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Li X, Wang Y, Li J, Yu Z, Wei Y, Chen S, He L, Ding K, Chen J. Recombination of variable and host range regions of glycoprotein gp85 in different avian leukosis virus subgroup K isolates. Arch Virol 2024; 169:155. [PMID: 38951272 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Given the high prevalence of avian leukosis virus subgroup K (ALV-K) in chickens in China, the positive rate of ALV-K in local chickens in Henan province was investigated, and the genetic region encoding the glycoprotein gp85 of isolates from positive chickens was analyzed. The positive rate of ALV-K in local chickens in Henan was found to be 87.2% (41/47). Phylogenetic analysis of gp85 sequences revealed six clusters that differed in their host range regions (hr1 and hr2) and variable regions (vr1, vr2, and vr3). Evidence of recombination of hr1, hr2, vr1, vr2, and vr3 was observed between the different clusters. The isolate HN23LS02 appears to have obtained its hr1 and hr2 regions from separate lineages via recombination but without having a significant affect on the replication capacity of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Luoyang, 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Luoyang, 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Jiufeng Li
- The Veterinary Biological Products Testing Center of Zaozhuang, Zaozhuang, 277101, China
| | - Zuhua Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Luoyang, 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Ying Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Luoyang, 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Songbiao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Luoyang, 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Lei He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Luoyang, 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Ke Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Luoyang, 471003, China
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Jian Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Luoyang, 471003, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
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2
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Wang Z, Liu L, Dou J, Li L, Lu Q, Jin X, Shao H, Cheng Z, Zhang T, Luo Q, Bei W. Identification of a New B-Cell Epitope on the Capsid Protein of Avian Leukosis Virus and Its Application. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5866-5880. [PMID: 38921021 PMCID: PMC11202774 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus (ALV) is an avian oncogenic retrovirus that can impair immunological function, stunt growth and decrease egg production in avian flocks. The capsid protein (P27) is an attractive candidate for ALV diagnostics. In the present study, a new hybridoma cell (1F8) stably secreting an anti-P27 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was developed. The mAb exhibited a high affinity constant (Ka) of 8.65 × 106.0 L/mol, and it could be used for the detection of ALV-A/B/J/K strains. Moreover, a total of eight truncated recombinant proteins and five synthetic polypeptides were utilized for the identification of the B-cell epitopes present on P27. The results revealed that 218IIKYVLDRQK227 was the minimal epitope recognized by 1F8, which had never been reported before. Additionally, the epitopes could strongly react with different ALV subgroup's specific positive serum and had a complete homology among all the ALV subgroups strains. Finally, a new sandwich ELISA method was created for the detection of ALV antigens, demonstrating increased sensitivity compared to a commercially available ELISA kit. These results offer essential knowledge for further characterizing the antigenic composition of ALV P27 and will facilitate the development of diagnostic reagents for ALV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.W.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.L.); (J.D.); (H.S.); (Z.C.); (T.Z.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.L.); (J.D.); (H.S.); (Z.C.); (T.Z.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Junfeng Dou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.L.); (J.D.); (H.S.); (Z.C.); (T.Z.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.W.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.L.); (J.D.); (H.S.); (Z.C.); (T.Z.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Qin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.W.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.L.); (J.D.); (H.S.); (Z.C.); (T.Z.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Xinxin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.W.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (X.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.L.); (J.D.); (H.S.); (Z.C.); (T.Z.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Huabin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.L.); (J.D.); (H.S.); (Z.C.); (T.Z.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Zhengyu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.L.); (J.D.); (H.S.); (Z.C.); (T.Z.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Tengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.L.); (J.D.); (H.S.); (Z.C.); (T.Z.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Qingping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; (L.L.); (J.D.); (H.S.); (Z.C.); (T.Z.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Z.W.); (L.L.); (Q.L.); (X.J.)
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430064, China
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Cui N, Han X, Yang X, Zhao X, Huang Q, Xu C, Su S. Avian leukosis virus usurps the cellular SERBP1 protein to enhance its transcription and promote productive infections in avian cells. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103755. [PMID: 38663206 PMCID: PMC11068620 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup K (ALV-K) is composed of newly emerging isolates, which cluster separately from the well-characterized subgroups A, B, C, D, E, and J in sequence analysis, and exhibits a specific host range and a unique pattern of superinfection interference. Avian leukosis virus subgroup K replicate more slowly in avian cells than other ALV strains, leading to escaped detection during ALV eradication, but the underlying mechanism are largely unknown. In our previous study, we have reported that JS11C1 and most of other suspected ALV-K strains possessed unique mutations in the U3 region. Here, we selected 5 mutations in some important transcriptional regulation elements to explore the possible factor contributing for the lower activity of LTR, including CA-TG mutation in the CAAT box, 21 nt deletion in the CAAT box, A-G and A-T mutations in the CArG boxes, 11 nt insertion in the PRE boxes, and C-T mutation in the TATA box. On the basis of infectious clone of JS11C1, we demonstrated that the 11 nt fragment in the PRE boxes was associated with the transcription activity of LTR, the enhancer ability of U3, and the replication capacity of the virus. Notably, we determined the differential U3-protein interaction profile of ALVs and found that the 11 nt fragment specifically binds to cellular SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1 (SERBP1) to increase the LTR activity and enhance virus replication. Collectively, these findings reveal that a 11 nt fragment in the U3 gene contributed to its binding ability to the cellular SERBP1 to enhance its transcription and the infectious virus productions in avian cells. This study highlighted the vital role of host factor in retrovirus replication and thus provides a new perspective to elucidate the interaction between retrovirus and its host and a molecular basis to develop efficient strategies against retroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Cui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Han
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Jinan, China; College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Jinan, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Qinghua Huang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Jinan, China
| | - Chuantian Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding; Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, Jinan, China.
| | - Shuai Su
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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Wei C, Kuang H, Xu X, Guo L, Qu A, Wu A, Xu C, Liu L. Establishment and application of a gold nanoparticle-based immunochromatographic test strip for the detection of avian leukosis virus P27 antigen in egg white samples. Analyst 2024; 149:2747-2755. [PMID: 38563739 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00180j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Avian leukemia is an infectious tumorous disease of chickens caused by subgroup A of the avian leukemia virus (ALV-A), which mainly causes long-term viremia, slow growth, immune suppression, decreased production performance, multi-tissue tumors, and even death. The infection rate of this disease is very high in chicken herds in China, causing huge economic losses to the poultry industry every year. We successfully expressed the specific antigen protein of ALV (P27) through recombinant protein technology and screened a pair of highly sensitive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) through mouse immunity, cell fusion, and antibody pairing. Based on this pair of antibodies, we established a dual antibody sandwich ELISA and gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic strip (AuNP-ICS) detection method. In addition, the parameters of the dual antibody sandwich ELISA and AuNP-ICS were optimized under different reaction conditions, which resulted in the minimum detection limits of 0.2 ng mL-1 and 1.53 ng ml-1, respectively. Commonly available ELISA and AuNP-ICS products on the market were compared, and we found that our established immune rapid chromatography had higher sensitivity. This established AuNP-ICS had no cross-reactivity with Influenza A (H1N1), Influenza A (H9N2), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Listeria monocytogenes listeriolysin (LLO), and Staphylococcal enterotoxin SED or SEC. Finally, the established AuNP-ICS was used to analyze 35 egg samples, and the results showed 5 positive samples and 30 negative samples. The AuNP-ICS rapid detection method established by our group had good specificity, high sensitivity, and convenience, and could be applied to the clinical sample detection of ALV-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Wei
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinxin Xu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingling Guo
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aihua Qu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aihong Wu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
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Gentile N, Carrasquer F, Marco-Fuertes A, Marin C. Backyard poultry: exploring non-intensive production systems. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103284. [PMID: 38056053 PMCID: PMC10749279 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of backyard poultry historically encompassed "food-producing animals." Nevertheless, a recent shift in livestock production paradigms within developed countries is evident, as backyard poultry owners now raise their birds for purposes beyond self-consumption, raising animals in a familiar way, and fostering emotional bonds with them. Because backyard animals are frequently privately owned, and the resulting products are typically not marketed, very little information is available about the demographic profile of backyard owners and information on flocks' characteristics, husbandry, and welfare. Thus, this review aims to clarify the characteristics of backyard poultry, highlighting the prevalent infectious diseases and the zoonotic risk to which farmers are exposed. According to the FAO, there are different types of poultry production systems: intensive, sub-intensive, and extensive. The system conditions, requirements, and the resulting performance differ extensively due to the type of breed, feeding practices, prevalence of disease, prevention and control of diseases, flock management, and the interactions among all these factors. The presence and transmission of infectious diseases in avian species is a problem that affects both the animals themselves and public health. Bacterial (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and Mycoplasma), parasitic (helminths, louses, and mites), and viral (Avian influenza, Newcastle, Marek, Infectious Bronchitis, Gumboro, Infectious Laringotracheitis, and Fowlpox) are the most important pathogens involved in backyard poultry health. In addition, Avian influenza, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli, could be a risk for backyard farmers and/or backyard-derived products consumers. Thus, proper biosecurity implementation measures are mandatory to control them. While the principles and practices of on-farm biosecurity may be well-versed among commercial farmers, hobbyists, and backyard farmers might not be familiar with the necessary steps to protect their flocks from infectious diseases and curb their transmission. This sector represents the fourth category of poultry farming, characterized by the lowest biosecurity standards. Consequently, it is imperative to address the legal status of backyard poultry, educate owners about biosecurity measures, and promote proper veterinary care and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicla Gentile
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy; Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Carrasquer
- H&N International GmbH, 27472 Cuxhaven, Germany; Institute of Science and Animal Technology, Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Marco-Fuertes
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Marin
- Departamento de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Salud Pública Veterinaria y Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.
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Fandiño S, Gomez-Lucia E, Benítez L, Doménech A. Avian Leukosis: Will We Be Able to Get Rid of It? Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2358. [PMID: 37508135 PMCID: PMC10376345 DOI: 10.3390/ani13142358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis viruses (ALVs) have been virtually eradicated from commercial poultry. However, some niches remain as pockets from which this group of viruses may reemerge and induce economic losses. Such is the case of fancy, hobby, backyard chickens and indigenous or native breeds, which are not as strictly inspected as commercial poultry and which have been found to harbor ALVs. In addition, the genome of both poultry and of several gamebird species contain endogenous retroviral sequences. Circumstances that support keeping up surveillance include the detection of several ALV natural recombinants between exogenous and endogenous ALV-related sequences which, combined with the well-known ability of retroviruses to mutate, facilitate the emergence of escape mutants. The subgroup most prevalent nowadays, ALV-J, has emerged as a multi-recombinant which uses a different receptor from the previously known subgroups, greatly increasing its cell tropism and pathogenicity and making it more transmissible. In this review we describe the ALVs, their different subgroups and which receptor they use to infect the cell, their routes of transmission and their presence in different bird collectivities, and the immune response against them. We analyze the different systems to control them, from vaccination to the progress made editing the bird genome to generate mutated ALV receptors or selecting certain haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Fandiño
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Gomez-Lucia
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Benítez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), C. de José Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Doménech
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Research Group, "Animal Viruses" of Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Xiang Y, Chen Q, Li Q, Liang C, Cao W. The expression level of chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase in tumors induced by ALV-J is positively correlated with methylation and mutation of its promoter region. Vet Res 2022; 53:49. [PMID: 35739589 PMCID: PMC9229480 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) can cause neoplastic diseases in poultry and is still widely prevalent in China. Chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase (chTERT) is the core component of telomerase, which is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. Our previous studies showed that chTERT is overexpressed in ALV-J tumors, but the mechanism is still not completely clear. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the possible molecular mechanism of chTERT overexpression in ALV-J tumors from the perspective of DNA methylation and promoter mutation. Methylation sequencing of the chTERT amplicon showed that ALV-J replication promoted the methylation level of the chTERT promoter. And the methylation level of the chTERT promoter in ALV-J tumors was significantly higher than that in tumor-adjacent and normal tissues. Compared with the tumor-adjacent and normal tissues, the chTERT promoter in each ALV-J tumors tested had a mutation of -183 bp C > T, and 36.0% (9/25) of the tumors also had mutations of -184 bp T > C, -73 bp::GGCCC and -56 bp A > T in the chTERT promoter, which formed the binding sites for the transcription factors NFAT5, TFAP2A and ZEB1, respectively. The results of RT-qPCR and Western blotting showed that the occurrence of these mutations significantly increased the expression level of chTERT. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the high expression of chTERT in ALV-J tumors is positively correlated with the level of hypermethylation and mutation in its promoter, which provides a new perspective for further research on the molecular mechanism of chTERT in ALV-J tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qinxi Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Canxin Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Weisheng Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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8
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Xiang Y, Liang C, Li Q, Chen Q, Zhou Y, Zheng X, Zhou D, Wang Z, Wang G, Cao W. Chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase promotes the tumorigenicity of avian leukosis virus subgroup J by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Vet Res 2022; 53:100. [PMID: 36461084 PMCID: PMC9717515 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to analyze the regulatory effect of chicken telomerase reverse transcriptase (chTERT) on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and its effect on the tumorigenicity of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) through in vivo experiments. The chTERT eukaryotic expression plasmid and its recombinant lentivirus particles were constructed for in vivo transfection of chTERT to analyze the effect of chTERT continuously overexpressed in chickens on the tumorigenicity of ALV-J. During 156 days of the artificial ALV-J tumor-inducing process, 7 solid tumors developed in 3 chickens in the chTERT-overexpression group (n = 26*2) and no tumors developed in the control group (n = 26*2). Another 18 tumors induced by ALV-J were confirmed and collected from breeding poultry farms. And we confirmed that chTERT was significantly highly expressed in ALV-J tumors. The ELISA data suggested that the protein levels of β-catenin and c-Myc in the chicken plasma of the chTERT-overexpressing group with ALV-J infected were consistently and significantly higher than those of the control group. Compared with that of the tumor-adjacent tissues, the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and expression of the c-Myc was significantly increased in ALV-J tumors. And the percentage of apoptosis in ALV-J tumors significantly lower than that in tumor-adjacent tissues. Immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-qPCR suggested that the replication level of ALV-J in tumors was significantly higher than that in tumor-adjacent tissues. This study suggests that chTERT plays a critical role in the tumorigenicity of ALV-J by enhancing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which will contribute to further elucidating the tumor-inducing mechanism of ALV-J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xiang
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Canxin Liang
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Qingbo Li
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Qinxi Chen
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Yang Zhou
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Xiaoxue Zheng
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Di Zhou
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Zepeng Wang
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Guyao Wang
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Weisheng Cao
- grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China ,grid.20561.300000 0000 9546 5767Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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