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Han TT, Tang JX, Fang M, Zhang P, Han PY, Yin ZN, Ma Y, Zhang J, Lu QY. Two genes encoded by mulberry crinkle leaf virus (MCLV): The V4 gene enhances viral replication, and the V5 gene is needed for MCLV infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Virus Res 2024; 339:199288. [PMID: 38043724 PMCID: PMC10751690 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry crinkle leaf virus (MCLV) is a member of the genus Mulcrilevirus, family Geminiviridae. The expression and functions of the V4 and V5 genes encoded by the MCLV genome remain unknown. Here, we confirmed the expression of V4 and V5 by analyzing the V4 and V5 mRNAs and the promoter activity of individual ORFs upstream sequences. The functions of V4 and V5 were investigated by constructing Agrobacterium-mediated infectious clones of wild-type MCLV variant П (MCLV vII), MCLVwt and MCLV vП mutants, such as MCLVmV4 (start codon of V4 ORF mutated), MCLVdV4 (5'-end partial deletion of V4 ORF sequence) and MCLVmV5 (V5 ORF start codon mutated). Although MCLVwt, MCLVmV4, and MCLVdV4 could infect natural host mulberry and experimental tomato plants systematically, the replication of the MCLVmV4 and MCLVdV4 genomes was obviously reduced compared to MCLVwt in both mulberry and tomato plants. MCLV vП expressing V5 could infect Nicotiana benthamiana plants systematically, but MCLVmV5 could not, implying that V5 is needed for MCLV vП to infect N. benthamiana plants. Taken together, V4 is involved in replication of the MCLV genome in host plants, and V5 potentially might extend the host range. Our findings lay a foundation for in-depth insight into the functions of MCLV-encoded proteins and provide a novel perspective for the subsequent study of MCLV-host plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao-Tao Han
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Jia-Xuan Tang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Miao Fang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Pei-Yu Han
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Yin
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Yu Ma
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Silkworm and Mulberry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China
| | - Quan-You Lu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Silkworm and Mulberry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212100, China.
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Rizzo P, Chavez BG, Leite Dias S, D'Auria JC. Plant synthetic biology: from inspiration to augmentation. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 79:102857. [PMID: 36502769 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although it is still in its infancy, synthetic biology has the capacity to face scientific and societal problems related to modern agriculture. Innovations in cloning toolkits and genetic parts allow increased precision over gene expression in planta. We review the vast spectrum of available technologies providing a practical list of toolkits that take advantage of combinatorial power to introduce/alter metabolic pathways. We highlight that rational design is inspired by deep knowledge of natural and biochemical mechanisms. Finally, we provide several examples in which modern technologies have been applied to address these critical topics. Future applications in plants include not only pathway modifications but also prospects of augmenting plant anatomical features and developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paride Rizzo
- Metabolite Diversity Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, Correnstr. 3, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Benjamin G Chavez
- Metabolite Diversity Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, Correnstr. 3, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Sara Leite Dias
- Metabolite Diversity Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, Correnstr. 3, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - John C D'Auria
- Metabolite Diversity Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK) OT Gatersleben, Correnstr. 3, D-06466 Seeland, Germany.
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