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Zhou N, Chen L, Wang C, Lv M, Shan F, Li W, Wu Y, Du X, Fan J, Liu M, Shi M, Cao J, Zhai J, Chen W. Isolation, genome analysis and comparison of a novel parainfluenza virus 5 from a Siberian tiger ( Panthera tigris). Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1356378. [PMID: 38686028 PMCID: PMC11057237 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1356378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Paramyxoviruses are important pathogens affecting various animals, including mammals and humans. Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)-a member of the family Paramyxoviridae-is a major threat to the health of mammals and humans. However, studies on terrestrial wild animals infected with PIV5 are scanty. In this study, we utilized reverse transcription PCR to detect PIV5 infection in the visceral organ tissues of a Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris ssp. altaica) with vomiting, diarrhea, and dyspnea before its death. A novel PIV5 (named SR strain) with a slowly progressive cytopathic effect was isolated in Vero cells and validated using a transmission electron microscope. Full-length sequencing and analysis revealed that the whole genome of the PIV5 SR strain contained 15,246 nucleotides (nt) and seven non-overlapping genes (3'-N-V/P-M-F-SH-HN-L-5') encoding eight proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of three PIV5 strains identified in the same zoo confirmed that PIV5 strains SR and ZJQ-221 shared the closest genetic relationship as they were clustered in the same branch, while the recently found Siberian tiger strain SZ2 kept a certain distance and formed a relatively unique branch. Furthermore, mutations of nt and amino acids (aa) between strains ZJQ-221, SR, and SZ2 were identified. In summary, we report the identification and genomic characterization of a novel PIV5 strain SR isolated in a Siberian tiger, which may help future research on interspecific transmission mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Zhou
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Yuanzhou District, Yichun, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengna Lv
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Shan
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajiang Wu
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Du
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Minting Liu
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Menghan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingjing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junqiong Zhai
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu Chen
- Guangzhou Zoo, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Wildlife Research Center, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Randall RE, Young DF, Hughes DJ, Goodbourn S. Persistent paramyxovirus infections: in co-infections the parainfluenza virus type 5 persistent phenotype is dominant over the lytic phenotype. J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001916. [PMID: 37962188 PMCID: PMC10768688 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parainfluenza virus type 5 (PIV5) can either have a persistent or a lytic phenotype in cultured cells. We have previously shown that the phenotype is determined by the phosphorylation status of the phosphoprotein (P). Single amino acid substitutions at critical residues, including a serine-to-phenylalanine substitution at position 157 on P, result in a switch between persistent and lytic phenotypes. Here, using PIV5 vectors expressing either mCherry or GFP with persistent or lytic phenotypes, we show that in co-infections the persistent phenotype is dominant. Thus, in contrast to the cell death observed with cells infected solely with the lytic variant, in co-infected cells persistence is immediately established and both lytic and persistent genotypes persist. Furthermore, 10-20 % of virus released from dually infected cells contains both genotypes, indicating that PIV5 particles can package more than one genome. Co-infected cells continue to maintain both genotypes/phenotypes during cell passage, as do individual colonies of cells derived from a culture of persistently infected cells. A refinement of our model on how the dynamics of virus selection may occur in vivo is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard E. Randall
- School of Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, BMS Building, North Haugh, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Dan F. Young
- School of Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, BMS Building, North Haugh, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David J. Hughes
- School of Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, BMS Building, North Haugh, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Steve Goodbourn
- Section for Pathogen Research, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
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3
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Kim JM, Kim HR, Baek JS, Kwon OK, Kang HE, Shin YK, Park CK. Simple and Rapid Colorimetric Detection of Canine Parainfluenza Virus 5 ( Orthorubulavirus mammalis) Using a Reverse-Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay. Pathogens 2023; 12:921. [PMID: 37513767 PMCID: PMC10384626 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its many advantages, a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay has yet to be developed for canine parainfluenza virus 5 (CPIV5). In this study, a visual RT-LAMP (vRT-LAMP) assay was developed for the rapid detection of CPIV5 in clinical samples. At a constant reaction temperature of 62 °C, the assay was completed within 40 min, and the results could be directly detected with the naked eye using a hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) metal indicator without any additional detection apparatuses. The assay specifically amplified CPIV5 RNA with a limit of detection of 10 RNA copies/reaction, which was 10-fold more sensitive than the previously reported conventional reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (cRT-PCR) assay and was comparable to the previously reported real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay. In a clinical evaluation using 267 nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from hospitalized dogs with respiratory symptoms, the CPIV5 detection rate using the vRT-LAMP assay was 5.24% (14/267), which was higher than that of the cRT-PCR assay (4.49%, 12/267) and consistent with that of the qRT-PCR assay, demonstrating 100% concordance with a kappa coefficient value (95% confidence interval) of 1 (1.00-1.00). The discrepancies in the results of the assays were confirmed to be attributed to the low sensitivity of the cRT-PCR assay. Owing to the advantages of a high specificity, rapidity, and simplicity, the developed vRT-LAMP assay using an HNB metal indicator will be a valuable diagnostic tool for the detection of CPIV5 in canine clinical samples, even in resource-limited laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- DIVA Bio Incorporation, Daegu 41519, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Kyu Kwon
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Eun Kang
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeun-Kyung Shin
- Foreign Animal Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Truong HT, Nguyen VG, Pham LBH, Huynh TML, Lee J, Hwang SJ, Lee JM, Chung HC. PCR-Based Detection and Genetic Characterization of Parainfluenza Virus 5 Detected in Pigs in Korea from 2016 to 2018. Vet Sci 2023; 10:414. [PMID: 37505820 PMCID: PMC10384901 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study applied a molecular-based method to detect parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) collected from 2016 to 2018 in nine provinces of Republic of Korea. We demonstrated that PIV5 was detectable in both serum and pooled organs at an average positive rate of 1.78% (99/5566). Among these, the complete genome sequence of 15,246 nucleotides was obtained for 12 field strains. Three out of the 12 strains had the lowest genetic identity (96.20-96.68%) among the 21 porcine PIV5 genomes collected in Germany, China, India, and Republic of Korea from 1998 to 2017. By analyzing a large collection of complete genome sequences of the structural protein-coding F and HN genes, this study proposed a classification of PIV5 into two lineages, 1 and 2, and identified that group 2.2.2 within sub-lineage 2.2 was substantially divergent. The evolution of two structural protein-coding genes was largely under purifying selection. A few codons (6/9 for the F gene, 7/8 for the HN gene) had elevated dN/dS values, which were loaded on internal branches and were predicted to be related to beneficial trait(s) of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Thai Truong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Van-Giap Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Le-Bich-Hang Pham
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi-My-Le Huynh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Jasper Lee
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute of Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Su-Jin Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Myun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Chun Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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5
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An Improved Duplex Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR Assay with a Canine Endogenous Internal Positive Control for More Sensitive and Reliable Detection of Canine Parainfluenza Virus 5. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020142. [PMID: 36851445 PMCID: PMC9965950 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A duplex real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (dqRT-PCR) assay was successfully developed to simultaneously detect canine parainfluenza virus 5 (CPIV5) and a canine endogenous internal positive control (EIPC) in canine clinical samples. Two sets of primers and probes for the CPIV5 L and canine 16S rRNA genes were included in the dqRT-PCR assay to detect CPIV and monitor invalid results throughout the qRT-PCR process. The developed dqRT-PCR assay specifically detected CPIV5 but no other canine pathogens. Furthermore, 16S rRNA was stably amplified by dqRT-PCR assay in all samples containing canine cellular materials. The assay's sensitivity was determined as below ten RNA copies per reaction, with CPIV5 L gene standard RNA and 1 TCID50/mL with the CPIV5 D008 vaccine strain, which was 10-fold higher than that of the previous HN gene-specific qRT-PCR (HN-qRT-PCR) assays and was equivalent to that of the previous N gene-specific qRT-PCR (N-qRT-PCR) assays, respectively. Moreover, the Ct values of the CPIV5-positive samples obtained using the dqRT-PCR assay were lower than those obtained using the previous HN- and N-qRT-PCR assays, indicating that the diagnostic performance of the dqRT-PCR assay was superior to those of previous HN- and N-qRT-PCR assays. The calculated Cohen's kappa coefficient values (95% confidence interval) between dqRT-PCR and the HN- or N-specific qRT-PCR assays were 0.97 (0.90-1.03) or 1.00 (1.00-1.00), respectively. In conclusion, the newly developed dqRT-PCR assay with high sensitivity, specificity, and reliability will be a promising diagnostic tool for the detection of CPIV5 in clinical samples and useful for etiological and epidemiological studies of CPIV5 infection in dogs.
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Kim JM, Kim HR, Jeon GT, Baek JS, Kwon OD, Park CK. Molecular Detection of Porcine Parainfluenza Viruses 1 and 5 Using a Newly Developed Duplex Real-Time RT-PCR in South Korea. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040598. [PMID: 36830385 PMCID: PMC9951646 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Two species of porcine parainfluenza viruses (PPIV), PPIV1 and PPIV5, are globally distributed in pig herds and associated with porcine respiratory diseases, and a diagnostic tool for the simultaneous detection of the two viruses is required. In this study, a TaqMan probe-based duplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (dqRT-PCR) assay was first developed for the differential detection of PPIV1 and PPIV5 nucleocapsid protein (NP) genes in porcine clinical samples. The dqRT-PCR assay was highly sensitive, its limit of detection was approximately 10 RNA copies/reaction, it specifically amplified the targeted NP genes of PPIV1 and PPIV5 without cross-reacting with other porcine pathogens, and their clinical detection rates were 15.2% and 0.7%, respectively. The results from 441 clinical samples taken from 278 Korean domestic pig farms showed that the prevalence of PPIV1 and PPIV5 was 11.2% and 1.1%, respectively, and co-infection of both viruses was confirmed in a farm, suggesting that PPIV1 and PPIV5 are co-circulating in current Korean pig herds. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial NP genes suggested that genetically diverse PPIV1 strains are circulating in Korean pig herds. The developed dqRT-PCR assay was found to be an accurate, reliable, and quantitative detection tool for PPIV1 and PPIV5 RNA in clinical pig samples and will be useful for etiological and epidemiological studies and the control of viral infections in the field.
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7
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Yang M, Ma Y, Jiang Q, Song M, Kang H, Liu J, Qu L. Isolation, identification and pathogenic characteristics of tick-derived parainfluenza virus 5 in northeast China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3300-3316. [PMID: 35964328 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The number of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) infection cases has increased worldwide over the past six decades; however, factors underlying this increase remain unclear. PIV5 has been emerging or re-emerging in humans and animal species. To date, no information is yet available regarding PIV5 infection in arthropod ticks. Here, we successfully isolated tick-derived PIV5 from the Ixodes persulcatus species designated as HLJ/Tick/2019 in Heilongjiang, China. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the tick-derived PIV5 is closely related to subclade 2.2.6, which has become the dominant subtype prevalent in dogs, pigs and wildlife across China. Further experiments to understand the importance of this virus as an infectious vector revealed that a ferret animal model experimentally infected with Tick/HLJ/2019 via the oronasal and ocular inoculation routes developed moderate respiratory distress with pneumonia and neurologic tissue damage from inflammation for the first time. Further surveillance of PIV5 in vectors of viral transmission is necessary to enhance our knowledge of its ecology in reservoirs and facilitate the control of re-emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfa Yang
- Division of Zoonosis of Natural Foci, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yunyun Ma
- Division of Zoonosis of Natural Foci, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Division of Zoonosis of Natural Foci, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mingxin Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Kang
- Division of Zoonosis of Natural Foci, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jiasen Liu
- Division of Zoonosis of Natural Foci, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Liandong Qu
- Division of Zoonosis of Natural Foci, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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8
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Singh F, Rajukumar K, Senthilkumar D, Venkatesh G, Srivastava D, Kombiah S, Jhade SK, Singh VP. First report on co-isolation and whole-genomic characterisation of mammalian orthorubulavirus 5 and mammalian orthoreovirus type 3 from domestic pigs in India. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1529-1545. [PMID: 35604502 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05459-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
During a surveillance study to monitor porcine epidemic diarrohoea virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus in India, a total of 1043 swine samples including faeces (n = 264) and clotted blood (n = 779) were collected and tested. Five samples (four faecal and one serum) showed cytopathic effects in Vero cells. Transmission electron microscopy of infectious cell supernatant revealed the presence of two types of virions. Next-generation sequencing (de novo) allowed the complete genome sequence of mammalian orthorubulavirus 5 (MRuV5; 15246 bp) and that of all 10 gene segments of mammalian orthoreovirus to be determined. Genetic analysis of MRuV5 revealed grouping of the Indian MRuV5 with isolates from various mammalian species in South Korea and China, sharing more than 99% nucleotide sequence identity. The deduced amino acid sequences of the HN, NP, and F genes of MRuV5 isolates showed three (92L, 111R, 447H), two (86S, 121S), and two (139T, 246T) amino acid substitutions, respectively, compared to previously reported virus strains. Phylogenic analysis based on S1 gene sequences showed the Indian MRV isolates to be clustered in lineage IV of MRV type 3, with the highest nucleotide sequence identity (97.73%) to MRV3 strain ZJ2013, isolated from pigs in China. The protein encoded by the MRV3 S1 gene was found to contain the amino acid residues 198-204NLAIRLP, 249I, 340D, and 419E, which are known to be involved in sialic acid binding and neurotropism. This is the first report of co-isolation and whole-genomic characterisation of MRuV5 and MRV3 in domestic pigs in India. The present study lays a foundation for further surveillance studies and continuous monitoring of the emergence and spread of evolving viruses that might have pathogenic potential in animal and human hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateh Singh
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462022, India.
| | - Katherukamem Rajukumar
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462022, India
| | - Dhanapal Senthilkumar
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462022, India
| | - Govindarajulu Venkatesh
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462022, India
| | - Deepali Srivastava
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462022, India
| | - Subbiah Kombiah
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462022, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Jhade
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462022, India
| | - Vijendra Pal Singh
- ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462022, India
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9
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Molecular detection and whole genome characterization of Canine Parainfluenza type 5 in Thailand. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3866. [PMID: 33594165 PMCID: PMC7887266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parainfluenza virus type 5 (PIV-5) causes respiratory infection in several animal species and humans. Canine parainfluenza virus type 5 (CPIV-5) causes respiratory disease in domestic dogs worldwide. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of CPIV-5 in dogs with respiratory symptoms from small animal hospitals in Thailand from November 2015 to December 2018. Our results showed that 32 out of 571 nasal swab samples (5.6%) were positive for CPIV-5 by RT-PCR specific to the NP gene. To characterize the viruses, three representative CPIV-5 were subjected to whole genome sequencing, and an additional ten CPIV-5 were subjected to HN, F, SH and V/P gene sequencing. Pairwise sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that Thai CPIV-5 was closely related to the CPIV-5 isolated from China and Korea. In conclusion, this study constitutes a whole genome characterization of CPIV-5 from dogs in Thailand. The surveillance of CPIV-5 should be further investigated at a larger scale to determine the dynamics, distribution and potential zoonotic transmission of CPIV-5.
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Xie J, Tong P, Zhang A, Zhang L, Song X, Kuang L. Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5. Virol Sin 2020; 35:245-247. [PMID: 31916021 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Panpan Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Aoyuntuya Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Xiaozhen Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Ling Kuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China.
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11
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Complete Genome Sequence of Parainfluenza Virus 5 (PIV5) from a Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica) in China. J Wildl Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.7589/2018-09-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Novel Mammalian orthorubulavirus 5 Discovered as Accidental Cell Culture Contaminant. Viruses 2019; 11:v11090777. [PMID: 31450796 PMCID: PMC6783914 DOI: 10.3390/v11090777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A distinct Russian Mammalian orthorubulavirus 5 (PIV5) was detected in cell culture exhibiting cytopathic effect and hypothesized to be contaminated by a scientist with respiratory symptoms. The identification of the divergent strain indicated a lack of knowledge on the diversity of PIV5 strains and calls for surveillance of global PIV5 strains.
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13
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Young DF, Wignall-Fleming EB, Busse DC, Pickin MJ, Hankinson J, Randall EM, Tavendale A, Davison AJ, Lamont D, Tregoning JS, Goodbourn S, Randall RE. The switch between acute and persistent paramyxovirus infection caused by single amino acid substitutions in the RNA polymerase P subunit. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007561. [PMID: 30742688 PMCID: PMC6386407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paramyxoviruses can establish persistent infections both in vitro and in vivo, some of which lead to chronic disease. However, little is known about the molecular events that contribute to the establishment of persistent infections by RNA viruses. Using parainfluenza virus type 5 (PIV5) as a model we show that phosphorylation of the P protein, which is a key component of the viral RNA polymerase complex, determines whether or not viral transcription and replication becomes repressed at late times after infection. If the virus becomes repressed, persistence is established, but if not, the infected cells die. We found that single amino acid changes at various positions within the P protein switched the infection phenotype from lytic to persistent. Lytic variants replicated to higher titres in mice than persistent variants and caused greater infiltration of immune cells into infected lungs but were cleared more rapidly. We propose that during the acute phases of viral infection in vivo, lytic variants of PIV5 will be selected but, as the adaptive immune response develops, variants in which viral replication can be repressed will be selected, leading to the establishment of prolonged, persistent infections. We suggest that similar selection processes may operate for other RNA viruses. As well as causing acute infections that result in mild to serious disease, many RNA viruses can establish prolonged or persistent infections in some infected individuals, that occasionally lead to chronic or reactive disease. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in the establishment of such infections. Using parainfluenza virus type 5 (PIV5) as a model, we show how lytic and persistent variants of the virus can be selected on the basis of single amino acid substitutions and propose that the selection of persistent variants as the adaptive immune response develops following an acute infection might be a mechanism these viruses have evolved to enhance their transmission rates. As well as being of fundamental interest, understanding the molecular basis by which RNA viruses establish persistent infections may improve our understanding of virus epidemiology (and hence improve the control of virus infections) and of virus:host interactions that influence the relationship between virus persistence and chronic/relapsing disease. Furthermore, the knowledge of how RNA viruses, such as PIV5, establish persistent infections may lead to improve vaccine design since vectors which can establish persistent infections may induce longer-lasting more robust immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan F. Young
- School of Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, BMS Building, North Haugh, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth B. Wignall-Fleming
- School of Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, BMS Building, North Haugh, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
- MRC–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Busse
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Section of Virology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Pickin
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Hankinson
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth M. Randall
- School of Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, BMS Building, North Haugh, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Tavendale
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Davison
- MRC–University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Lamont
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - John S. Tregoning
- Mucosal Infection and Immunity Group, Section of Virology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Goodbourn
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard E. Randall
- School of Biology, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, BMS Building, North Haugh, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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14
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Jiang N, Wang E, Guo D, Wang X, Su M, Kong F, Yuan D, Zhai J, Sun D. Isolation and molecular characterization of parainfluenza virus 5 in diarrhea-affected piglets in China. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:590-593. [PMID: 29459504 PMCID: PMC5938184 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) infection has been increasingly reported in
mammals. In this study, five PIV5 strains were isolated from diarrhea-affected piglets
from four provinces or municipalities in China. An F-gene-based phylogenetic tree
indicated that the five isolated strains were closely related to the PIV5 strain ZJQ-221
from a lesser panda in China, and the PIV5 strain 1168-1 from a dog in South Korea. The
new isolates differed genetically from other pig, calf, rhesus macaque kidney cells,
human, and dog PIV5 reference strains. Our study reveals the presence of PIV5 in
intestinal tissue samples collected from diarrhea-affected piglets, and provides novel
information regarding the epidemiology and tissue tropism of PIV5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Jiang
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Swine Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Enyu Wang
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Swine Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Donghua Guo
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Swine Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Swine Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Mingjun Su
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Swine Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Fanzhi Kong
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Swine Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Yuan
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Swine Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Junjun Zhai
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Swine Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, P.R. China
| | - Dongbo Sun
- Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Swine Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, No. 5 Xinfeng Road, Sartu District, Daqing 163319, P.R. China
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15
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Chen Z. Parainfluenza virus 5-vectored vaccines against human and animal infectious diseases. Rev Med Virol 2018; 28. [PMID: 29316047 PMCID: PMC7169218 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative‐sense, nonsegmented, single‐stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family. Parainfluenza virus 5 is an excellent viral vector and has been used as a live vaccine for kennel cough for many years in dogs without any safety concern. It can grow to high titers in many cell types, and its genome is stable even in the presence of foreign gene insertions. So far, PIV5 has been used to develop vaccines against influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, rabies virus, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, demonstrating its ability to elicit robust and protective immune responses in preclinical animal models. Parainfluenza virus 5–based vaccines can be administered intranasally, intramuscularly, or orally. Interestingly, prior exposure of PIV5 does not prevent a PIV5‐vectored vaccine from generating robust immunity, indicating that the vector can be used more than once. Here, these encouraging results are reviewed together along with discussion of the desirable advantages of the PIV5 vaccine vector to aid future vaccine design and to accelerate progression of PIV5‐based vaccines into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, JS, China
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