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Shin GE, Lee KK, Ku BK, Oh SH, Jang SH, Kang B, Jeoung HY. Prevalence of viral agents causing swine reproductive failure in Korea and the development of multiplex real-time PCR and RT-PCR assays. Biologicals 2024; 86:101763. [PMID: 38641502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2024.101763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of viral agents causing reproductive failure in pigs in Korea. In addition, two types of multiplex real-time PCR (mqPCR) were developed for the simultaneous detection of Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) in mqPCR and encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in reverse transcription mqPCR (mRT-qPCR). A total of 150 aborted fetus samples collected from 2020 to 2022 were analyzed. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was the most prevalent (49/150 32.7%), followed by porcine circovirus type 2 (31/150, 20.7%), and PPV1 (7/150, 4.7%), whereas ADV, EMCV, and JEV were not detected. The newly developed mqPCR and mRT-qPCR could simultaneously detect and differentiate with high sensitivities and specificities. When applied to aborted fetuses, the newly developed mqPCR for PPV was 33.3% more sensitivities than the previously established diagnostic method. Amino acid analysis of the VP2 sequences of PPV isolates revealed considerable similarity to the highly pathogenic Kresse strain. This study successfully evaluated the prevalence of viral agents causing reproductive failure among swine in Korea, the developed mqPCR and mRT-qPCR methods could be utilized as effective and accurate diagnostic methods for the epidemiological surveillance of ADV, PPV, EMCV, and JEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go-Eun Shin
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Ki Lee
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bok-Kyung Ku
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Hong Oh
- Mediandiagnostics, Chuncheon, 24399, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Ho Jang
- Mediandiagnostics, Chuncheon, 24399, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bokyu Kang
- Mediandiagnostics, Chuncheon, 24399, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Young Jeoung
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea.
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Jang G, Kim J, Park C, Song K, Kang W, Yang K, Lee C. Pathogenicity of a novel classical swine fever LOM vaccine‐derived virus isolated on Jeju Island, South Korea. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2434-2443. [DOI: 10.1002/vms3.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guehwan Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center Gyeongsang National University Jinju Republic of Korea
| | - Joo‐Ah Kim
- Livestock Affairs Division Jeju Special Self‐Governing Province Jeju Republic of Korea
| | - Changnam Park
- Veterinary Research Institute Jeju Special Self‐Governing Province Jeju Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungok Song
- Veterinary Research Institute Jeju Special Self‐Governing Province Jeju Republic of Korea
| | - Won‐Myoung Kang
- Veterinary Research Institute Jeju Special Self‐Governing Province Jeju Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsu Yang
- Farm & Pharm Veterinary Hospital Jeju Republic of Korea
| | - Changhee Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Virus Vaccine Research Center Gyeongsang National University Jinju Republic of Korea
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Cui XY, Xia DS, Huang XY, Tian XX, Wang T, Yang YB, Wang G, Wang HW, Sun Y, Xiao YH, Tian ZJ, Cai XH, An TQ. Recombinant characteristics, pathogenicity, and viral shedding of a novel PRRSV variant derived from twice inter-lineage recombination. Vet Microbiol 2022; 271:109476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Recombination between the Fostera MLV-like Strain and the Strain Belonging to Lineage 1 of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in Korea. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061153. [PMID: 35746625 PMCID: PMC9229315 DOI: 10.3390/v14061153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important pathogens in the swine industry worldwide. In Korea, Fostera PRRS commercial modified live virus (MLV) vaccines have been used since 2014 to control the PRRSV infection. In this study, two PRRSV-2 strains (20D160-1 and 21R2-63-1) were successfully isolated, and their complete genomic sequences were determined. Genetic analysis showed that the two isolates have recombination events between the P129-like strain derived from the Fostera PRRS MLV vaccine and the strain of lineage 1. The 20D160-1 indicated that partial ORF2 to partial ORF4 of the minor parental KNU-1902-like strain, which belongs to Korean lineage C (Kor C) of lineage 1, was inserted into the major parental P129-like strain. The 21R2-63-1 revealed that partial ORF1b of the P129-like strain was inserted into the backbone of the NADC30-like strain. This study is the first to report natural recombinant strains between Fostera PRRS MLV-like strain and the field strain in Korea. These results may have significant implications for MLV evolution and the understanding of PRRSV genetic diversity, while highlighting the need for continuous surveillance of PRRSV.
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Choi HY, Kim MS, Kang YL, Choi JC, Choi IY, Jung SW, Jeong JY, Kim MC, Hwang SS, Lee SW, Park SY, Song CS, Choi IS, Lee JB. Development of a Chimeric Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV)-2 Vaccine Candidate Expressing Hypo-Glycosylated Glycoprotein-5 Ectodomain of Korean Lineage-1 Strain. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9040165. [PMID: 35448663 PMCID: PMC9028511 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is a practical method to provide protection against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), but current PRRSV vaccines show limited efficacy against divergent field strains. Lineage 1 PRRSV includes virulent strains such as NADC30 and MN184 and now has become one of the most prevalent viruses in Korea. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to develop a new vaccine for Korean lineage-1 strains. In this study, a vaccine candidate against Korean lineage-1 PRRSV, vCSL1-GP5-N33D, was developed by reverse genetics technology. vCSL1-GP5-N33D was designed as a hypo-glycosylated chimeric virus containing the glycoprotein 5 ectodomain region of the Korean lineage-1 wild-type strain. An inactivated vaccine of vCSL1-GP5-N33D was applied to a PRRS-endemic farm and elicited high serum virus neutralization (SVN) antibody titers. The vaccinated group induced SVN antibody titers of 4.40 (log2) ± 2.46, which were approximately 2-fold higher than those of the negative control at 8-weeks post-vaccination. Moreover, 60% of pigs in the vaccinated group displayed SVN antibody titers of ≥5 (log2), while none of the pigs in the negative control exhibited SVN antibody titers of ≥5 (log2). The overall results of the animal experiment suggest that the vCSL1-GP5-N33D inactivated vaccine is a promising vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwi-Yeon Choi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (M.-S.K.); (Y.-L.K.); (J.-C.C.); (I.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (J.-Y.J.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-S.S.); (I.-S.C.)
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (M.-S.K.); (Y.-L.K.); (J.-C.C.); (I.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (J.-Y.J.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-S.S.); (I.-S.C.)
| | - Yeong-Lim Kang
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (M.-S.K.); (Y.-L.K.); (J.-C.C.); (I.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (J.-Y.J.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-S.S.); (I.-S.C.)
| | - Jong-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (M.-S.K.); (Y.-L.K.); (J.-C.C.); (I.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (J.-Y.J.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-S.S.); (I.-S.C.)
| | - In-Yeong Choi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (M.-S.K.); (Y.-L.K.); (J.-C.C.); (I.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (J.-Y.J.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-S.S.); (I.-S.C.)
| | - Sung-Won Jung
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (M.-S.K.); (Y.-L.K.); (J.-C.C.); (I.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (J.-Y.J.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-S.S.); (I.-S.C.)
| | - Ji-Yun Jeong
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (M.-S.K.); (Y.-L.K.); (J.-C.C.); (I.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (J.-Y.J.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-S.S.); (I.-S.C.)
- Careside Co. Ltd., Woolim Lions Valley A-B210, #146-8, Sangdaewon-dong, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam 13209, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Min-Chul Kim
- Careside Co. Ltd., Woolim Lions Valley A-B210, #146-8, Sangdaewon-dong, Jungwon-gu, Seongnam 13209, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Seong-Soo Hwang
- Samhwa Breedings Agri. Inc., 435, Sinjin-ri, Gwangcheon-eup, Hongseong-gun 35090, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea;
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (M.-S.K.); (Y.-L.K.); (J.-C.C.); (I.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (J.-Y.J.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-S.S.); (I.-S.C.)
- KU Research Center for Zoonosis, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Park
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (M.-S.K.); (Y.-L.K.); (J.-C.C.); (I.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (J.-Y.J.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-S.S.); (I.-S.C.)
- KU Research Center for Zoonosis, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Chang-Seon Song
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (M.-S.K.); (Y.-L.K.); (J.-C.C.); (I.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (J.-Y.J.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-S.S.); (I.-S.C.)
- KU Research Center for Zoonosis, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - In-Soo Choi
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (M.-S.K.); (Y.-L.K.); (J.-C.C.); (I.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (J.-Y.J.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-S.S.); (I.-S.C.)
- KU Research Center for Zoonosis, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Joong-Bok Lee
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-Y.C.); (M.-S.K.); (Y.-L.K.); (J.-C.C.); (I.-Y.C.); (S.-W.J.); (J.-Y.J.); (S.-W.L.); (S.-Y.P.); (C.-S.S.); (I.-S.C.)
- KU Research Center for Zoonosis, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Jeong CG, Nazki S, Kim SC, Khatun A, Noh YH, Lee DU, Kang SC, Seo BJ, Yang MS, Lee SI, Yoon IJ, Kim B, Kim WI. Comparison of the pathogenicity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-1 and PRRSV-2 in pregnant sows. Arch Virol 2022; 167:425-439. [PMID: 35079900 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To date, few studies related to the evaluation of the pathogenicity of different PRRSV isolates using a reproductive model have been undertaken, and the main focus has remained on respiratory models using young pigs. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of two PRRSV-1 isolates (D40 and CBNU0495) and two PRRSV-2 isolates (K07-2273 and K08-1054) in a reproductive model. Pregnant sows were experimentally infected with PRRSV at gestational day 93 or used as an uninfected negative control. Sera were collected at 0, 3, 7, 14, and 19 days post-challenge (dpc) for virological and serological assays. At 19 dpc, all sows were euthanized, and their fetuses were recovered by performing cesarean section and immediately euthanized for sample collection. Here, compared to the other isolates, the CBNU0495 isolate replicated most efficiently in the pregnant sows, and K07-2273 produced the highest rate of reproductive failure even though it did not replicate as efficiently as the other isolates in sows and fetuses, indicating that vertical transmission and reproductive failure due to PRRSV infection do not have any significant correlation with the viral loads in samples from sows and fetuses. Similarly, the viral loads and the histopathological lesions did not show any correlation with each other, as the PRRSV-2-infected groups displayed more prominent and frequent histopathological lesions with lower viral loads than the PRRSV-1-infected groups. However, viral loads in the myometrium/endometrium might be related to the spreading of PRRSV in the fetuses, which affected the birth weight of live fetuses. This study contributes to a better understanding of the pathogenicity of the most prevalent Korean PRRSVs in a reproductive model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Salik Nazki
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea.,The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, UK
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Amina Khatun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Yun-Hee Noh
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory, Daejeon, 34055, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Lee
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory, Daejeon, 34055, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Byoung-Joo Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sim-In Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Joong Yoon
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory, Daejeon, 34055, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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The Novel PRRSV Strain HBap4-2018 with a Unique Recombinant Pattern Is Highly Pathogenic to Piglets. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1611-1625. [PMID: 34635987 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, various porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) variants emerged worldwide with different genetic characteristics and pathogenicity, increasing the difficulty of PRRS control. In this study, a PRRSV strain named HBap4-2018 was isolated from swine herds suffering severe respiratory disease with high morbidity in Hebei Province of China in 2018. The genome of HBap4-2018 is 15,003 nucleotides in length, and compared with NADC30-like PRRSV, nsp2 of HBap4-2018 has an additional continuous deletion of five amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis based on complete genome and ORF5 showed that HBap4-2018 belonged to lineage 8 of PRRSV-2, which was characterized by highly variable genome. However, HBap4-2018 was classified into lineage 1 based on phylogenetic analysis of nsp2, sharing higher amino acid homology (85.3%-85.5%) with NADC30-like PRRSV. Further analysis suggested that HBap4-2018 was a novel natural recombinant PRRSV with three recombinant fragments in the genome, of which highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) served as the major parental strains, while NADC30-like PRRSV served as the minor parental strains. Five recombination break points were identified in nsp2, nsp3, nsp5, nsp9 and ORF6, respectively, presenting a novel recombinant pattern in the genome. Piglets inoculated with HBap4-2018 presented typical clinical signs with a mortality rate of 60%. High levels of viremia and obvious macroscopic and histopathological lesions in the lungs were observed, revealing the high pathogenicity of HBap4-2018 in piglets.
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Small molecule screening identified cepharanthine as an inhibitor of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in vitro by suppressing integrins/ILK/RACK1/PKCα/NF-κB signalling axis. Vet Microbiol 2021; 255:109016. [PMID: 33677370 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a devastating disease among the most notorious threats to the swine industry worldwide and is characterized by respiratory distress and reproductive failure. Highly evolving porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains with complicated genetic diversity make the current vaccination strategy far from cost-effective and thus urge identification of potent lead candidates to provide prevention and treatment approaches. From an in vitro small molecule screening with the TargetMol Natural Compound Library comprising 623 small molecules, cytopathic effect (CPE) observations and RT-qPCR analysis of viral ORF7 gene expression identified cepharanthine (CEP) to be one of the most protent inhibitors of PRRSV infection in Marc-145 cells. When compared with tilmicosin, which is one of the most commonly used antibiotics in swine industry to inhibit infections, CEP more prominently inhibited PRRSV infection represented by both RNA and protein levels, further reduced the TCID50 by 5.6 times, and thus more remarkably protected Marc-145 cells against PRRSV infection. Mechanistically, western blot analyses of the Marc-145 cells and the porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) with or without CEP treatment and PRRSV infection at various time points revealed that CEP can inhibit the expression of integrins β1 and β3, integrin-linked kinase (ILK), RACK1 and PKCα, leading to NF-κB suppression and consequent alleviation of PRRSV infection. Collectively, our small molecule screening identified cepharanthine as an inhibitor of PRRSV infection in vitro by suppressing Integrins/ILK/RACK1/PKCα/NF-κB signalling axis, which may enlighten the deeper understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of PRRSV infection and more importantly, suggested CEP as a potential promising drug for PRRS control in veterinary clinics.
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