1
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DFT Study of Regio- and Stereoselective 13DC Reaction between Diazopropane and Substituted Chalcone Derivatives: Molecular Docking of Novel Pyrazole Derivatives as Anti-Alzheimer's Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041899. [PMID: 36838888 PMCID: PMC9964806 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a combination of experimental and density functional theory (DFT) investigation of the (3+2) cycloaddition reactions of diazopropane with chalcone derivatives was reported. All calculations were performed using several DFT approaches (B3LYP, M06, M06-2X) and 6-311+G(d, p) basis set. Based on the NMR, MS analyses and IRC calculations, the pyrazole derivatives are the kinetic adducts over the oxadiazoles. The use of two equivalents of diazopropane leads to thermodynamical products. A molecular docking analysis was performed to investigate the efficiency of the obtained products against selected drug targets in anti-Alzheimer ligand-receptor interactions. We revealed that the ligands selected were bound mainly to the catalytic (CAS) and peripheral (PAS) anionic sites of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors, respectively. The selected ligands 1, 3, 4 and P14 may act as the best inhibitors against Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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2
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Overview of 1,5-Selective Click Reaction of Azides with Alkynes or Their Synthetic Equivalents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031400. [PMID: 36771064 PMCID: PMC9919577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the click reaction of azides with alkynes has evolved rapidly and become one of the most efficient methods to synthesize 1,2,3-triazoles, which are an important class of N-containing heterocycles. While the 1,4-selective click reaction of azides with alkynes is well established to synthesize 1,4-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles, the corresponding 1,5-selective click reaction for the generation of 1,5-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles is much less explored, and there is no systematic review for the 1,5-selective click reaction. This timely review summarizes the discovery and development of 1,5-selective click reactions of azides with alkynes for the synthesis of 1,5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles. The 1,5-selective click reactions will be divided into three types according to the critical reactive intermediates: metallacyclic intermediates, acetylide intermediate, and formal 1,5-selective azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The related mechanistic studies will also be involved in this review.
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3
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Dresler E, Wróblewska A, Jasiński R. Understanding the Regioselectivity and the Molecular Mechanism of [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions between Nitrous Oxide and Conjugated Nitroalkenes: A DFT Computational Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238441. [PMID: 36500530 PMCID: PMC9738823 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Regiochemical aspects and the molecular mechanism of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition between nitrous oxide and conjugated nitroalkenes were evaluated on the basis of the wb97xd/6-311 + G(d) (PCM) computational study. It was found that, independently of the nature of the nitroalkene, all considered processes are realized via polar, single-step mechanisms. All attempts at the localization of hypothetical zwitterionic intermediates were unsuccessful. Additionally, the DFT computational study suggested that, in the course of the reaction, the formation of respective Δ2-4-nitro-4-R1-5-R2-1-oxa-2,3-diazolines was preferred from the kinetic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Dresler
- Łukasiewicz Research Network, Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetyków 9, 47-225 Kędzierzyn-Koźle, Poland
| | - Aneta Wróblewska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence:
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4
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Novak I. Photoionization of stable mesoionic compounds. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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D'Auria M, Racioppi R, Viggiani L. Regioselectivity of [3+2] Cycloadditions of Heteroaryl Azides and Ethyl‐Vinyl Ether. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio D'Auria
- Department of Science Università della Basilicata V.le dell'Ateneo Lucano 10 85100 Potenza Italy
| | - Rocco Racioppi
- Department of Science Università della Basilicata V.le dell'Ateneo Lucano 10 85100 Potenza Italy
| | - Licia Viggiani
- Department of Science Università della Basilicata V.le dell'Ateneo Lucano 10 Potenza 85100
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6
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Zhang Y, Long Z, Yan L, Liu L, Yang L, Le Y. Discovery of 4-nitro-3-phenylisoxazole derivatives as potent antibacterial agents derived from the studies of [3 + 2] cycloaddition. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25633-25638. [PMID: 36199305 PMCID: PMC9455768 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysubstituted phenylisoxazoles were designed and synthesized to discover new antibacterial agents via [3 + 2] cycloaddition. Thirty-five compounds with a phenylisoxazole scaffold were characterized by NMR, HRMS, and X-ray techniques. After being evaluated against Xanthomonas oryzae (Xoo), Pseudomonas syringae (Psa), and Xanthomonas axonopodis (Xac), 4-nitro-3-phenylisoxazole derivatives were found to better antibacterial activities. Further studies have shown that the EC50 values of these compounds were much better than that of the positive control, bismerthiazol. Thirty-five compounds with phenylisoxazole scaffold were synthesized via [3+2] cycloaddition. After being evaluated against Xoo, Psa and Xac, 4-nitro-3-phenylisoxazole derivatives were found well antibacterial activities.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhiwu Long
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Longjia Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yi Le
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guiyang 550025, China
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7
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Zouaghi MO, Doggui MY, Arfaoui Y. Regio- and stereoselectivity of the [3+2] cycloaddition of nitrones with methyl-acetophenone: A DFT investigation. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 107:107960. [PMID: 34126545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.107960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A theoretical study of the regio- and stereoselectivities of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions of nitrones with substituted alkene (methyl acetophenone) is investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and carried out at B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level. The reactivity of these cycloadditions is rationalized by FMO model, activation energy calculations, and philicity indexes. The electronic populations have been calculated from natural orbital, which based on charges by using NBO analysis, MK and CHelpG electrostatic population. The four possible pathways, fused and bridged regioisomeric modes, and the two stereoisomeric approaches endo and exo for the cycloaddition reactions are analyzed and discussed. Analysis of TS geometries and bond lengths demonstrate that these reactions follow a one-step mechanism with asynchronous transition states. The activation energy indicated a favored endo approach along the four reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Oussama Zouaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Characterizations, Applications and Modeling of Materials LR18ES08, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Yassine Doggui
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Characterizations, Applications and Modeling of Materials LR18ES08, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia
| | - Youssef Arfaoui
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Characterizations, Applications and Modeling of Materials LR18ES08, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunisia.
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8
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Kącka-Zych A, Jasiński R. Understanding the molecular mechanism of the stereoselective conversion of N-trialkylsilyloxy nitronates into bicyclic isoxazoline derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of N-trialkylsilyloxy nitronates into bicyclic isoxazoline derivatives has been explored using the density functional theory method within the context of molecular electron density theory at the ωB97XD(PCM)/6-311G(d,p) level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kącka-Zych
- Cracow University of Technology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Warszawska 24
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Cracow University of Technology
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology
- Warszawska 24
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
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9
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On the Question of Zwitterionic Intermediates in the [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions: A Critical Review. ORGANICS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/org1010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
New discoveries require a fundamental revision of the view on the mechanism of the 32CAreaction (according to the older nomenclature defined as 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions). The view of the one-step, “concerted” mechanism of such processes developed in the 20-century is very popular today, both in academic literature and among organic chemists who do not specialize in such transformations. Meanwhile, more and more reports bring examples of reactions that clearly cannot be treated as processes without intermediates. However, these examples are documented very differently. In addition to comprehensive studies using many complementary research techniques, there are also reports in which the presence of intermediates in the cycloaddition environment is postulated on the basis of very unreliable premises. This review is an attempt at a critical analysis and systematization of data in the presented area.
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10
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Jasiński R. On the question of the molecular mechanism of N-nitropyrazole rearrangement. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Jasiński R. Selenyl analog of the (Z)-C,N-diphenylnitrone as the TAC in [3 + 2] cycloaddition with nitroethene: A DFT computational study. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1760865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Jasiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland
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12
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Abbiche K, Acharjee N, Salah M, Hilali M, Laknifli A, Komiha N, Marakchi K. Unveiling the mechanism and selectivity of [3+2] cycloaddition reactions of benzonitrile oxide to ethyl trans-cinnamate, ethyl crotonate and trans-2-penten-1-ol through DFT analysis. J Mol Model 2020; 26:279. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Acharjee N. Unravelling the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of bicyclic N,O-nucleoside analogues within the molecular electron density theory perspective. Struct Chem 2020; 31:2147-2160. [PMID: 32837116 PMCID: PMC7315015 DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The [3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of 1-pyrroline-1-oxide with N-vinyl nucleobases leading to bicyclic N,O nucleoside analogues have been studied within the molecular electron density theory (MEDT) at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d,p) computational level. These non-polar zwitterionic type 32CA reactions take place through a one-step mechanism with minimal global electron density transfer (GEDT) at the TSs and the exo/ortho approach mode as the energetically favoured reaction path. The 32CA reactions of N-vinyl nucleobases with thymine and cytosine substituents respectively show the activation enthalpies of 15.2 and 12.5 kcal mol−1 in toluene. The reactions are irreversible due to strong exothermic character of − 35.4–− 26.4 kcal mol−1 in toluene. The bonding evolution theory (BET) study suggests that these 32CA reactions take place through the coupling of pseudoradical centres with earlier C–C bond formation and the formation of new C–C and C–O covalent bonds has not been started in the TSs. Non-covalent interactions (NCI) are predicted at the TSs from the visualization of NCI gradient isosurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Acharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Durgapur Government College, Paschim Bardhaman, Durgapur, West Bengal 713214 India
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14
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Boguszewska-Czubara A, Kula K, Wnorowski A, Biernasiuk A, Popiołek Ł, Miodowski D, Demchuk OM, Jasiński R. Novel functionalized β-nitrostyrenes: Promising candidates for new antibacterial drugs. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:593-601. [PMID: 31061629 PMCID: PMC6488848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A homogenous series of β-EWG functionalyzed β-nitrostyrenes was synthesized and characterized by IR, UV, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra. The obtained compounds were screened in vitro against a panel of the reference strains of bacteria and fungi - five of them exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against all tested reference bacteria and fungi belonging to yeasts. Cytotoxicity of the compounds towards cultured human HepG2 and HaCaT cells was established – five of them displayed similar low pattern of activity in both cells lines.
The process of searching for new antibacterial agents is more and more challenging due to the increasing drug resistance which has become a major concern in the field of infection management. Our study presents a synthesis and characterization by IR, UV, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra of a homogenous series of 1-EWG functionalized 2-aryl-1-nitroethenes which could prove good candidates for the replacement of traditional antibacterial drugs In vitro screening against a panel of the reference strains of bacteria and fungi and their cytotoxicity towards cultured human HepG2 and HaCaT cells was performed. Antimicrobial results indicated that four of the synthesized compounds exhibited a significant antimicrobial activity against all tested reference bacteria and fungi belonging to yeasts with a specific and strong activity towards B. subtilis ATCC 6633. Two of these compounds had no detectable cytotoxicity towards the cultured human cell lines, making them promising candidates for new antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Kula
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Str., 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Artur Wnorowski
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Biernasiuk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Popiołek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dawid Miodowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Str., 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Oleg M Demchuk
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 8 Rydygiera Str., 01-793 Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Chemistry UMCS, 2 M. Curie-Skłodowska Sq., 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska Str., 31-155 Cracow, Poland
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15
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Synthesis of new 4-(1,2,3-triazolo)quinolin-2(1H)-ones via Cu-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-018-2342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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de Andrade Danin Barbosa G, de Aguiar AP, de Carvalho EM, da Rocha Nogueira JM. Synthesis of 3-furanyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole Derivatives via Cycloaddition and their Antibacterial Evaluation. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180627115606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to human health. So this manuscript
describes the synthesis of five different 3,5-disubstituted 4,5-dihydroisoxazoles with antimicrobial
activity.
</P><P>
Methods: They were obtained from nitrile oxide cycloaddition derived from 2-furaldehyde and 5-
nitro-2-furaldehyde to different dipolarophiles (acrylamide, ethyl acrylate and styrene). All heterocycles
were isolated (30-50 %) and characterized by FTIR, MS, 1H and 13C NMR, as they were also
evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
</P><P>
Results and Conclusion: All products showed bioactivity against all bacteria, however, the heterocycle
3-(5-nitro-2-furanyl)-5-carboxylamide-4,5-dihydroisoxazole (6b) presented the lowest value
for the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC - 14 µg/mL).
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17
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Dresler E, Kącka-Zych A, Kwiatkowska M, Jasiński R. Regioselectivity, stereoselectivity, and molecular mechanism of [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between 2-methyl-1-nitroprop-1-ene and (Z)-C-aryl-N-phenylnitrones: a DFT computational study. J Mol Model 2018; 24:329. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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18
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Mlostoń G, Celeda M, Jasiński R, Heimgartner H. Experimental and Computational Studies on Stepwise [3+2]-Cycloadditions of Diaryldiazomethanes with Electron-Deficient Dimethyl (E
)- and (Z
)-2,3-Dicyanobutenedioates. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Mlostoń
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry; University of Łódź; Tamka 12 91-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Małgorzata Celeda
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry; University of Łódź; Tamka 12 91-403 Łódź Poland
| | - Radomir Jasiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology; Cracow University of Technology; Warszawska 24 31-155 Cracow Poland
| | - Heinz Heimgartner
- Department of Chemistry; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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19
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Jasiński R. β-Trifluoromethylated nitroethenes in Diels-Alder reaction with cyclopentadiene: A DFT computational study. J Fluor Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Sarvary A, Khosravi F, Ghanbari M. Synthesis of fused 1,5-disubstituted tetrazoles via a one-pot Knoevenagel condensation/nucleophilic substitution/intramolecular/intermolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-2062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Pakravan P, Siadati SA. The possibility of using C 20 fullerene and graphene as semiconductor segments for detection, and destruction of cyanogen-chloride chemical agent. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 75:80-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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22
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Jasiński R, Kula K, Kącka A, Mirosław B. Unexpected course of reaction between ( E)-2-aryl-1-cyano-1-nitroethenes and diazafluorene: why is there no 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition? MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017; 148:909-915. [PMID: 28458402 PMCID: PMC5387018 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Reactions between (E)-2-aryl-1-cyano-1-nitroethenes and diazafluorene lead to acyclic 2,3-diazabuta-1,3-diene derivatives, instead of the expected pyrazoline systems. DFT calculations suggest that this is a consequence of formation of zwitterionic structure in the first stage of the reaction. It must be noted that this is a specific property of the (E)-2-aryl-1-cyano-1-nitroethenes group, in contrast to most other conjugated nitroalkenes. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Jasiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Karolina Kula
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kącka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Barbara Mirosław
- Department of Crystallography, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Maria Curie-Skłodowska 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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23
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Kącka A, Jasiński R. A dramatic change of kinetic conditions and molecular mechanism of decomposition processes of nitroalkyl carboxylates catalyzed by ethylammonium cations. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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A DFT computational study of the molecular mechanism of [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between nitroethene and benzonitrile N-oxides. J Mol Model 2016; 23:13. [PMID: 28032222 PMCID: PMC5196010 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations were performed to shed light on the molecular mechanism of [3 + 2] cycloadditions of simple conjugated nitroalkenes to benzonitrile N-oxides. In particular, it was found that these processes proceed by a one-step mechanism through asynchronous transition states. According to the latest terminology, they should be considered polar but not stepwise processes.
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25
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Siadati SA. Beyond the Alternatives that Switch the Mechanism of the 1,3-Dipolar CyCloadditions from Concerted to Stepwise or Vice Versa: A Literature Review. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2016. [DOI: 10.3184/146867816x14719552202168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, the concerted or stepwise character of the mechanism of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction has been one of the most debated issues in the field of organic chemistry. The significance of this problem is due to the fact that in a catalyst-free 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, when the mechanism switches from concerted to stepwise, the stereospecificity is lost and thus unwanted stereoisomers may emerge. The first proposals about the mechanism of the 1,3-dipolar reaction were due to Huisgen (concerted model) and subsequently by Firestone (two-step diradical channel) in the 1960s. After a decade of debate, most researchers accepted the concerted model for the reaction, but during these years, researchers reported some examples of the stepwise mechanism for catalyst-free 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. This review attempts to find a number of factors that could influence the reaction channels and switch the mechanism from concerted to stepwise, or vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Amir Siadati
- Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic
Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
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Jasiński R. A reexamination of the molecular mechanism of the Diels–Alder reaction between tetrafluoroethene and cyclopentadiene. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-016-1038-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Siadati SA. The Effect of Position Replacement of Functional Groups on the Stepwise character of 1,3-Dipolar Reaction of a Nitrile Oxide and an Alkene. Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201500165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Amir Siadati
- Department of Chemistry; Qaemshahr Branch; Islamic Azad University; Qaemshahr Iran
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Siadati SA. Effect of Steric Congestion on the Stepwise Character and Synchronicity of a 1,3-Dipolar Reaction of a Nitrile Ylide and an Olefin. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.3184/174751915x14448371200600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been hypothesised that steric congestion could play a key role in directing the 1,3-dipolar reaction mechanism in its shift from a concerted to a stepwise model. An example is given of the influence of steric congestion on the concertedness of a 1,3-dipolar reaction mechanism. Keeping other influences untouched, including the effects of electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups, the nature of the dipole or dipolarophile, solvent, as well as the catalytic effects which have been kept fixed, this study focuses on the steric effect. At least in the case of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile ylide and common olefins, when steric congestion serves as the only influence, it is unable to change the reaction mechanism from concerted into stepwise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Amir Siadati
- Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
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Al-Bogami AS, Mekky AEM. Microwave-assisted Regioselective Synthesis of Novel Bis(azoles) and Bis(azoloazines). J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah S. Al-Bogami
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; University of Jeddah; P.O. Box 80327 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed E. M. Mekky
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; University of Jeddah; P.O. Box 80327 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Giza 12613 Egypt
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On the question of zwitterionic intermediates in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions between hexafluoroacetone and sterically crowded diazocompounds. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kinetic aspects of [3+2] cycloaddition reactions between (E)-3,3,3-trichloro-1-nitroprop-1-ene and ketonitrones. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-015-0882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Emamian S. Understanding the molecular mechanism in a regiospecific [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction including C–O and C–S interactions: an ELF topological analysis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13527c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Regiospecific 32CA reaction of nitrone 10 toward thioketone 11 takes place via a non-concerted one-step mechanism confirmed by ELF analysis.
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Kuz'mina LG, Vedernikov AI, Howard JAK, Alfimov MV, Gromov SP. Features of styryl dye crystal packings and their influence on [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction with single crystal retention. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00653h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Only in two of three crystal modifications the initial dye is subjected to the SC–SC [2 + 2]-photocycloaddtion under visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila G. Kuz'mina
- N. S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Artem I. Vedernikov
- Photochemistry Center
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Judith A. K. Howard
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Durham
- Science Laboratories
- Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Michael V. Alfimov
- Photochemistry Center
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey P. Gromov
- Photochemistry Center
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow 119421, Russian Federation
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Emamian S, Hosseini SJ, Ravani KS. Ionic Diels–Alder reaction of 3-bromofuran toward the highly electron deficient cyclobuteniminium cation: a regio- and stereoselectivity, and molecular mechanism study using DFT. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17778b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The ionic Diels–Alder reaction between 3-bromofuran and cyclobuteniminum cation in the presence of chloroform takes place in a complete regio- and stereoselective manner via a non-concerted two-stage one-step molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeedreza Emamian
- Chemistry Department
- Shahrood Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Shahrood
- Iran
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