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Wu WC, Chen IH, Hou PY, Wang LH, Tsai CH, Cheng CP. The phosphorylation of the movement protein TGBp1 regulates the accumulation of the Bamboo mosaic virus. J Gen Virol 2024; 105. [PMID: 38189334 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of viral movement proteins plays a crucial role in regulating virus movement. Our study focused on investigating the movement protein TGBp1 of Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV), which is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. Specifically, we examined four potential phosphorylation sites (S15, S18, T58, and S247) within the TGBp1 protein. To study the impact of phosphorylation, we introduced amino acid substitutions at the selected sites. Alanine substitutions were used to prevent phosphorylation, while aspartate substitutions were employed to mimic phosphorylation. Our findings suggest that mimicking phosphorylation at S15, S18 and T58 of TGBp1 might be linked to silencing suppressor activities. The phosphorylated form at these sites exhibits a loss of silencing suppressor activity, leading to reduced viral accumulation in the inoculated leaves. Furthermore, mimicking phosphorylation at residues S15 and S18 could diminish viral accumulation at the single-cell level, while doing so at residue T58 could influence virus movement. However, mimicking phosphorylation at residue S247 does not appear to be relevant to both functions of TGBp1. Overall, our study provides insights into the functional significance of specific phosphorylation sites in BaMV TGBp1, illuminating the regulatory mechanisms involved in virus movement and silencing suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Hsuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
- Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Yu Hou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lan-Hui Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Hsiu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
- Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Ping Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, 970, Taiwan, ROC
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Wu X, Cheng X. Intercellular movement of plant RNA viruses: Targeting replication complexes to the plasmodesma for both accuracy and efficiency. Traffic 2020; 21:725-736. [PMID: 33090653 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Replication and movement are two critical steps in plant virus infection. Recent advances in the understanding of the architecture and subcellular localization of virus-induced inclusions and the interactions between viral replication complex (VRC) and movement proteins (MPs) allow for the dissection of the intrinsic relationship between replication and movement, which has revealed that recruitment of VRCs to the plasmodesma (PD) via direct or indirect MP-VRC interactions is a common strategy used for cell-to-cell movement by most plant RNA viruses. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the understanding of virus-induced inclusions and their roles in virus replication and cell-to-cell movement, analyze the advantages of such coreplicational movement from a viral point of view and discuss the possible mechanical force by which MPs drive the movement of virions or viral RNAs through the PD. Finally, we highlight the missing pieces of the puzzle of viral movement that are especially worth investigating in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region of Chinese Education Ministry, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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den Hollander PW, Kieper SN, Borst JW, van Lent JWM. The role of plasmodesma-located proteins in tubule-guided virus transport is limited to the plasmodesmata. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2431-40. [PMID: 27339685 PMCID: PMC4987395 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular spread of plant viruses involves passage of the viral genome or virion through a plasmodesma (PD). Some viruses severely modify the PD structure, as they assemble a virion carrying tubule composed of the viral movement protein (MP) inside the PD channel. Successful modulation of the host plant to allow infection requires an intimate interaction between viral proteins and both structural and regulatory host proteins. To date, however, very few host proteins are known to promote virus spread. Plasmodesmata-located proteins (PDLPs) localised in the PD have been shown to contribute to tubule formation in cauliflower mosaic virus and grapevine fanleaf virus infections. In this study, we have investigated the role of PDLPs in intercellular transport of another tubule-forming virus, cowpea mosaic virus. The MP of this virus was found to interact with PDLPs in the PD, as was shown for other tubule-forming viruses. Expression of PDLPs and MPs in protoplasts in the absence of a PD revealed that these proteins do not co-localise at the site of tubule initiation. Furthermore, we show that tubule assembly in protoplasts does not require an interaction with PDLPs at the base of the tubule, as has been observed in planta. These results suggest that a physical interaction between MPs and PDLPs is not required for assembly of the movement tubule and that the beneficial role of PDLPs in virus movement is confined to the structural context of the PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W den Hollander
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S N Kieper
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J W Borst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Microspectroscopy Centre, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J W M van Lent
- Laboratory of Virology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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