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Uyeki SC, Pacheco CM, Simeral ML, Hafner JH. The Raman Active Vibrations of Flavone and Quercetin: The Impact of Conformers and Hydrogen Bonding on Fingerprint Modes. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1387-1394. [PMID: 36735995 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The detection and analysis of flavonoids by Raman spectroscopy are of interest in many fields, including medicinal chemistry, food science, and astrobiology. Spectral interpretation would benefit from better identification of the fingerprint vibrational peaks of different flavonoids and how they are affected by intermolecular interactions. The Raman spectra of two flavonoids, flavone and quercetin, were investigated through comparisons between spectra recorded from pure powders and spectra calculated with time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). For both flavone and quercetin, 17 peaks were assigned to specific molecular vibrations. Both flavonoids were found to have a split peak between 1250-1350 cm-1 that is not predicted by TDDFT calculations on isolated molecules. In each case, it is shown that the addition of hydrogen bonded molecules arranged based on crystal structures reproduces the split peaks. These peaks were due to a stretching vibration of the bond between benzopyrone and phenyl rings and represent a characteristic spectral feature of flavonoids. Spectra of pollen grains from Quercus virginiana were also recorded and exhibit several peaks that correspond to the quercetin spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Campbell Uyeki
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Charles M Pacheco
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Mathieu L Simeral
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jason H Hafner
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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2
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Alkhodier RA, Mishra SK, Doerksen RJ, Colby DA. Comparison of Conformational Analyses of Naturally Occurring Flavonoid- O-Glycosides with Unnatural Flavonoid-CF 2-Glycosides Using Molecular Modeling. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:375-386. [PMID: 36512328 PMCID: PMC9904208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many glycosylated natural products display biological activity and are deglycosylated by the metabolic processes of the body. Although unnatural CF2-glycosides have been proposed as nonhydrolyzable analogues, CF2-derivatives of natural products are exceedingly challenging to synthesize and few examples exist. These difluorinated molecules may have unique conformational behavior as a consequence of changing the glycosidic linkage. In this study, we performed conformational searches using MacroModel followed by molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the conformational behavior of the glycosidic bonds in flavonoid-O-glycosides and in corresponding CF2-glycosylated derivatives. Compared to their O-glycosylated analogues, flavonoid-3-CF2-glycosides and flavonoid-5-CF2-glycosides showed conformational bias, whereas flavonoid-7-CF2-glycosides showed more flexibility. Flavonoid-5-CF2-glycosides were the least flexible compared to all others. Our results show that the site of the glycosylation and the substitution pattern on the flavonoid determine the conformational properties of these molecules. These two factors influence the steric destabilization and/or stereoelectronic stabilization which govern the conformational behavior of the flavonoid glycosides. Moreover, a docking study of quercitrin and its CF2-analogue into murine ribosomal kinase RSK2 demonstrated the potential for flavonoid-CF2-glycosides to retain a similar binding pose as the parent O-glycoside. These findings will assist in designing stable flavonoid-CF2-glycosides for carbohydrate research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem A Alkhodier
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Sushil K. Mishra
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - Robert J. Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
| | - David A. Colby
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677
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3
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de Souza
Farias SA, da Costa KS, Martins JB. Analysis of Conformational, Structural, Magnetic, and Electronic Properties Related to Antioxidant Activity: Revisiting Flavan, Anthocyanidin, Flavanone, Flavonol, Isoflavone, Flavone, and Flavan-3-ol. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:8908-8918. [PMID: 33842761 PMCID: PMC8028018 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the antioxidant activity of flavonoids is important to investigate their biological activities as well as to design novel molecules with low toxicity and high activity. Aromaticity is a chemical property found in cyclic structures that plays an important role in their stability and reactivity, and its investigation can help us to understand the antioxidant activity of some heterocyclic compounds. In the present study, we applied the density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the properties of seven flavonoid structures with well-reported antioxidant activity: flavan, anthocyanidin, flavanone, flavonol, isoflavone, flavone, and flavan-3-ol. Conformational, structural, magnetic, and electronic analyses were performed using nuclear magnetic resonance, ionization potentials, electron affinity, bond dissociation energy, proton affinity, frontier molecular orbitals (highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO)), and aromaticity through nucleus-independent chemical shifts to analyze these seven flavonoid structures. We revised the influence of hydroxyl groups on the properties of flavonoids and also investigated the influence of the aromaticity of these seven flavonoids on the antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Antônio de Souza
Farias
- Laboratory
of Molecular Modeling, Institute of Educational Sciences, Federal University of Western Pará, 68040-255 Santarém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Kauê Santana da Costa
- Institute
of Biodiversity, Federal University of Western
Pará, 68040-255 Santarém, Pará, Brazil
| | - João B.
L. Martins
- Laboratory
of Computational Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Brasilia, 4478 Brasília, Distrito
Federal, Brazil
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4
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Guzmán-Hernández DS, Palomar-Pardavé M, Sánchez-Pérez F, Juárez-Gómez J, Corona-Avendaño S, Romero-Romo M, Ramírez-Silva MT. Spectro-electrochemical characterization and quantification of Rutin in aqueous media. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117814. [PMID: 31780308 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
From UV-Vis spectrophotometric measurements the acidity constants of Rutin in aqueous media, at 25 °C and 0.1 M ionic strength, were determined as: pK1 = 4.392 ± 0.167, pK2 = 7.130 ± 0.050, pK3 = 8.661 ± 0.042 and pK4 = 12.354 ± 0.020 and the molar absorptivity coefficients of all the Rutin pH-dependent species were reported as a function of wavelength. Furthermore, the electrochemical behavior of Rutin at neutral pH was investigated using a bare carbon paste electrode, CPE. It was found that both: Rutin electrochemical oxidation and reduction are reversible, adsorption-controlled processes, involving 2 electron transfers. Moreover, the bare CPE was used for the electrochemical quantification of Rutin in neutral aqueous media, displaying the following features: (1.078 ± 0.440) μM, (3.594 ± 0.400) μM and (0.308 ± 0.014) μA μM-1 for the detection and quantification limits and sensitivity, respectively, within the 1-11 μM linear range. Meanwhile the spectrophotometric method displayed the following analytical features: (3.385 ± 1.318) μM, (11.283 ± 3.114) μM and (0.0120 ± 0.0001) AU μM-1 for the detection and quantification limits and sensitivity, respectively within the 11-110 μM linear range. In like manner, the bare CPE is also shown as a robust electrochemical sensor that allows Rutin quantification even in the presence of ascorbic acid, commonly found in Rutin samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Guzmán-Hernández
- CONACYT-Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Departamento de Química, Av. San Rafael Atlixco #186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México, CDMX C.P. 09340, Mexico
| | - M Palomar-Pardavé
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco, Departamento de Materiales, Av. San Pablo #180, Col. Reynosa-Tamaulipas, Ciudad de México, CDMX C.P. 02200, Mexico
| | - F Sánchez-Pérez
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Departamento de Química, Av. San Rafael Atlixco #186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México, CDMX C.P. 09340, Mexico
| | - J Juárez-Gómez
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Departamento de Química, Av. San Rafael Atlixco #186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México, CDMX C.P. 09340, Mexico
| | - S Corona-Avendaño
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco, Departamento de Materiales, Av. San Pablo #180, Col. Reynosa-Tamaulipas, Ciudad de México, CDMX C.P. 02200, Mexico
| | - M Romero-Romo
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Azcapotzalco, Departamento de Materiales, Av. San Pablo #180, Col. Reynosa-Tamaulipas, Ciudad de México, CDMX C.P. 02200, Mexico
| | - M T Ramírez-Silva
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Departamento de Química, Av. San Rafael Atlixco #186, Col. Vicentina, Ciudad de México, CDMX C.P. 09340, Mexico.
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Abstract
The phenylethanoids rostkovianoside, 6'-O-acetylcrassifolioside and the flavonoid rutin 3‴-acetate, were isolated from the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Euphrasia rostkoviana Hayne. The structures of these previously undescribed compounds were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data. The acetylation of rutin was also carried out and four ester derivatives were spectroscopically characterized. Finally, a chromatographic method was established to easily identify the acetylated position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele D'Ambrosio
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alexandru Ciocarlan
- Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Aculina Aricu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
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6
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Savic S, Vojinovic K, Milenkovic S, Smelcerovic A, Lamshoeft M, Petronijevic Z. Enzymatic oxidation of rutin by horseradish peroxidase: kinetic mechanism and identification of a dimeric product by LC-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2013; 141:4194-9. [PMID: 23993605 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoid oxidation is important issue in food processing and quality. The kinetic mechanism of enzymatic oxidation of rutin by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was studied. Rutin oxidation reaction was followed by recording of spectral changes over the time at 360 nm. The studied oxidation is mostly enzymatic and less part non-enzymatic. The reaction with HRP has a higher rate compared with the reaction without of HRP, whereby is part of non-enzymatic reaction about 10% of the total reaction. Kinetic parameters were determined from graphics of linear Michaelis-Menten equation, and it was found that investigated reactions of rutin oxidation by HRP take place in a ping-pong kinetic mechanism. High resolution HPLC-MS analysis of the mixture of oxidized products of rutin revealed the presence of rutin dimer. Because of widely distribution of rutin as well as presence of peroxidases and hydrogen peroxide in fresh foods identification of this enzymatic modification product can be beneficial for foods quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Savic
- Faculty of Technology, University of Nis, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, Serbia
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Nguyen TA, Liu B, Zhao J, Thomas DS, Hook JM. An investigation into the supramolecular structure, solubility, stability and antioxidant activity of rutin/cyclodextrin inclusion complex. Food Chem 2012; 136:186-92. [PMID: 23017411 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The formation of supramolecular inclusion complexes between rutin and four cyclodextrins, namely β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), (2-hydroxypropyl)-α-cyclodextrin (HP-α-CD), (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and (2-hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin (HP-γ-CD), and the effects of the complexation on the stability and antioxidant activity of rutin were investigated. Results from phase-solubility studies showed that rutin formed 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complexes with HP-α-CD, β-CD, HP-β-CD and HP-γ-CD; the complexes formed with HP-γ-CD and HP-β-CD had the greatest stability constants, followed by β-CD and HP-α-CD. Thermodynamic studies demonstrate that the inclusion of rutin into HP-β-CD was an exothermic process which occurred spontaneously. Two-dimensional rotating-frame nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (2D ROESY) (1)H NMR analyses show that the A ring of rutin was the part of the molecule that most likely inserted into the cavity of HP-β-CD, thus forming a supramolecular inclusion complex. Formation of such an inclusion complex conferred moderate degrees of protection to rutin from degradation by heat and UV radiation during storage, and significantly enhanced its antioxidant capacity as determined by three different procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien An Nguyen
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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8
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Modes of complexation of rutin with the flavonoid reagent diphenylborinic acid 2-aminoethyl ester. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-011-0545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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