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Lv LX, Gao J, Wang H, Zhao XF, Wang JX. Infection and intracellular transport of white spot syndrome virus require the ESCRT machinery in shrimp. J Virol 2024:e0043324. [PMID: 38888346 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00433-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The cellular endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) system comprises five distinct components and is involved in many different physiological processes. Recent studies have shown that different viruses rely upon the host ESCRT system for viral infection. However, whether this system is involved in white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection remains unclear. Here, we identified 24 homologs of ESCRT subunits in kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus, and found that some key components were strongly upregulated in shrimp after WSSV infection. Knockdown of key components of the ESCRT system using RNA interference inhibited virus replication, suggesting that the ESCRT system is beneficial for WSSV infection. We further focused on TSG101, a crucial member of the ESCRT-I family that plays a central role in recognizing cargo and activating the ESCRT-II and ESCRT-III complexes. TSG101 colocalized with WSSV in hemocytes. The addition of N16 (a TSG101 inhibitor) markedly decreased WSSV replication. TSG101 and ALIX of the ESCRT system interact with WSSV envelope proteins. The host proteins TSG101, RAB5, and RAB7, the viral protein VP28, and DNA were detected in endosomes isolated from hemocytes of WSSV-infected shrimp. Knockdown of Rab5 and Rab7 expression reduced viral replication. Taken together, these results suggest that the ESCRT system is hijacked by WSSV for transport through the early to late endosome pathway. Our work identified a novel requirement for the intracellular trafficking and infection of WSSV, and provided novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and control of WSSV in shrimp aquaculture. IMPORTANCE Viruses utilize the ESCRT machinery in a variety of strategies for their replication and infection. This study revealed that the interaction of ESCRT complexes with WSSV envelope proteins plays a crucial role in WSSV infection in shrimp. The ESCRT system is conserved in the shrimp Marsupenaeus japonicus, and 24 homologs of the ESCRT system were identified in the shrimp. WSSV exploits the ESCRT system for transport and propagation via the interaction of envelope proteins with host TSG101 and ALIX in an endosome pathway-dependent manner. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of WSSV infection is important for disease control and breeding in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Lv
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Li C, Zhang P, Hong PP, Niu GJ, Wang XP, Zhao XF, Wang JX. White spot syndrome virus hijacks host PP2A-FOXO axes to promote its propagation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128333. [PMID: 38007022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Viruses have developed superior strategies to escape host defenses or exploit host components and enable their infection. The forkhead box transcription factor O family proteins (FOXOs) are reportedly utilized by human cytomegalovirus during their reactivation in mammals, but if FOXOs are exploited by viruses during their infection remains unclear. In the present study, we found that the FOXO of kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus) was hijacked by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) during infection. Mechanistically, the expression of leucine carboxyl methyl transferase 1 (LCMT1) was up-regulated during the early stages of WSSV infection, which activated the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) by methylation, leading to dephosphorylation of FOXO and translocation into the nucleus. The FOXO directly promoted transcription of the immediate early gene, wsv079 of WSSV, which functioned as a transcriptional activator to initiate the expression of viral early and late genes. Thus, WSSV utilized the host LCMT1-PP2A-FOXO axis to promote its replication during the early infection stage. We also found that, during the late stages of WSSV infection, the envelope protein of WSSV (VP26) promoted PP2A activity by directly binding to FOXO and the regulatory subunit of PP2A (B55), which further facilitated FOXO dephosphorylation and WSSV replication via the VP26-PP2A-FOXO axis in shrimp. Overall, this study reveals novel viral strategies by which WSSV hijacks host LCMT1-PP2A-FOXO or VP26-PP2A-FOXO axes to promote its propagation, and provides clinical targets for WSSV control in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Pan-Pan Hong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Guo-Juan Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiao-Pei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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Ruiz-Guerrero EA, Giffard-Mena I, Viana MT, Ramos-Carreño S, Sánchez-Serrano S. Use of brome mosaic virus-like particles in feed, to deliver dsRNA targeting the white spot syndrome virus vp28 gene, reduces Penaeus vannamei mortality. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2023; 156:15-28. [PMID: 37882225 DOI: 10.3354/dao03754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Numerous strategies have been investigated to combat viral infections in shrimp, specifically targeting the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) that has caused outbreaks worldwide since the 1990s. One effective treatment involves intramuscular application of dsRNA-mediated interference against the viral capsid protein VP28. However, this approach presents challenges in terms of individual shrimp management, limiting its application on a large scale. To address this, our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oral delivery of protected dsRNA using chitosan nanoparticles or virus-like particles (VLPs) synthesized in brome mosaic virus (BMV). These delivery systems were administered before, during, and after WSSV infection to assess their therapeutic potential. Our findings indicate that BMV-derived VLPs demonstrated superior efficiency as nanocontainers for dsRNA delivery. Notably, the treatment involving vp28 dsRNA mixed in the feed and administered simultaneously to shrimp already infected with WSSV exhibited the highest survival rate (48%), while the infected group had a survival rate of zero, suggesting the potential efficacy of this prophylactic approach in commercial shrimp farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Andrea Ruiz-Guerrero
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3917, Colonia Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California 22860, Mexico
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Kim MJ, Kim SH, Kim JO, Lee TK, Jang IK, Choi TJ. Efficacy of White Spot Syndrome Virus Protein VP28-Expressing Chlorella vulgaris as an Oral Vaccine for Shrimp. Viruses 2023; 15:2010. [PMID: 37896787 PMCID: PMC10610983 DOI: 10.3390/v15102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the causative agent of white spot disease, which kills shrimp within a few days of infection. Although WSSV has a mortality rate of almost 100% and poses a serious threat to the shrimp farming industry, strategies for its prevention and treatment are extremely limited. In this study, we examined the efficacy of VP28, a recombinant WSSV protein expressed in Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris), as an oral shrimp vaccine. When compared with the control group, in which WSSV had a cumulative mortality of 100%, shrimp treated with 5% VP28-expressing C. vulgaris in their feed only had a 20% cumulative mortality rate 12 days after the WSSV challenge. When compared with the nonvaccinated group, the transcription of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor, C-type lectin, and prophenoloxidase genes, which are involved in shrimp defense against WSSV infection, was upregulated 29.6 fold, 15.4 fold, and 11.5 fold, respectively. These findings highlight C. vulgaris as a potential host for industrial shrimp vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (M.-J.K.); (S.-H.K.); (J.-O.K.)
| | - Su-Hyun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (M.-J.K.); (S.-H.K.); (J.-O.K.)
| | - Jong-Oh Kim
- Department of Microbiology, School of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (M.-J.K.); (S.-H.K.); (J.-O.K.)
| | - Taek-Kyun Lee
- South Sea Environment Research Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje-si 53201, Republic of Korea;
| | - In-Kwon Jang
- Junggyeom Co., Ltd., Goyang-si 10223, Republic of Korea;
| | - Tae-Jin Choi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Marine and Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; (M.-J.K.); (S.-H.K.); (J.-O.K.)
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5
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Ghosh AK. Functionality of probiotics on the resistance capacity of shrimp against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108942. [PMID: 37451524 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Shrimp aquaculture is currently regarded as a significant commercial and food production sector due to its growing importance as a source of human-consumable protein, As shrimp farming has become more intensive, disease outbreaks have become more common, necessitating the overuse of antimicrobial drugs, which has had a number of unintended consequences. The white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is now recognized as one of the world's most pervasive and potentially fatal diseases affecting shrimp. However, there is currently no cure to prevent the disease's uncontrolled incidence and spread. Probiotics are currently favoured over these antimicrobial substances because of their ability to stimulate disease resilience in shrimp farms by strengthening the immune systems naturally. Probiotics for bacterial infections such as vibriosis are well documented, whereas research is still required to identify the legitimate strains for viral diseases. The utilization of these probiotics as a therapy for and preventative measure against WSSV in shrimp farming is a cutting-edge method that has proven to be effective. Some probiotic strains, such as Bacillus spp, Lactobacillus, and Pediococcus pentosaceus, have been displayed to enhance the innate immunity of shrimp against WSSV, reduce viral load, increase digestibility and growth, and support the gut microbiome of the host in multiple investigations. The present review explores recent developments regarding the function of probiotics in shrimp, with a focus on their anti-WSSV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alokesh Kumar Ghosh
- Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Belgium; Fisheries and Marine Resource Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh.
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Tong Y, Yang J, Wang L, Chi X, Zhu C, Yin R, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhao C, Jia R. Effects of dietary supplementation of Anabaena sp. PCC7120 expressing VP28 protein on survival and histopathology after WSSV infection in Macrobrachium nipponense. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108865. [PMID: 37277048 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Shrimp are especially susceptible to the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). Oral administration of the WSSV envelop protein VP28 is a promising approach to protect shrimp against WSSV. In this study, Macrobrachium nipponense (M. nipponense) were fed for 7 days with food supplemented with Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 (Ana7120) expressing VP28 and then challenged with WSSV. The survival rates of M. nipponense in three groups, including control, WSSV-challenged, and VP28-vaccinated, were subsequently determined. We also determined the WSSV content of different tissues and the tissue morphology in the absence of and after viral challenge. The survival rate of the positive control group (no vaccination and challenge, 10%) and empty vector group (fed with Ana7120 pRL-489 algae and challenged, 13.3%) was much lower than the survival rate of M. nipponense in wild type group (fed with Ana7120 and challenged, 18.9%), immunity group 1 (fed with 3.33% Ana7120 pRL-489-vp28 and challenged, 45.6%) or immunity group 2 (fed with 6.66% Ana7120 pRL-489-vp28 and challenged, 62.2%). RT-qPCR showed that WSSV content of the gill, hepatopancreas and muscle of immunity groups 1 and 2 were substantially lower than the positive control. Microscopic examination revealed that WSSV-challenged positive control exhibited large number of cell rupture, necrosis, nuclear exfoliation in gills and hepatopancreatic tissues. The gill and hepatopancreas of immunity group 1 showed partial symptoms of infection, yet the tissue was visibly healthier than that of the positive control group. No symptoms were visible in the gills and hepatopancreatic tissue of immunity group 2. The results demonstrate that the probability of M. nipponense infected by WSSV can be diminished by oral administration of cyanobacteria-expressed VP28. Such an approach could improve the disease resistance and delay the death of M. nipponense in the commercial production of this shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupei Tong
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jia Yang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiaoping Chi
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Chan Zhu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Rong Yin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Le Zhang
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yaru Li
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Chunyan Zhao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Rui Jia
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Wang Q, Xu Y, Xiao C, Zhu F. The effect of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) envelope protein VP28 on innate immunity and resistance to white spot syndrome virus in Cherax quadricarinatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 137:108795. [PMID: 37149234 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
VP28 is the most abundant membrane protein of WSSV, and the recombinant protein VP28 (VP26 or VP24) was constructed for the immune protection experiment in this study. Crayfish were immunized by intramuscular injection of recombinant protein V28 (VP26 or VP24) at a dose of 2 μg/g. The survival rate of crayfish immunized by VP28 showed a higher value than by VP26 or VP24 after WSSV challenge. Compared with the WSSV-positive control group, the VP28-immunized group could inhibit the replication of WSSV in crayfish, increasing the survival rate of crayfish to 66.67% after WSSV infection. The results of gene expression showed that VP28 treatment could enhance the expression of immune genes, mainly JAK and STAT genes. VP28 treatment also enhanced total hemocyte counts and enzyme activities including PO, SOD, and CAT in crayfish. VP28 treatment reduced the apoptosis of hemocytes in crayfish, as well as after WSSV infection. In conclusion, VP28 treatment can enhance the innate immunity of crayfish and has a significant effect on resistance to WSSV, and can be used as a preventive tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yinglei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Chongyang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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Ding Z. Current Disease Threats for Cultivated Crab Eriocheir sinensis in China. Transbound Emerg Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/3305963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
The Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, is a commercially important crustacean in China due to its great commercial value and compatibility in a variety of aquaculture systems. However, increases in its production have been accompanied by the emergence of various diseases affecting yield, profit, and trading potential. In this study, we review the pathogenic agents associated with E. sinensis since the start of its commercial culture. The history of crab cultivation implies that increased pathogen transfer can occur as E. sinensis aquaculture grows because polyculture of E. sinensis with other aquaculture species is a prevalent practice. With this in mind, a special focus of this review is placed on pathogens that were initially discovered in other crustacean species but have since been demonstrated to infect and cause disease in E. sinensis. We expect that this review will not only offer recommendations for disease management in the E. sinensis aquaculture sector but will also advance other crustacean cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfeng Ding
- Institute of Aquatic Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biofunctional Molecules, College of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jiangsu Second Normal University, 77 West Beijing Road, Nanjing 210013, China
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9
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Joo Hong S, Hong Kim K. Effects of length and sequence of long double-stranded RNAs targeting ribonucleotide reductase 2 of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) on protective efficacy against WSSV. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 196:107869. [PMID: 36455669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) has been a well-known mechanism against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in cultured shrimp. In the present study, we investigated the protective efficacy of dsRNAs targeting the ribonucleotide reductase 2 (rr2) gene of WSSV according to length and target sequence location. To produce different lengths of dsRNAs, the 640 bp rr2 fragment (fragment I) was split into two equal 320 bp fragments (fragment II and III), then each 320 bp fragment was redivided into two 160 bp fragments (fragment IV, V, VI, and VII). After the synthesis of seven kinds of dsRNA fragments, dsRNAs with the same length were mixed with each other, then used for the evaluation of dsRNA's length effect in Penaeus vannamei. The result showed that 160 bp long dsRNAs were as effective as 320 and 640 bp long dsRNAs in the protection of shrimp against WSSV infection, suggesting that the dsRNA length of 160 bp would be enough to be used as RNAi-mediated WSSV suppression in P. vannamei. However, as the 160 bp long dsRNAs used in the length effect experiment were not a single dsRNA population but a mixture of 160 bp dsRNA fragments covering the parent 640 bp long dsRNA, the sequence effect was not included in this RNAi efficacy. In the experiments to know the effect of not only length but also sequence of rr2-targeting long dsRNAs on the protective efficacy against WSSV, dsRNAs with a length of 640 bp (fragment I) and 320 bp (fragment II, III) showed a constant high defense ability, but the protection degree of long dsRNAs with a length of 160 bp was different depending on the kinds of the fragment, suggesting that the RNAi efficacy of some rr2-targeting long dsRNAs with a length of 160 bp might have sequences that are variable according to experimental conditions. In conclusion, this study showed that the protective ability of long dsRNAs in shrimp against WSSV infection can be affected by the length and sequence of the long dsRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Joo Hong
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
| | - Ki Hong Kim
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea.
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Delisle L, Rolton A, Vignier J. Inactivated ostreid herpesvirus-1 induces an innate immune response in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, hemocytes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161145. [PMID: 37187746 PMCID: PMC10175643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are a major constraint to the expansion of shellfish production worldwide. Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS), a polymicrobial disease triggered by the Ostreid herpesvirus-1 (OsHV-1), has devastated the global Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) aquaculture industry. Recent ground-breaking research revealed that C. gigas possess an immune memory, capable of adaption, which improves the immune response upon a second exposure to a pathogen. This paradigm shift opens the door for developing 'vaccines' to improve shellfish survival during disease outbreaks. In the present study, we developed an in-vitro assay using hemocytes - the main effectors of the C. gigas immune system - collected from juvenile oysters susceptible to OsHV-1. The potency of multiple antigen preparations (e.g., chemically and physically inactivated OsHV-1, viral DNA, and protein extracts) to stimulate an immune response in hemocytes was evaluated using flow cytometry and droplet digital PCR to measure immune-related subcellular functions and gene expression, respectively. The immune response to the different antigens was benchmarked against that of hemocytes treated with Poly (I:C). We identified 10 antigen preparations capable of inducing immune stimulation in hemocytes (ROS production and positively expressed immune- related genes) after 1 h of exposure, without causing cytotoxicity. These findings are significant, as they evidence the potential for priming the innate immunity of oysters using viral antigens, which may enable cost-effective therapeutic treatment to mitigate OsHV-1/POMS. Further testing of these antigen preparations using an in-vivo infection model is essential to validate promising candidate pseudo-vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizenn Delisle
- Biosecurity Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Lizenn Delisle, ; Anne Rolton,
| | - Anne Rolton
- Biosecurity Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Lizenn Delisle, ; Anne Rolton,
| | - Julien Vignier
- Aquaculture Group, Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
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Romo Quiñonez CR, Alvarez-Ruiz P, Mejía-Ruiz CH, Bogdanchikova N, Pestryakov A, Gamez-Jimenez C, Valenzuela-Quiñonez W, Montoya-Mejía M, Nava Pérez E. Chronic toxicity of shrimp feed added with silver nanoparticles (Argovit-4®) in Litopenaeus vannamei and immune response to white spot syndrome virus infection. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14231. [PMID: 36438583 PMCID: PMC9695493 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as antibacterial compounds has been widely used in human and veterinary medicine. In this work, we investigated the effects of AgNPs (Argovit-4®) as feed additives (feed-AgNPs) on shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) using three different methods: 1) chronic toxicity after 28 days of feeding, 2) Effects against white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenged by oral route, and 3) transcriptional responses of immune-related genes (PAP, ProPO, CTL-3, Crustin, PEN3, and PEN4) following WSSV infection. The results showed that the feed-AgNPs did not interfere with the growth and survival of shrimp. Also, mild lesions in the hepatopancreas were recorded, proportional to the frequency of the feed-AgNP supply. Challenge test versus WSSV showed that feeding every 7 days with feed-AgNPs reduced mortality, reaching a survival rate of 53%, compared to the survival rates observed in groups fed every 4 days, daily and control groups of feed-AgNPs for the 30%, 10%, and 7% groups, respectively. Feed-AgNPs negatively regulated the expression of PAP, ProPO, and Crustin genes after 28 days of treatment and altered the transcriptional responses of PAP, ProPO, CTL-3, and Crustin after WSSV exposure. The results showed that weekly feeding-AgNPs could partially prevent WSSV infection in shrimp culture. However, whether or not transcriptional responses against pathogens are advantageous remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R. Romo Quiñonez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Organismos Marinos, Centro de investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Píndaro Alvarez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Acuacultura, Instituto Politécnico Nacional CIIDIR-Sinaloa, Guasave, Sinaloa, México
| | - Claudio H. Mejía-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Organismos Marinos, Centro de investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Nina Bogdanchikova
- Fisicoquímica de nanomateriales, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Alexey Pestryakov
- Research School of Chemistry & Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Carina Gamez-Jimenez
- Departamento de Acuacultura, Instituto Politécnico Nacional CIIDIR-Sinaloa, Guasave, Sinaloa, México
| | | | - Magnolia Montoya-Mejía
- Departamento de Acuacultura, Instituto Politécnico Nacional CIIDIR-Sinaloa, Guasave, Sinaloa, México
| | - Eusebio Nava Pérez
- Departamento de Acuacultura, Instituto Politécnico Nacional CIIDIR-Sinaloa, Guasave, Sinaloa, México
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12
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Phanse Y, Puttamreddy S, Loy D, Ramirez JV, Ross KA, Alvarez-Castro I, Mogler M, Broderick S, Rajan K, Narasimhan B, Bartholomay LC. RNA Nanovaccine Protects against White Spot Syndrome Virus in Shrimp. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091428. [PMID: 36146509 PMCID: PMC9504209 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 15 years, crustacean fisheries have experienced billions of dollars in economic losses, primarily due to viral diseases caused by such pathogens as white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and Asian tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. To date, no effective measures are available to prevent or control disease outbreaks in these animals, despite their economic importance. Recently, double-stranded RNA-based vaccines have been shown to provide specific and robust protection against WSSV infection in cultured shrimp. However, the limited stability of double-stranded RNA is the most significant hurdle for the field application of these vaccines with respect to delivery within an aquatic system. Polyanhydride nanoparticles have been successfully used for the encapsulation and release of vaccine antigens. We have developed a double-stranded RNA-based nanovaccine for use in shrimp disease control with emphasis on the Pacific white shrimp L. vannamei. Nanoparticles based on copolymers of sebacic acid, 1,6-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)hexane, and 1,8-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane exhibited excellent safety profiles, as measured by shrimp survival and histological evaluation. Furthermore, the nanoparticles localized to tissue target replication sites for WSSV and persisted through 28 days postadministration. Finally, the nanovaccine provided ~80% protection in a lethal WSSV challenge model. This study demonstrates the exciting potential of a safe, effective, and field-applicable RNA nanovaccine that can be rationally designed against infectious diseases affecting aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashdeep Phanse
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Pan Genome Systems, Madison, WI 53719, USA
| | - Supraja Puttamreddy
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Merck Animal Health, Ames, IA 50010, USA
| | - Duan Loy
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Veterinary Diagnostics Center, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Julia Vela Ramirez
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Ross
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | | | - Mark Mogler
- Merck Animal Health, Ames, IA 50010, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Scott Broderick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Krishna Rajan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Materials Design and Innovation, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence: (B.N.); (L.C.B.); Tel.: +1-515-294-8019 (B.N.); +1-608-890-1965 (L.C.B.)
| | - Lyric C. Bartholomay
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Correspondence: (B.N.); (L.C.B.); Tel.: +1-515-294-8019 (B.N.); +1-608-890-1965 (L.C.B.)
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13
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Chen Y, Chen HY, Lee CY. Inhibiting viral replication and prolonging survival of hosts by attenuating stress responses to viral infection. J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 190:107753. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Mekata T. Strategy for understanding the biological defense mechanism involved in immune priming in kuruma shrimp. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 125:104228. [PMID: 34363834 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1970s, individuals that survive a specific infectious disease among crustaceans reportedly develop resistance to the given virulence factors. Quasi-immune response is a similar phenomenon of acquired resistance against white spot syndrome virus, also found in kuruma shrimp. This phenomenon, resembling immunological memory, is collectively called immune priming and recently attracts increasing attention. In this study, I review, along with recent findings, past attempts to immunize shrimp by administration of the pathogen itself or recombinant proteins of viral constituent factors. Moreover, I aimed at investigating the diversity of pattern recognition receptors in kuruma shrimp from the currently available information that allows for a better understanding of immune priming. This review would potentially help to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of immune priming in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Mekata
- Pathology Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Mie, Japan.
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15
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Rosas-Rodríguez JA, Valenzuela-Soto EM. The glycine betaine role in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal diseases: Insights into disease and dysfunction networks. Life Sci 2021; 285:119943. [PMID: 34516992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glycine betaine (N, N, N-trimethyl amine) is an osmolyte accumulated in cells that is key for cell volume and turgor regulation, is the principal methyl donor in the methionine cycle and is a DNA and proteins stabilizer. In humans, glycine betaine is synthesized from choline and can be obtained from some foods. Glycine betaine (GB) roles are illustrated in chemical, metabolic, agriculture, and clinical medical studies due to its chemical and physiological properties. Several studies have extensively described GB role and accumulation related to specific pathologies, focusing mainly on analyzing its positive and negative role in these pathologies. However, it is necessary to explain the relationship between glycine betaine and different pathologies concerning its role as an antioxidant, ability to methylate DNA, interact with transcription factors and cell receptors, and participate in the control of homocysteine concentration in liver, kidney and brain. This review summarizes the most important findings and integrates GB role in neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, hepatic, and renal diseases. Furthermore, we discuss GB impact on other dysfunctions as inflammation, oxidative stress, and glucose metabolism, to understand their cross-talks and provide reliable data to establish a base for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A Rosas-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Sonora, Unidad Regional Sur, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Elisa M Valenzuela-Soto
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Hermosillo 83304, Sonora, Mexico.
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16
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Le Linh H, Thu NPA, Dung TTX, Van Hau N, Nghia NH, Thao DTP. Yeast cell surface displaying VP28 antigen and its potential application for shrimp farming. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:6345-6354. [PMID: 34410438 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
VP28 is an envelope protein of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), which has been shown in previous studies to induce a high immune response in shrimp. VP28 has been produced in some host systems such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pichia pastoris as free protein. Here we showed a new strategy of anchoring VP28 on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast surface and using the yeast cell extract combined with probiotic as an oral vaccine for shrimp farming. We have successfully constructed a recombinant yeast cell capable of expressing VP28 on the cell surface. The feeding diet combined with VP28 anchored yeast cell extract provided significant assurance to Litopenaeus vannamei, challenged by WSSV, resulting in a relative percent survival (RPS) of 87.10 ± 2.15%. Interestingly, the utilization of VP28 anchored yeast cell extract could enhance the efficiency of probiotic strains like Lactobacillus and Bacillus on shrimp farming. The results in both laboratory scales and field trials using extract of VP28 displaying Saccharomyces showed a growth-promoting effect in shrimp, assessed through average shrimp weight. Taken together, our results in this study demonstrated a new successful strategy of using yeast cell surface as a tool to produce VP28-based oral vaccine for shrimp aquaculture. KEY POINTS: • A new strategy of using VP28 antigen as anchored protein on S. cerevisiae yeast cell surface (S. cerevisiae::VP28) • The utilization of VP28 antigen and yeast as S. cerevisiae::VP28 extract enhanced potential protection of Litopenaeus vannamei against White Spot Syndrome Virus (RPS 87.10%) • The use of S. cerevisiae::VP28 extract increased efficiency of probiotic on shrimp growth-promoting effect either lab-scale or field trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Le Linh
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Pham Anh Thu
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Xuan Dung
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Van Hau
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Hieu Nghia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dang Thi Phuong Thao
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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17
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Li C, Yang MC, Hong PP, Zhao XF, Wang JX. Metabolomic Profiles in the Intestine of Shrimp Infected by White Spot Syndrome Virus and Antiviral Function of the Metabolite Linoleic Acid in Shrimp. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2075-2087. [PMID: 33863791 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a threatening pathogenic virus in shrimp culture, and at present, no effective strategy can prevent and control the disease. Intestinal flora and its metabolites are important for the resistance of shrimp to lethal pathogenic viruses. However, the changes of metabolites in the shrimp intestines after WSSV infection remain unclear. We established an artificial oral infection method to infect shrimp with WSSV and analyzed the metabolites in intestinal content of shrimp by HPLC and tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 78 different metabolites and five different metabolic pathways were identified. Among them, we found that the content of linoleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid, increased significantly after WSSV infection, indicating that linoleic acid might be involved in antiviral immunity in shrimp. Further study showed that, after oral administration of linoleic acid, WSSV proliferation decreased evidently in the shrimp, and survival rate of the shrimp increased significantly. Mechanical analysis showed that linoleic acid directly bound to WSSV virions and inhibited the viral replication. Linoleic acid also promoted the expression of antimicrobial peptides and IFN-like gene Vago5 by activating the ERK-NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results indicated that WSSV infection caused metabolomic transformation of intestinal microbiota and that the metabolite linoleic acid participated in the immune response against WSSV in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; and
| | - Ming-Chong Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; and
| | - Pan-Pan Hong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; and
| | - Xiao-Fan Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; and
| | - Jin-Xing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China; and .,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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18
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Panchal V, Kumar S, Hossain SN, Vasudevan D. Structure analysis of thymidylate synthase from white spot syndrome virus reveals WSSV-specific structural elements. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:1168-1175. [PMID: 33197475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the causative agent of white spot disease (WSD) severely affecting crustacean life forms, is highly contagious and forms the principal cause of massive economic losses in the shrimp aquaculture industry. Previous studies have demonstrated thymidylate synthase as a successful anti-cancer therapeutic drug target, leading to various anti-cancer drugs. The differential utilization of nucleotide precursors between white spot syndrome virus and shrimp encouraged us to analyze WSSV-thymidylate synthase (wTS). Here, we report the crystal structures of wTS in its apo-form and as a ternary complex with deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) and methotrexate at a resolution of 2.35 Å and 2.6 Å, respectively. wTS possesses a fold characteristic to known thymidylate synthase (TS) structures. Like other TS structures, the apo-form of wTS displays an open conformation, whereas the wTS ternary complex attains a closed conformation. While the C-terminal loop maintains a typical distance from methotrexate, the Sγ atom of the catalytic Cys is positioned farther from the C6 atom of dUMP. Altogether, we report the first TS structure from a crustacean virus and highlight its distinction from shrimp and other TS structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Panchal
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751023, Odisha, India
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19
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Ren X, Lin S, Kong T, Gong Y, Ma H, Zheng H, Zhang Y, Li S. The miRNAs profiling revealed by high-throughput sequencing upon WSSV infection in mud crab Scylla paramamosain. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 100:427-435. [PMID: 32147373 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to regulate various immune functions by silencing the target genes in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, in mud crab Scylla paramamosain, the role of miRNAs during the response to virus invasion remains unclear. To investigate the roles of miRNAs in S. paramamosain during virus infection, the mud crab was challenged with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and then subjected to the transcriptional analysis at different conditions. The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed that 940,379 and 1,306,023 high-quality mappable reads were detected in the hemocyte of normal and WSSV-infected mud crabs, respectively. Besides, the total number of 261 unique miRNAs were identified. Among them, 131 miRNAs were specifically expressed in the hemocytes of normal mud crabs, 46 miRNAs were specifically transcribed in those of WSSV-infected individuals, the other 84 miRNAs were expressed in both normal and WSSV-infected individuals. Furthermore, a number of 152 (89 down-regulated and 63 up-regulated) miRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in the WSSV-infected hemocytes, normalized to the controls. The identified miRNAs were subjected to GO analysis and target gene prediction and the results suggested that the differentially regulated miRNAs were mainly correlated with the changes of the immune responses of the hemocytes, including phagocytosis, melanism, and apoptosis as well. Taken together, the results demonstrated that the expressed miRNAs during the virus infection were mainly involved in the regulation of immunological pathways in mud crabs. Our findings not only enrich the understanding of the functions of miRNAs in the innate immune system but also provide some novel potential targets for the prevention of WSSV infection in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shanmeng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Tongtong Kong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yi Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Huaiping Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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20
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Zhu C, Shi D, Liao S, He P, Jia R. Effects of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 harboring vp19, vp28, and vp (19 + 28) on the survival and immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei infected WSSV. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:1-8. [PMID: 31968267 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of oral administration of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 harboring vp19, vp28, and vp(19 + 28)against infection by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) on juveniles of Litopenaeus vannamei. L. vannamei was orally administrated by feeding with different mutants of Synechococcus for 10 days, and then challenged with WSSV. The cumulative mortality of vp19, vp28, vp (19 + 28) groups was lower than that of the positive control group (57.8%, 62.2%, 71.1%, respectively); vp (19 + 28) group had a better protection rate than vp19 and vp28 groups. The analysis of shrimp immunological parameters showed that, after WSSV injection, the activity of superoxide dismutase, phenol oxidase, catalase, and lysozyme in the hepatopancreas of vp19, vp28, and vp (19 + 28) groups was higher than in the positive group; at the same time, growth performances of L. vannamei of experimental groups were better than control groups. Results showed that the Synechococcus mutants harboring vp19, vp28, and vp (19 + 28) could be used both as drug and feed to also enhance the defensive ability of juvenile shrimp against WSSV infection by increasing the activity of immune related enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Zhu
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Dingji Shi
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Shengyu Liao
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Peimin He
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Rui Jia
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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21
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Gao G, Lin R, Tao M, Aweya JJ, Yao D, Ma H, Li S, Zhang Y, Wang F. Molecular characterization of a novel white spot syndrome virus response protein (dubbed LvWRP) from Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 98:99-107. [PMID: 31051195 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
White spot syndrome, which is caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), is a highly contagious disease of penaeid shrimp. However, there is currently incomplete understanding of the infection mechanism and pathogenesis of WSSV. In this study, a novel gene of a previously uncharacterized WSSV response protein (LvWRP) in Litopenaeus vannamei was identified and characterized. The LvWRP gene has an open reading frame (ORF) of 879 bp encoding a putative protein of 292 amino acids. Sequence analysis revealed that LvWRP shared 24.9% identity with an uncharacterized protein of Penaeus monodon nudivirus. Real-time qPCR analysis showed that LvWRP was ubiquitously expressed in shrimp tissues, with transcript levels induced in hemocytes upon immune challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptoccocus iniae, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and WSSV. In addition, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of LvWRP followed by WSSV challenge revealed significant decrease in the transcript levels of WSSV IE1 and VP28 genes coupled with a reduction in WSSV copies in shrimp hemocytes. Moreover, depletion of LvWRP followed by WSSV challenge significantly increased the transcript levels of Vago4 and Vago5 as well as increased the phosphorylation of STAT, while hemocytes apoptosis in terms of caspase 3/7 activity was decreased. These results suggest that LvWRP is important for WSSV replication in shrimp, and therefore one of the vital host factors in WSSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guicai Gao
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Ruihong Lin
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Mengyuan Tao
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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22
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Li L, Hong Y, Qiu H, Yang F, Li F. VP19 is important for the envelope coating of white spot syndrome virus. Virus Res 2019; 270:197666. [PMID: 31306682 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
VP19 is a major envelope protein of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), an important pathogen of farmed shrimp. However, the exact function of VP19 in WSSV assembly and infection is unknown. To understand the function of VP19, the gene was knocked down by RNA interference. We found that the dsRNA specific for vp19 gene dramatically reduced the replication of WSSV genomic DNA in infected animals. Further investigation by transmission electron microscopy showed that inhibition of VP19 prevented envelope coating of progeny virions, resulting in a high amount of immature virus particles without outer layer (envelope) in the host cells. This finding was further confirmed by SDS-PAGE analysis, which showed the loss of VP19 and other envelope proteins from the improperly assembled virions. These results suggest that VP19 is essential for WSSV envelope coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian, China
| | - Yongcong Hong
- College of Tea and Food Science, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian, China
| | - Huaina Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of State Oceanic Administration, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of State Oceanic Administration, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of State Oceanic Administration, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, China.
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