon seeds were treated with culture supernatant of P. oleovorans strain KBPF-004 or control strain ATCC 8062 before planting. Seeds germinated after treatment with water or ATCC 8062 yielded about 60% CGMMV or PMMoV positive plants, whereas < 20% of KBPF-004-treated seeds were virus-infected, a significantly reduced seed transmission rate. Furthermore, supernatant of P. oleovorans strain KBPF-004 remodeled aggregation of PMMoV 126 kDa protein and subcellular localization of movement protein in Nicotiana benthamiana, diminishing aggregation of the 126 kDa protein and essentially abolishing association of the movement protein with the microtubule network. In leaves agroinfiltrated with constructs expressing the coat protein (CP) of either PMMoV or CGMMV, less full-size CP was detected in the presence of supernatant of P. oleovorans strain KBPF-004. These changes may contribute to the antiviral effects of P. oleovorans strain KBPF-004.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Gyu Kim
- Central Research Institute, Kyung Nong Co., Ltd., Gyeongju 38175,
Korea
| | - Eun-Young Seo
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Sang-Hyuk Han
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Jun-Su Gong
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Cheol-Nam Park
- Central Research Institute, Kyung Nong Co., Ltd., Gyeongju 38175,
Korea
| | - Ho-Seop Park
- Central Research Institute, Kyung Nong Co., Ltd., Gyeongju 38175,
Korea
| | - Leslie L Domier
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States Department of Agriculture- Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Urbana, IL 61801,
USA
| | - John Hammond
- Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, United States National Arboretum, United States Department of Agriculture- Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Beltsville, MD 20705,
USA
| | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
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Kolliopoulou A, Taning CNT, Smagghe G, Swevers L. Viral Delivery of dsRNA for Control of Insect Agricultural Pests and Vectors of Human Disease: Prospects and Challenges. Front Physiol 2017; 8:399. [PMID: 28659820 PMCID: PMC5469917 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAi is applied as a new and safe method for pest control in agriculture but efficiency and specificity of delivery of dsRNA trigger remains a critical issue. Various agents have been proposed to augment dsRNA delivery, such as engineered micro-organisms and synthetic nanoparticles, but the use of viruses has received relatively little attention. Here we present a critical view of the potential of the use of recombinant viruses for efficient and specific delivery of dsRNA. First of all, it requires the availability of plasmid-based reverse genetics systems for virus production, of which an overview is presented. For RNA viruses, their application seems to be straightforward since dsRNA is produced as an intermediate molecule during viral replication, but DNA viruses also have potential through the production of RNA hairpins after transcription. However, application of recombinant virus for dsRNA delivery may not be straightforward in many cases, since viruses can encode RNAi suppressors, and virus-induced silencing effects can be determined by the properties of the encoded RNAi suppressor. An alternative is virus-like particles that retain the efficiency and specificity determinants of natural virions but have encapsidated non-replicating RNA. Finally, the use of viruses raises important safety issues which need to be addressed before application can proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kolliopoulou
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR “Demokritos,”Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Clauvis N. T. Taning
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, NCSR “Demokritos,”Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
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Park CH, Ju HK, Han JY, Park JS, Kim IH, Seo EY, Kim JK, Hammond J, Lim HS. Complete nucleotide sequences and construction of full-length infectious cDNA clones of cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) in a versatile newly developed binary vector including both 35S and T7 promoters. Virus Genes 2017; 53:286-299. [PMID: 27913980 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Seed-transmitted viruses have caused significant damage to watermelon crops in Korea in recent years, with cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) infection widespread as a result of infected seed lots. To determine the likely origin of CGMMV infection, we collected CGMMV isolates from watermelon and melon fields and generated full-length infectious cDNA clones. The full-length cDNAs were cloned into newly constructed binary vector pJY, which includes both the 35S and T7 promoters for versatile usage (agroinfiltration and in vitro RNA transcription) and a modified hepatitis delta virus ribozyme sequence to precisely cleave RNA transcripts at the 3' end of the tobamovirus genome. Three CGMMV isolates (OMpj, Wpj, and Mpj) were separately evaluated for infectivity in Nicotiana benthamiana, demonstrated by either Agroinfiltration or inoculation with in vitro RNA transcripts. CGMMV nucleotide identities to other tobamoviruses were calculated from pairwise alignments using DNAMAN. CGMMV identities were 49.89% to tobacco mosaic virus; 49.85% to pepper mild mottle virus; 50.47% to tomato mosaic virus; 60.9% to zucchini green mottle mosaic virus; and 60.96% to kyuri green mottle mosaic virus, confirming that CGMMV is a distinct species most similar to other cucurbit-infecting tobamoviruses. We further performed phylogenetic analysis to determine relationships of our new Korean CGMMV isolates to previously characterized isolates from Canada, China, India, Israel, Japan, Korea, Russia, Spain, and Taiwan available from NCBI. Analysis of CGMMV amino acid sequences showed three major clades, broadly typified as 'Russian,' 'Israeli,' and 'Asian' groups. All of our new Korean isolates fell within the 'Asian' clade. Neither the 128 nor 186 kDa RdRps of the three new isolates showed any detectable gene silencing suppressor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Hwan Park
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyoung Ju
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Jae-Yeong Han
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Jong-Seo Park
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Seo
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Jung-Kyu Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - John Hammond
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, United States National Arboretum, Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Hyoun-Sub Lim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea.
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