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Impaired ability of Nef to counteract SERINC5 is associated with reduced plasma viremia in HIV-infected individuals. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19416. [PMID: 33173092 PMCID: PMC7656250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 Nef plays an essential role in enhancing virion infectivity by antagonizing the host restriction molecule SERINC5. Because Nef is highly polymorphic due to the selective forces of host cellular immunity, we hypothesized that certain immune-escape polymorphisms may impair Nef’s ability to antagonize SERINC5 and thereby influence viral fitness in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we identified 58 Nef polymorphisms that were overrepresented in HIV-infected patients in Japan sharing the same HLA genotypes. The number of immune-associated Nef polymorphisms was inversely correlated with the plasma viral load. By breaking down the specific HLA allele-associated mutations, we found that a number of the HLA-B*51:01-associated Y120F and Q125H mutations were most significantly associated with a reduced plasma viral load. A series of biochemical experiments showed that the double mutations Y120F/Q125H, but not either single mutation, impaired Nef’s ability to antagonize SERINC5 and was associated with decreasing virion infectivity and viral replication in primary lymphocytes. In contrast, other Nef functions such as CD4, CCR5, CXCR4 and HLA class I downregulation and CD74 upregulation remained unchanged. Taken together, our results suggest that the differential ability of Nef to counteract SERINC5 by naturally occurring immune-associated mutations was associated with the plasma viral load in vivo.
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Usmani SM, Murooka TT, Deruaz M, Koh WH, Sharaf RR, Di Pilato M, Power KA, Lopez P, Hnatiuk R, Vrbanac VD, Tager AM, Allen TM, Luster AD, Mempel TR. HIV-1 Balances the Fitness Costs and Benefits of Disrupting the Host Cell Actin Cytoskeleton Early after Mucosal Transmission. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 25:73-86.e5. [PMID: 30629922 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 primarily infects T lymphocytes and uses these motile cells as migratory vehicles for effective dissemination in the host. Paradoxically, the virus at the same time disrupts multiple cellular processes underlying lymphocyte motility, seemingly counterproductive to rapid systemic infection. Here we show by intravital microscopy in humanized mice that perturbation of the actin cytoskeleton via the lentiviral protein Nef, and not changes to chemokine receptor expression or function, is the dominant cause of dysregulated infected T cell motility in lymphoid tissue by preventing stable cellular polarization required for fast migration. Accordingly, disrupting the Nef hydrophobic patch that facilitates actin cytoskeletal perturbation initially accelerates systemic viral dissemination after female genital transmission. However, the same feature of Nef was subsequently critical for viral persistence in immune-competent hosts. Therefore, a highly conserved activity of lentiviral Nef proteins has dual effects and imposes both fitness costs and benefits on the virus at different stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariq M Usmani
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas T Murooka
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; University of Manitoba, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Maud Deruaz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wan Hon Koh
- University of Manitoba, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Radwa R Sharaf
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mauro Di Pilato
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karen A Power
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paul Lopez
- University of Manitoba, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ryan Hnatiuk
- University of Manitoba, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Vladimir D Vrbanac
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew M Tager
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Todd M Allen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thorsten R Mempel
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Jin SW, Markle TJ, Anmole G, Rahimi A, Kuang XT, Brumme ZL, Brockman MA. Modulation of TCR-dependent NFAT signaling is impaired in HIV-1 Nef isolates from elite controllers. Virology 2019; 530:39-50. [PMID: 30780124 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 Nef modulates the activation state of CD4+ T cells by altering signaling events elicited by the T cell receptor (TCR). Primary nef sequences exhibit extensive inter-individual diversity that influences their ability to downregulate CD4 and HLA class I; however, the impact of nef variation on modulation of T cell signaling is poorly characterized. Here, we measured TCR-mediated activation of NFAT transcription factor in the presence of nef alleles isolated from 45 elite controllers (EC) and 46 chronic progressors (CP). EC Nef clones displayed lower ability to inhibit NFAT signaling (median 87 [IQR 75-93]% relative to SF2 Nef) compared to CP clones (94 [IQR 89-98]%) (p < 0.001). Polymorphisms in Nef's N-terminal domain impaired its ability to inhibit NFAT signaling. Results indicate that primary nef alleles exhibit a range of abilities to modulate TCR-dependent NFAT signaling, implicating natural variation in this function as a potential contributor to differential HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Jin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Tristan J Markle
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Gursev Anmole
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Asa Rahimi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Xiaomei T Kuang
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Zabrina L Brumme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mark A Brockman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; Dept. of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada; British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Mann JK, Omarjee S, Khumalo P, Ndung'u T. Genetic determinants of Nef-mediated CD4 and HLA class I down-regulation differences between HIV-1 subtypes B and C. Virol J 2015; 12:200. [PMID: 26607225 PMCID: PMC4660847 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1 subtype C Nef sequences have a significantly lower ability overall to down-regulate CD4 and HLA-I than subtype B Nef sequences. Here we investigated whether Nef amino acids differing in frequency between HIV-1 subtypes B and C explain lower CD4 and HLA-I down-regulation ability of subtype C. FINDINGS Subtype-specific mutations were introduced into representative subtype B and C Nef sequences and the CD4 and HLA-I down-regulation ability of these mutants was measured by flow cytometry in a CD4+ T cell line. Subtype C consensus 20I and subtype B consensus 20M reduced and increased HLA-I down-regulation respectively, and the S88G immune escape mutation (which is significantly more frequent in subtype C than subtype B) reduced CD4 and HLA-I down-regulation. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that these subtype-specific differences may partly contribute to inter-subtype functional differences, and identification of an immune escape mutation - S88G - that impairs Nef function is of relevance to vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn K Mann
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, 4013, South Africa. .,KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
| | - Saleha Omarjee
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, 4013, South Africa. .,KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
| | - Phumzile Khumalo
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, 4013, South Africa. .,KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa.
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 719 Umbilo Road, Durban, 4013, South Africa. .,KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa. .,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, D-10117, Berlin, Germany.
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