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Li J, Shang Q, Luo Y, Wei S, Zhao C, Ban L. Transmission from seed to seedling and elimination of alfalfa viruses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1330219. [PMID: 38903432 PMCID: PMC11187482 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1330219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Viral diseases have become a vital factor limiting the development of the alfalfa (Medicago sativa) industry. Six viruses infecting alfalfa with a high incidence rate are Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Medicago sativa alphapartitivirus 1 (MsAPV1), Medicago sativa alphapartitivirus 2 (MsAPV2), Medicago sativa deltapartitivirus 1 (MsDPV1), Medicago sativa amalgavirus 1 (MsAV1), and Cnidium vein yellowing virus 1 (CnVYV1). The purpose of this study was to develop preventive measures against these viruses by investigating their transmission through alfalfa seeds. Methods In this study, we investigated the transmission rate of alfalfa viruses from seed to seedling by PCR, determined the location of viruses in seed by dissecting seed embryos and seed coat, tracked the changes of viruses in seedlings, and finally discover effective elimination measures for alfalfa viruses from 16 measures. Results and discussion Our results demonstrated that all these six viruses could be transmitted from alfalfa seeds to seedlings with the transmission rate ranging from 44.44% to 88.89%. For AMV, MsAPV2, and MsAV1, the viral load was significantly higher in the seed coats than in the seed embryos; however, it did not show significant differences between these two parts of the seeds for MsAPV1, MsDPV1, and CnVYV1. Dynamic accumulation analysis of AMV and MsAPV2 indicated that the viral load in plants increased continuously in the early growth stage, making it important to inactivate these viruses prior to their seed-to-seedling transmission. Sixteen treatments including physical, chemical, and combinations of physical and chemical measures were compared in terms of their elimination efficiency on AMV and MsAPV2 and impacts on seed germination. The results showed that soaking alfalfa seeds in sterile distilled water for 2h + 2% NaClO for 1h or 2% NaClO for 1h were more promisingly applicable because it could significantly reduce AMV and MsAPV2 particles in both seeds and seedlings. Our data revealed a route of virus transmission in alfalfa and shed light on the discovery of a highly efficient method for the management of alfalfa viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Sanya Institute, China Agricultural University, Sanya, China
| | - Qiaoxia Shang
- College of Bioscience and Resource Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yingning Luo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhua Wei
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture in North China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhao
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture- Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Liping Ban
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Yang J, Chen Y, Yu J. Convolutional neural network based on the fusion of image classification and segmentation module for weed detection in alfalfa. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2751-2760. [PMID: 38299763 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate and reliable weed detection in real time is essential for realizing autonomous precision herbicide application. The objective of this research was to propose a novel neural network architecture to improve the detection accuracy for broadleaf weeds growing in alfalfa. RESULTS A novel neural network, ResNet-101-segmentation, was developed by fusing an image classification and segmentation module with the backbone selected from ResNet-101. Compared with existing neural networks (AlexNet, GoogLeNet, VGG16, and ResNet-101), ResNet-101-segmentation improved the detection of Carolina geranium, catchweed bedstraw, mugwort and speedwell from 78.27% to 98.17%, from 79.49% to 98.28%, from 67.03% to 96.23%, and from 75.95% to 98.06%, respectively. The novel network exhibited high values of confusion matrices (>90%) when trained with sufficient data sets. CONCLUSION ResNet-101-segmentation demonstrated excellent performance compared with existing models (AlexNet, GoogLeNet, VGG16, and ResNet-101) for detecting broadleaf weeds growing in alfalfa. This approach offers a promising solution to increase the accuracy of weed detection, especially in cases where weeds and crops have similar plant morphology. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, China
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Yingning L, Shuhua W, Wenting D, Miao M, Ying W, Rong Z, Liping B. Chromosome-level genome assembly of Odontothrips loti Haliday (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Sci Data 2024; 11:451. [PMID: 38704405 PMCID: PMC11069530 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
As the predominant pest of alfalfa, Odontothrips loti Haliday causes great damages over the major alfalfa-growing regions of China. The characteristics of strong mobility and fecundity make them develop rapidly in the field and hard to be controlled. There is a shortage of bioinformation and limited genomic resources available of O. loti for us to develop novel pest management strategies. In this study, we constructed a chromosome-level reference genome assembly of O. loti with a genome size of 346.59 Mb and scaffold N50 length of 18.52 Mb, anchored onto 16 chromosomes and contained 20128 genes, of which 93.59% were functionally annotated. The results of 99.20% complete insecta_odb10 genes in BUSCO analysis, 91.11% short reads mapped to the ref-genome, and the consistent tendency among the thrips in the distribution of gene length reflects the quality of genome. Our study provided the first report of genome for the genus Odontothrips, which offers a genomic resource for further investigations on evolution and molecular biology of O. loti, contributing to pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Yingning
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wei Shuhua
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Dai Wenting
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Miao Miao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wang Ying
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Zhang Rong
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, 750002, China
| | - Ban Liping
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Poimala A, Vainio E. Discovery and Identification of Viruses Infecting Oomycetes. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2732:45-65. [PMID: 38060117 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3515-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes protocols suitable for the detection and identification of RNA viruses infecting oomycetes (so-called water molds of Kingdom Heterokonta, Stramenopila), focusing on species of Phytophthora and exemplified by P. fragariae. The protocol includes laboratory procedures for oomycete cultivation and total RNA extraction from harvested mycelia, followed by instructions on suitable parameters given for sequencing companies on ribosomal RNA depletion, cDNA library preparation, and total RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). We also describe the bioinformatics steps needed for de novo assembly of raw reads into contigs, removal of host-associated contigs, and virus identification by database searches, as well as host validation by RT-PCR. All steps are described using an exemplar RNA-Seq library containing a yet undescribed fusagravirus hosted by a P. fragariae isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Poimala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eeva Vainio
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Helsinki, Finland
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Liu Y, Luo Y, Du L, Ban L. Antennal Transcriptome Analysis of Olfactory Genes and Characterization of Odorant Binding Proteins in Odontothrips loti (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065284. [PMID: 36982358 PMCID: PMC10048907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify odors in complex environments accurately, insects have evolved multiple olfactory proteins. In our study, various olfactory proteins of Odontothrips loti Haliday, an oligophagous pest that primarily affects Medicago sativa (alfalfa), were explored. Specifically, 47 putative olfactory candidate genes were identified in the antennae transcriptome of O. loti, including seven odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), nine chemosensory proteins (CSPs), seven sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs), eight odorant receptors (ORs), and sixteen ionotropic receptors (IRs). PCR analysis further confirmed that 43 out of 47 genes existed in O. loti adults, and O.lotOBP1, O.lotOBP4, and O.lotOBP6 were specifically expressed in the antennae with a male-biased expression pattern. In addition, both the fluorescence competitive binding assay and molecular docking showed that p-Menth-8-en-2-one, a component of the volatiles of the host, had strong binding ability to the O.lotOBP6 protein. Behavioral experiments showed that this component has a significant attraction to both female and male adults, indicating that O.lotOBP6 plays a role in host location. Furthermore, molecular docking reveals potential active sites in O.lotOBP6 that interact with most of the tested volatiles. Our results provide insights into the mechanism of O. loti odor-evoked behavior and the development of a highly specific and sustainable approach for thrip management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingning Luo
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lixiao Du
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Liping Ban
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence:
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Alanazi M, Arafa WA, Althobaiti IO, Altaleb HA, Bakr RB, Elkanzi NAA. Green Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking Study of Novel Quinoxaline Derivatives with Insecticidal Potential against Aphis craccivora. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:27674-27689. [PMID: 35967065 PMCID: PMC9366785 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and environmentally friendly method was established for designing novel 3-amino-1,4-dihydroquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile (1) via the reaction of bromomalononitrile and benzene-1,2-diamine under microwave irradiation in an excellent yield (93%). This targeted amino derivative was utilized for the construction of a series of Schiff bases (8-13). A new series of thiazolidinone derivatives (15-20) were synthesized in high yields (89-96%) via treatment of thioglycolic acid with Schiff bases (8-13) under microwave irradiation in high yields (89-96%). Moreover, new pyrimidine derivatives (26-30 and 35-38) were prepared by treatment of compound 1 with arylidenes (21-25) and/or alkylidenemalononitriles (31-34) using piperidine as a basic catalyst under microwave conditions. Based on elemental analyses and spectral data, the structures of the new assembled compounds were determined. The newly synthesized quinoxaline derivatives were screened and studied as an insecticidal agent against Aphis craccivora. The obtained results indicate that compound 16 is the most toxicological agent against nymphs of cowpea aphids (Aphis craccivora) compared to the other synthesized pyrimidine and thiazolidinone derivatives. The molecular docking study of the new quinoxaline derivatives registered that compound 16 had the highest binding score (-10.54 kcal/mol) and the thiazolidinone moiety formed hydrogen bonds with Trp143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam
Azzam Alanazi
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael A.A. Arafa
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, P.O. Box 63514, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim O. Althobaiti
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamud A. Altaleb
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic
University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania B. Bakr
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Nadia A. A. Elkanzi
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 2014, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, P.O. Box 81528, Aswan 81528, Egypt
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Li J, Shang Q, Liu Y, Dai W, Li X, Wei S, Hu G, McNeill MR, Ban L. Occurrence, Distribution, and Transmission of Alfalfa Viruses in China. Viruses 2022; 14:1519. [PMID: 35891498 PMCID: PMC9316278 DOI: 10.3390/v14071519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important quality forages worldwide and is cultivated throughout China. Alfalfa is susceptible to a variety of viral diseases during its growth, which has caused huge amounts of commercial losses. However, the profile of the alfalfa virus in China remains ambiguous and the viruses transmitted by Odontothrips loti (Haliday), dominant insect pests in alfalfa, are also poorly understood. In the present study, virus diversity was investigated in the primary alfalfa-growing areas in China. A total of 18 alfalfa viruses were identified through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Two new plant viruses, Medicago sativa virus 1 (MsV1) and Medicago sativa luteovirus 1 (MsLV1), were detected for the first time. Another four viruses, including the Alfalfa ringspot-associated virus (ARaV), Alfalfa virus F (AVF), Alfalfa enamovirus 1 (AEV1), and Alfalfa deltaparitivirus (ADPV), were reported in China for the first time as well. Both Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Medicago sativa alphapartitivirus 2 (MsAPV2) are the dominant pathogens, with an infection incidence of 91.7-100%, and 74.4-97.2%, respectively. Additionally, O. loti with first- and second-instar nymphs were shown to acquire the AMV within 0.25 h of feeding on a virus-infected alfalfa. Transmission by thrips to healthy alfalfa plants was also demonstrated. Additionally, we clarified the dynamic changes in the AMV in pre-adult stages of O. loti, which indicated that the AMV is propagated in the nymph stage of O. loti. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the alfalfa virome, confirm the role thrips O. loti plays in alfalfa virus transmission, and improve our fundamental knowledge and management of diseases in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Qiaoxia Shang
- College of Bioscience and Resources Environment, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100096, China;
| | - Yanqi Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Wenting Dai
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Xin Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.D.); (X.L.)
| | - Shuhua Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China;
| | - Guixin Hu
- Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Mark Richard McNeill
- Resilient Agriculture Innovative Centre of Excellence, AgResearch, Ltd., Lincoln 7674, New Zealand;
| | - Liping Ban
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.D.); (X.L.)
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A Novel Flavi-like Virus in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Crops along the Snake River Valley. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061320. [PMID: 35746792 PMCID: PMC9228291 DOI: 10.3390/v14061320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa is an important perennial forage crop in Idaho supporting dairy and cattle industries that is typically grown in the same field for as many as 4 years. Alfalfa stands of different ages were subjected to screening for viruses using high-throughput sequencing and RT-PCR. The two most common viruses found were alfalfa mosaic virus and bean leafroll virus, along with Medicago sativa amalgavirus, two alphapartitiviruses, and one deltapartitivirus. Additionally, a new flavi-like virus with an unusual genome organization was discovered, dubbed Snake River alfalfa virus (SRAV). The 11,745 nt, positive-sense (+) RNA genome of SRAV encodes a single 3835 aa polyprotein with only two identifiable conserved domains, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) and a predicted serine protease. Notably, unlike all +RNA virus genomes in the similar size range, the SRAV polyprotein contained no predicted helicase domain. In the RdRP phylogeny, SRAV was placed inside the flavi-like lineage as a sister clade to a branch consisting of hepaci-, and pegiviruses. To the best of our knowledge, SRAV is the first flavi-like virus identified in a plant host. Although commonly detected in alfalfa crops in southern Idaho, SRAV sequences were also amplified from thrips feeding in alfalfa stands in the area, suggesting a possible role of Frankliniella occidentalis in virus transmission.
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Telengech P, Shahi S, Kondo H, Suzuki N. A novel deltapartitivirus from red clover. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1201-1204. [PMID: 35246731 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The family Partitiviridae has five genera, among which is the genus Deltapartitivirus. We report here the complete genome sequence of a deltapartitivirus from red clover, termed "red clover cryptic virus 3" (RCCV3). RCCV3 has a bisegmented double-stranded (ds) RNA genome. dsRNA1 and dsRNA2 are 1580 and 1589 nucleotides (nt) in length and are predicted to encode an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) and a capsid protein (CP), respectively. The RCCV3 RdRP shares the highest sequence identity with the RdRP of a previously reported deltapartitivirus, Medicago sativa deltapartitivirus 1 (MsDPV1) (76.5%), while the RCCV3 CP shows 50% sequence identity to the CP of MsDPV1. RdRP- and CP-based phylogenetic trees place RCCV3 into a clade of deltapartitiviruses. The sequence and phylogenetic analyses clearly indicate that RCCV3 represents a new species in the genus Deltapartitivirus. RCCV3 was detectable in all three tested cultivars of red clover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Telengech
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Sabitree Shahi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Hideki Kondo
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, 710-0046, Japan.
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Guo Z, Zhang T, Chen Z, Niu J, Cui X, Mao Y, Hassan MU, Kareem HA, Xu N, Sui X, Gao S, Roy M, Cui J, Wang Q. Occurrence, Distribution, and Genetic Diversity of Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Viruses in Four Major Alfalfa-Producing Provinces of China. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:771361. [PMID: 35095791 PMCID: PMC8793692 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.771361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most widely cultivated forage crops in the world. China is the second largest producer of alfalfa in terms of the planting area worldwide, with Gansu, Henan, Inner Mongolia, and Shaanxi provinces being the production hubs. Alfalfa viruses have been reported on a small-scale survey in some of these areas, but they have not been well characterized. In the present study, seven viruses were detected in 12 fields of 10 cities/counties of the four abovementioned provinces by high-throughput sequencing and assembly of small RNA. Their incidence, distribution, and genetic diversity were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/reverse transcription-PCR and clone sequencing. The results showed that alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), pea streak virus (PeSV), lucerne transient streak virus (LTSV), alfalfa dwarf virus (ADV), Medicago sativa alphapartitivirus 1 (MsAPV1), MsAPV2, and alfalfa leaf curl virus (ALCV) were the main viruses infecting alfalfa in four examined provinces. AMV and MsAPV1 had the highest incidences in all 4 provinces. SDT analysis of the 7 viruses isolated in China revealed a highly conserved among AMV, LTSV, ADV, MsAPV1, MsAPV2, and ALCV, but the sequence was a high variation between China isolates to abroad isolates in PeSV, ADV, and ALCV. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ADV in Inner Mongolia and Gansu, ALCV in Inner Mongolia, MsAPV1 and MsAPV2 in all 4 provinces, and PeSV and LTSV in China. These findings provide a basis for future research on the genetic evolution of alfalfa viruses in China and on strategies to prevent diseases in alfalfa caused by these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Guo
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Junpeng Niu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuewen Cui
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yue Mao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mahmood Ul Hassan
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hafiz Abdul Kareem
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin Sui
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuanghong Gao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Momi Roy
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Plant Science, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Quanzhen Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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McNeill MR, Tu X, Ferguson CM, Ban L, Hardwick S, Rong Z, Barratt BIP, Zehua Z. Diversity and impacts of key grassland and forage arthropod pests in China and New Zealand: An overview of IPM and biosecurity opportunities. NEOBIOTA 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.65.61991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
For both New Zealand and China, agriculture is integral to the economy, supporting primary production in both intensive and extensive farming systems. Grasslands have important ecosystem and biodiversity functions, as well providing valuable grazing for livestock. However, production and persistence of grassland and forage species (e.g. alfalfa) is not only compromised by overgrazing, climate change and habitat fragmentation, but from a range of pests and diseases, which impose considerable costs on growers in lost production and income. Some of these pest species are native, but increasingly, international trade is seeing the rapid spread of exotic and invasive species. New Zealand and China are major trading partners with significant tourist flow between the two countries. This overview examines the importance of grasslands and alfalfa in both countries, the current knowledge on the associated insect pest complex and biocontrol options. Identifying similarities and contrasts in biology and impacts along with some prediction on the impact of invasive insect species, especially under climate change, are possible. However, it is suggested that coordinated longitudinal ecological research, carried out in both countries using sentinel grass and forage species, is critical to addressing gaps in our knowledge of biology and impact of potential pests, along with identifying opportunities for control, particularly using plant resistance or biological control.
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