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de Quadros DL, Ribeiro VA, Rezende MA, Maté YA, Gomes MA, Secchi K, Strottmann DM, Frandoloso R, Kreutz LC. Oncogenic viral DNA related to human breast cancer found on cattle milk and meat. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 101:102053. [PMID: 37672958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a major cause of lymphoma in cattle and has been recently correlated to breast cancer in humans. How and whether BLV might reach humans remains unknown but it could be through cattle-derived milk and meat. Here our aim was to investigate whether BLV DNA could be found in fresh milk and raw meat destined to human consumption and whether anti-BLV antibodies could be detected in human blood at the same geographical region. Milk (n = 36) and meat (n = 54) samples were collected from cows knowingly seropositive or negative to BLV and evaluated by nested PCR targeting BLV tax gene. Human serum samples (n = 900) were tested by ELISA to detect anti-BLV antibodies. BLV DNA was detected in 39 % of the milk samples and in 32 % of meat samples from BLV positive cows. Anti-BLV antibodies were found in 4.1 % of the human serum samples. Our data further supports the hypothesis that BLV might cause a zoonotic infection and indicate that milk and meat from BLV-infected cattle might be considered a potential source of infection to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lazzari de Quadros
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Prédio G3, Campus I, Rodovia BR 285, Km 292, Bairro São José, 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitoria Agnoletto Ribeiro
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Prédio G3, Campus I, Rodovia BR 285, Km 292, Bairro São José, 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Antunes Rezende
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Prédio G3, Campus I, Rodovia BR 285, Km 292, Bairro São José, 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Yasmin Ampese Maté
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Prédio G3, Campus I, Rodovia BR 285, Km 292, Bairro São José, 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio Alexandro Gomes
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Prédio G3, Campus I, Rodovia BR 285, Km 292, Bairro São José, 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Katia Secchi
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Prédio G3, Campus I, Rodovia BR 285, Km 292, Bairro São José, 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Daisy Maria Strottmann
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC/Fiocruz), Rua Prof. Algacyr Munhoz Mader, 3773, CEP 81350-010 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Rafael Frandoloso
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Prédio G3, Campus I, Rodovia BR 285, Km 292, Bairro São José, 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Kreutz
- Universidade de Passo Fundo, Escola de Ciências Agrárias, Inovação e Negócios, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação, Prédio G3, Campus I, Rodovia BR 285, Km 292, Bairro São José, 99052-900 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil.
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Maezawa M, Fujii Y, Akagami M, Kawakami J, Inokuma H. BoLA-DRB3*15:01 allele is associated with susceptibility to early enzootic bovine leukosis onset in Holstein-Friesian and Japanese Black cattle. Vet Microbiol 2023; 284:109829. [PMID: 37451183 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is typically observed in cattle older than 3 years, but some cases of onset in cattle younger than 3 years have been reported in Japan. BoLA-DRB3 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to EBL onset. However, little is known about the relationship between the polymorphisms and EBL onset in young cattle. In the present study, we performed BoLA-DRB3 genotyping in 59 EBL cattle younger than 3 years (25 Holstein-Friesian and 34 Japanese Black) and compared the results with those of 69 EBL cattle older than 3 years (38 Holstein-Friesian and 31 Japanese Black). The BoLA-DRB3*15:01 allele was detected at a frequency of 37.3 % (48.0 % and 29.4 % in Holstein-Friesian and Japanese Black, respectively) and was identified as an early EBL onset susceptibility allele. Nine EBL cattle younger than 3 years (5 Holstein-Friesian and 4 Japanese Black), but only 1 EBL cattle older than 3 years (1 Holstein-Friesian), had a BoLA-DRB3*15:01/*15:01 homozygous genotype. The frequency of the BoLA-DRB3*15:01 allele occurring with a different allele (BoLA-DRB3*015:01/other) in cattle younger than 3 years was 44.1 % (56.0 % Holstein-Friesian and 35.3 % Japanese Black) and significantly higher than that in cattle older than 3 years (28.9 % Holstein-Friesian and 9.7 % Japanese Black) (P = 0.0013). These results suggest that BoLA-DRB3*15:01/*15:01 and BoLA-DRB3*15:01/other genotypes are early EBL onset susceptibility genotypes. The present findings may contribute to cattle breeding selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Maezawa
- Laboratory of OSG Veterinary Science for Global Disease Management, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Ibaraki Prefecture Kenpoku Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Mito, Ibaraki 310-0002, Japan
| | - Masataka Akagami
- Ibaraki Prefecture Kenpoku Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Mito, Ibaraki 310-0002, Japan
| | - Junko Kawakami
- Ibaraki Prefecture Kenpoku Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Mito, Ibaraki 310-0002, Japan
| | - Hisashi Inokuma
- Laboratory of OSG Veterinary Science for Global Disease Management, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Laboratory of Farm Animal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Maezawa M, Fujii Y, Akagami M, Kawakami J, Inokuma H. Phylogenetic analysis based on whole genome sequence of bovine leukemia virus in cattle under 3 years old with enzootic bovine leukosis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279756. [PMID: 36696379 PMCID: PMC9876212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is one of bovine neoplasms caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV). Although EBL is typically observed in cattle over 3 years old, several cases of EBL onset in cattle under 3 years old have been reported in Japan. The mechanism for EBL onset in young cattle remains unclear. Although genetic variation of BLV is limited, the variations could affect viral properties relating to BLV pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to clarify relationship between early onset of EBL and BLV groups. Moreover, we also aimed to characterize BLV that cause early onset of EBL. Whole genome sequences of BLV in 72 EBL cattle under 3 years old and 50 EBL cattle over 3 years old were identified. Phylogenetic analysis showed that BLV was divided into 4 groups (A, B-1, B-2 and Other). The BLV from EBL cattle under 3 years old were mainly classified as group A and B-1, while those from EBL cattle over 3 years old were mainly included in group B-2. Common sequence of group A and B-1 was compared with those of group B-2. Specific sequences in LTRs, gag-pro-pol, env and tax gene regions were identified in these groups. Amino acid substitutions of Pro and Tax protein were predicted in those nucleotide sequences. Those genetic variations might contribute to the early onset of EBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Maezawa
- Laboratory of OSG Veterinary Science for Global Disease Management, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Ibaraki Prefecture Kenpoku Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masataka Akagami
- Ibaraki Prefecture Kenpoku Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junko Kawakami
- Ibaraki Prefecture Kenpoku Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hisashi Inokuma
- Laboratory of OSG Veterinary Science for Global Disease Management, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Farm Animal Medicine, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Babii AV, Arkhipova AL, Kovalchuk SN. Identification of novel integration sites for BLV proviral DNA in cancer driver genes in cattle with persistent lymphocytosis. Virus Res 2022; 317:198813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Genetic analysis of the pX region of bovine leukemia virus genotype 1 in Holstein Friesian cattle with different stages of infection. Arch Virol 2021; 167:45-56. [PMID: 34651240 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The pX genetic region of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) includes four genes with overlapping reading frames that code for the Tax, Rex, R3, and G4 proteins. These proteins are involved in the regulation of transcriptional and post-transcriptional viral expression, as well as having oncogenic potential. Our goal was to investigate the pathogenicity of the pX region of BLV genotype 1 in terms of lymphocytosis, lymphomas, and proviral DNA load. We screened 724 serological samples from mixed-age Holstein Friesian cattle from six states in Mexico. Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) were isolated from whole blood with anticoagulant, and genomic DNA was extracted from the PBLs using a commercial kit. Then, a set of primers that hybridize in conserved regions of the BLV pX region were used, which allowed for PCR standardization to detect proviral DNA in infected cells. Positive amplicons were sequenced using the Sanger method, resulting in 1156-nucleotide-long final sequences that included the four pX region genes. The experimental group consisted of 30 animals. Twelve of these had lymphocytosis, six had lymphoma, and 12 were apparently healthy cattle without any signs of lymphocytosis or lymphoma. The presence of lymphoma was detected in six bovine tumor tissues using histopathology, and the presence of BLV was detected by in situ hybridization. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the 30 sequences were associated with genotype 1, and the genetic distance between the sequences ranged from 0.2% to 2.09%. We identified two sequences in the G4 gene: one with a three-nucleotide deletion resulting in the loss of a leucine (AGU_7488L, in a cow with lymphocytosis), and one with a nine-nucleotide deletion resulting in the loss of leucine, proline, and leucine (AGU_18A, in a cow without lymphocytosis). Analysis of the PX region indicated that positive selection had occurred in the G4, rex, and R3 genes, and we found no difference in proviral DNA load between the studied groups. We were unable to establish an association between variations in the pX region and the development of lymphocytosis, lymphoma, asymptomatic status, or proviral DNA load in BLV-infected cattle.
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Montero Machuca N, Tórtora Pérez JL, González Méndez AS, García-Camacho AL, Marín Flamand E, Ramírez Álvarez H. Genetic analysis of the pX region of bovine leukemia virus genotype 1 in Holstein Friesian cattle with different stages of infection. Arch Virol 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Maezawa M, Watanabe KI, Matsumoto K, Kobayashi Y, Ogawa H, Inokuma H. Analysis of the bone morphogenetic protein 6 gene promoter region in young beef cattle affected by enzootic bovine leukosis. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:898-904. [PMID: 33840719 PMCID: PMC8267195 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is typically observed in cattle over 3 years old. However,
some cases of EBL onset in young beef cattle have been reported in Japan. The mechanism
for early EBL onset is unclear. In Japan, beef cattle are given large amounts of
concentrated feed with low vitamin A. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are regulators of
cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and thought to represent one of the
key players in tumor malignancy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences
in BMP-6 methylation status between EBL beef cattle under 3 years old and other cattle. We
investigated the methylation status of the BMP-6 promoter region in 32 EBL beef cattle
under 3 years old. We also compared the methylation status of EBL dairy cattle to that of
healthy cattle. Median methylation rate of the BMP-6 promoter region in EBL beef cattle
under 3 years old was 8.9%, which was significantly higher than that of other groups.
Hypermethylation of the BMP-6 promoter region might contribute to early onset of EBL in
beef cattle under 3 years old, and animal feeding management practices specific to beef
cattle may affect the methylation status of the BMP-6 promoter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Maezawa
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Watanabe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Kotaro Matsumoto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Haruko Ogawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hisashi Inokuma
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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