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Liu Y, Wang Z, Wang Z, Zhou J, Han J, Lu C, Liu B, Yu R, Sun X, Zhang Z, Wang R, Su X. Rapid and simultaneous multiepitope antigen-based detection of Enterococcus by microscale thermophoresis and immunomagnetic separation. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1341451. [PMID: 38322321 PMCID: PMC10844561 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Generally, enterococci bacteria cause nosocomial infections and are major indicators of bacterial contamination in marine bathing beach. However, a method for the rapid and simultaneous detection of multiple pathogenic enterococci has not been developed on account of the wide variety of pathogenic enterococci and their existence in complex matrices. Methods Immunoinformatics tools were used to design a multi-epitope antigen for the detection of various pathogenic enterococci by using the sequence of dltD gene on enterococci lipoteichoic acid (LTA) surface, which is associated with toxicological effects. The multi-epitopes included enterococci such as Enterococcus faecalis, E. gallinarum, E. raffinosus, E. durans, E. faecium, E. hirae, E. thailandicus, E. casseliflavus, E. avium, E. mundtii, E. lactis, E. solitarius, E. pseudoavium, and E. malodoratum. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) and western blot were carried out to detect the affinity between multi-epitope antigens and antibodies and between multi-epitope antibodies and bacteria. Furthermore, the detection of pathogenic enterococci was carried out by using immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) and immune chromatographic test strip (ICTS). Results The multi-epitope antibody had a satisfactory affinity to the antigen and enterococci. IMBs and ICTS were detected with a minimum of 101 CFU/mL and showed incompatibility for Vibrio parahemolyticus, V. vulnifcus, V. harveyi, V. anguillarum, and Edwardsiella tarda. Implication The present study demonstrated that the multi-epitope antigens exhibited excellent specificity and sensitivity, making them highly suitable for efficient on-site screening of enterococci bacteria in marine bathing beaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ziyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ze Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiaojiao Han
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chenyang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Vigor Health Products Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Rongxian Yu
- Vigor Health Products Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoling Sun
- Vigor Health Products Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Rixin Wang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiurong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Hongli J, Min Z, Longying G, Liegang S, Na W, Mingfeng G, Shengwei X, Jianping W, Shaoqiang W. Separation of spring viraemia of carp virus from large-volume samples using immunomagnetic beads. Arch Virol 2023; 169:8. [PMID: 38085352 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
A method for separation of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) from large-volume samples using immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) coated with a polyclonal antibody against SVCV was developed. The optimum amount of IMBs was 2 mg in 100 mL. After IMB treatment, the detection limit of SVCV in reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was 103 times the 50% tissue culture infectious dose per mL in 100-mL samples. The concentration of viral RNA extracted from SVCV that had been separated using IMBs was 5.18 × 103-fold higher than that of the unseparated SVCV. When fish samples were tested, the concordance rates of the IMBs/RT-qPCR and RT-qPCR were 100% and 67.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hongli
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Zhang Min
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Gao Longying
- Da Chan Bay Customs People's Republic of China, Shenzhen, 518102, China
| | - Si Liegang
- Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fisheries, Ningbo, 315012, China
| | - Wang Na
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Ge Mingfeng
- Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fisheries, Ningbo, 315012, China
| | - Xu Shengwei
- Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fisheries, Ningbo, 315012, China
| | - Wang Jianping
- Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fisheries, Ningbo, 315012, China.
| | - Wu Shaoqiang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China.
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Noh EB, Heo GB, Lee KN, Kang YM, An SH, Kim N, Lee YJ. Subtype specific virus enrichment with immunomagnetic separation method followed by NGS unravels the mixture of H5 and H9 avian influenza virus. J Virol Methods 2023; 320:114773. [PMID: 37467847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Wild bird avian influenza type A virus (AIV) surveillance is important for the early detection of highly pathogenic AIVs and for providing early warnings to the poultry industry and veterinary services to implement more effective control measures against these viruses. Some field samples are often found to contain more than two kinds of AIV. Correct determination of the HA/NA subtype and complete nucleotide sequences of the component viruses in those samples are often critical for timely and accurate understanding of the field situation, but it is not easy to define the genomic structure of the constituent viruses unambiguously because AIV has eight segmented genomes. In this study, with immunomagnetic beads incorporating polyclonal antibodies of chicken for subtype-specific viral enrichment, we could selectively decrease the density of one of the two constituent viruses in a sample of different subtypes, H5 and H9, artificially generated; this was represented in the changes of Ct values with subtype specific real-time RT-PCR. Following this, with NGS, we could recover nearly complete genomic sequences and arrange the consensus sequences of gene segments of the constituent viruses confidently with the quantitative variable like genome coverage, linked along the gene segments and associated with the number of viral copies in a sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Bi Noh
- Avian Influenza Research and Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gyeong-Beom Heo
- Avian Influenza Research and Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Nyeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research and Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Myung Kang
- Avian Influenza Research and Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se-Hee An
- Avian Influenza Research and Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nayeong Kim
- Avian Influenza Research and Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Influenza Research and Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea.
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Cheng R, Li L, Zhen S, Liu H, Wu Z, Wang Y, Wang Z. Rapid Detection of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk and Pork via Immunomagnetic Separation and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0224922. [PMID: 36847574 PMCID: PMC10101137 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02249-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Separation processes using immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) are advantageous for the rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Herein, a novel method, based on immunomagnetic separation using IMBs and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), was employed to detect S. aureus strains in milk and pork. IMBs were formed by the carbon diimide method using rabbit anti-S. aureus polyclonal antibodies and superparamagnetic carboxyl-Fe3O4 MBs. The average capture efficiency for 2.5 to 2.5 × 105 (CFU)/mL gradient dilution of S. aureus with 6 mg of IMBs within 60 min were a range of 62.74 to 92.75%. The detection sensitivity of the IMBs-RPA method in artificially contaminated samples was 2.5 × 101 CFU/mL. The entire detection process was completed within 2.5 h, including bacteria capture, DNA extraction, amplification, and electrophoresis. Among 20 actual samples, one case of raw milk sample and two cases of pork samples were tested positive using the established IMBs-RPA method, which were verified by the standard S. aureus inspection procedure. Therefore, the novel method shows potential for food safety supervision owing to its short detection time, higher sensitivity, and high specificity. IMPORTANCE Our study established IMBs-RPA method, which simplified the steps of bacteria separation, shortened the detection time, and realized the convenient detection of S. aureus in milk and pork samples. IMBs-RPA method was also suitable for the detection of other pathogens, providing a new method for food safety monitoring and a favorable basis for rapid and early diagnosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runan Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Sihui Zhen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Honglei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhouhui Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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Coupling immuno-magnetic capture with LC-MS/MS(MRM) as a sensitive, reliable, and specific assay for SARS-CoV-2 identification from clinical samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:1949-1962. [PMID: 34981149 PMCID: PMC8723902 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, numerous diagnostic approaches from different disciplines have been developed for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis to monitor and control the COVID-19 pandemic. These include MS-based assays, which provide analytical information on viral proteins. However, their sensitivity is limited, estimated to be 5 × 104 PFU/ml in clinical samples. Here, we present a reliable, specific, and rapid method for the identification of SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal (NP) specimens, which combines virus capture followed by LC–MS/MS(MRM) analysis of unique peptide markers. The capture of SARS-CoV-2 from the challenging matrix, prior to its tryptic digestion, was accomplished by magnetic beads coated with polyclonal IgG-α-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, enabling sample concentration while significantly reducing background noise interrupting with LC–MS analysis. A sensitive and specific LC–MS/MS(MRM) analysis method was developed for the identification of selected tryptic peptide markers. The combined assay, which resulted in S/N ratio enhancement, achieved an improved sensitivity of more than 10-fold compared with previously described MS methods. The assay was validated in 29 naive NP specimens, 19 samples were spiked with SARS-CoV-2 and 10 were used as negative controls. Finally, the assay was successfully applied to clinical NP samples (n = 26) pre-determined as either positive or negative by RT-qPCR. This work describes for the first time a combined approach for immuno-magnetic viral isolation coupled with MS analysis. This method is highly reliable, specific, and sensitive; thus, it may potentially serve as a complementary assay to RT-qPCR, the gold standard test. This methodology can be applied to other viruses as well.
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Vetchinin SS, Shevyakov AG, Khomyakov AE, Mironova RI, Mokrievich AN, Biketov SF. Development of an immunoassay test system based on monoclonal antybodies and immunomagnetic particles for the detection of F. tularensis cells. Klin Lab Diagn 2021; 66:353-357. [PMID: 34105911 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-6-353-357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tularemia is an especially dangerous infection caused by the gram-negative bacterium Francisella tularensis. It belongs to natural focal infections, and therefore is under continuous control by quarantine services. When carrying out their activities they use a whole range of diagnostic tools. The objective of this research is to develop an enzyme immunoassay based on highly specific monoclonal antibodies and immunomagnetic particles for monitoring the tularemia pathogen. To produce hybridomas mice were immunized with cells of the vaccine strain F. tularensis subsp. holarctica 15 NIIEG. After cell fusion hybridomas were selected by a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the tularemia microbe. As a result, two hybridomas, 1C2 and 3F5, were produced. MABs of the hybridomas were obtained by using BALB / c mice. The MABs were purified by sepharose A affinity chromatography and used for conjugation with magnetic particles, and for biotinylation followed by matching a pair for ELISA. The pair of IMPs and MABs 3F5 as well as biotinylated FB11-x MABs was the best in detecting tularemia cells. The use of this MAB pair in ELISA allowed the identification of 105 microbial cells/ml in a 4 ml sample and 5×103 microbial cells/ml in a 45ml sample. Interaction with F. tularensis subsp. novicida Utah112 cells was absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Vetchinin
- State Research Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
| | | | - A E Khomyakov
- State Research Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
| | - R I Mironova
- State Research Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
| | - A N Mokrievich
- State Research Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
| | - S F Biketov
- State Research Center of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
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