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Ganesh BH, Raj AG, Aruchamy B, Nanjan P, Drago C, Ramani P. Pyrrole: A Decisive Scaffold for the Development of Therapeutic Agents and Structure-Activity Relationship. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300447. [PMID: 37926686 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
An overview of pyrroles as distinct scaffolds with therapeutic potential and the significance of pyrrole derivatives for drug development are provided in this article. It lists instances of naturally occurring pyrrole-containing compounds and describes the sources of pyrroles in nature, including plants and microbes. It also explains the many conventional and modern synthetic methods used to produce pyrroles. The key topics are the biological characteristics, pharmacological behavior, and functional alterations displayed by pyrrole derivatives. It also details how pyrroles are used to treat infectious diseases. It describes infectious disorders resistant to standard treatments and discusses the function of compounds containing pyrroles in combating infectious diseases. Furthermore, the review covers the uses of pyrrole derivatives in treating non-infectious diseases and resistance mechanisms in non-infectious illnesses like cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The important discoveries and probable avenues for pyrrole research are finally summarized, along with their significance for medicinal chemists and drug development. A reference from the last two decades is included in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathi Hassan Ganesh
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE-AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Anirudh G Raj
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Baladhandapani Aruchamy
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE-AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Pandurangan Nanjan
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
- Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
| | - Carmelo Drago
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry CNR, via Paolo Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Prasanna Ramani
- Dhanvanthri Laboratory, Department of Sciences, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
- Center of Excellence in Advanced Materials & Green Technologies (CoE-AMGT), Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, 641112, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, India
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Karami Hezarcheshmeh N, Godarzbod F, Hamedanii NF, Vaseghi S. Ag/CdO/Fe 3O 4@MWCNTs Promoted Green Synthesis of Novel Triazinopyrrolothiazepine: Investigation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2162553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Farideh Godarzbod
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samaneh Vaseghi
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Tabarsaei N, Varasteh Moradi A, Sayyed Alangi SZ, Hossaini Z, Zafar Mmehrabian R. Facile Synthesis and Biological Activity Investigation of New Spiropyridoindole Derivatives via Multicomponent Reactions of Acetylisatin. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2144914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navisa Tabarsaei
- Department of Chemistry, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Varasteh Moradi
- Department of Chemistry, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
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Hossaini Z, Mohammadi M, Sheikholeslami-Farahani F. Six-component synthesis and biological activity of novel spiropyridoindolepyrrolidine derivatives: A combined experimental and theoretical investigation. Front Chem 2022; 10:949205. [PMID: 36247666 PMCID: PMC9559721 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.949205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Petasites hybridus rhizome water extract was used as green media for the preparation of Ag/Fe3O4/CdO@multi-walled carbon nanotubes magnetic nanocomposites (Ag/Fe3O4/CdO@MWCNTs MNCs), and its activity was evaluated by using in the one-pot multicomponent reaction of isatins, acetyl chloride, secondary amines, vinilidene Meldrum’s acid, primary amines, and malononitrile in an aqueous medium at room temperature for the generation of spiropyridoindolepyrrolidine as new derivatives with tremendous output. In addition, organic pollutant reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was carried out by generated Ag/Fe3O4/CdO@MWCNTs in water at room temperature. The results displayed that Ag/Fe3O4/CdO@MWCNTs were reduced as pollutants of organic compounds in a short time. The synthesized spiropyridoindolepyrrolidine has an NH2 functional group that has acidic hydrogen and shows high antioxidant ability. Also, the spiropyridoindolepyrrolidine exhibited antimicrobial ability, and the method that is used for this purpose is the disk diffusion method, and two kinds of bacteria, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, were employed for this analysis. Also, to better understand the reaction mechanism density, functional theory-based quantum chemical methods have been applied. For the generation of spiropyridoindolepyrrolidine, the used process has many properties such as reactions with short time, product with good yields, and simple extraction of catalyst from the mixture of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinatossadat Hossaini
- Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
- *Correspondence: Zinatossadat Hossaini,
| | - Marziyeh Mohammadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Rozeh P, Shahvelayati AS, Khalil Moghaddam S. Efficient Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Novel Fused Indenofurane Derivatives Using Fe 3O 4-Magnetic Nanoparticles. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2117209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Rozeh
- Department o f Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Sadat Shahvelayati
- Department o f Chemistry, College of Basic Sciences, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Khalil Moghaddam
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Sciences, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Jangir N, Bagaria SK, Jangid DK. Nanocatalysts: applications for the synthesis of N-containing five-membered heterocycles. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19640-19666. [PMID: 35865567 PMCID: PMC9258735 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03122a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Using transition metals as nanocatalysts has opened up a vast new area in heterocyclic chemistry in the modern day. Heterocyclic moieties are significant scaffolds that have both pharmacological and industrial applications. Various scientific groups have focused their attention on the expansion of simple reaction protocols by introducing better functional group compatibilities under mild reaction conditions through the use of easily available starting materials. This review provides an outline of the applications of metallic nanoparticles as proficient, recyclable, low-cost and green heterogeneous catalysts for the preparation of a wide range of key therapeutic five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds as well as some other significant functionalizations over the rings. This review mainly covers the literature published through the period from 2004 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Jangir
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study), University of Rajasthan JLN Marg Jaipur Rajasthan 302004 India
| | - Surendra Kumar Bagaria
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study), University of Rajasthan JLN Marg Jaipur Rajasthan 302004 India
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. Science College Sikar Rajasthan 332001 India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Jangid
- Department of Chemistry (Centre of Advanced Study), University of Rajasthan JLN Marg Jaipur Rajasthan 302004 India
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Shabir G, Shafique I, Saeed A. Ultrasound Assisted Synthesis of 5‐7 Membered Heterocyclic Rings in Organic Molecules. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Shabir
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- College of Arts and Science University of Chakwal Punjab Pakistan
| | - Imran Shafique
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
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Devi M, Singh R, Sindhu J, Kumar A, Lal S, Kumar R, Hussain K, Sachdeva M, Singh D, Kumar P. Sonochemical Protocols for Heterocyclic Synthesis: A Representative Review. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:14. [PMID: 35149908 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present era of the industrial revolution, we all are familiar with ever-increasing environmental pollution released from various chemical processes. Chemical production has had a severe impact on the environment and human health. For the betterment of our environment, the chemical community has turned their interest to developing green, harmless and sustainable synthetic processes. To accomplish these goals of green chemistry, the extraordinary properties of sonication play an important role. It is well known that sonochemistry can make decisive contributions to creating high pressures of almost 1000 atm and very high temperatures in the range of 4500-5000 °C. The implementation of ultrasound in chemical transformations somehow fulfils the measures of green chemistry, as it reduces energy consumption, enhances product selectivity, and uses lesser amounts of hazardous chemicals and solvents. Furthermore, heterocyclic synthesis under ultrasonication offers several environmental and process-related advantages compared with conventional methods. The remarkable contribution of ultrasonics to the development of green and sustainable synthetic routes inspired us to write this article. Herein, we have discussed only some of the various synthetic methodologies developed for the construction of heterocyclic cores under ultrasonic irradiation, accompanied by mechanistic insights. In some cases, a comparison between sonochemical conditions and conventional conditions has also been investigated. We emphasized principally 'up to date' developments on various sono-accelerated chemical transformations comprising aza-Michael, aldol reactions, C-C couplings, oxidation, cycloadditions, multi-component reactions, etc. for the synthesis of heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, India
| | - Rahul Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, India
| | - Jayant Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, COBS & H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Sohan Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, India
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Mewat Engineering College, Nuh, 122107, India
| | - Megha Sachdeva
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Advanced Study in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Devender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Parvin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, India.
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Feizpour Bonab M, Soleimani-Amiri S, Mirza B. Fe3O4@C@PrS-SO3H: A Novel Efficient Magnetically Recoverable Heterogeneous Catalyst in the Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2032768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Behrooz Mirza
- Department of Chemistry, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod N. Rakendu
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS) Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P.O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
| | - Thaipparambil Aneeja
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P.O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- Institute for Integrated Programmes and Research in Basic Sciences (IIRBS) Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P.O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
- School of Chemical Sciences Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P.O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
- Advanced Molecular Materials Research centre (AMMRC) Mahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P.O Kottayam Kerala 686560 India
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Iqbal S, Rasheed H, Awan RJ, Awan RJ, Mukhtar A, Moloney MG. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Pyrroles. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200528125651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyrroles are the most prevalent heterocyclic compounds, which are present as the basic cores in
many natural products, such as vitamin B12, bile pigments like bilirubin and biliverdin, the porphyrins of
heme, chlorophyll, chlorins, bacteriochlorins, and porphyrinogens. The biological activities of compounds
having pyrrole analogs include antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal), anti-cancer (anti-cytotoxic, antimitotic),
anti-tumor, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-depressant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, antiproliferative,
anti-HIV and anti-viral activities. Accordingly, significant attention has been paid to develop competent
methods for the synthesis of pyrroles with improved yields in short times. This review gives an overview of
different methods for the synthesis of pyrrole using easily available precursors using the following routes.
Synthesis of monosubstituted pyrrole using 2,5-dimethoxyfuran
Synthesis of pyrrole using dialkylacetylene dicarboxylate
Synthesis of pyrroles using β-ketoester
Synthesis of pyrrole using 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds
Synthesis of pyrroles using 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds
Synthesis of pyrroles using 1,3-dicarbonyl, amine, nitro and aldehyde group
Synthesis of pyrroles using 1,4-dicarbonyl compound and amines
Synthesis of pyrrole using enones
Synthesis of pyrroles using moieties having acetylene group
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarosh Iqbal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hina Rasheed
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabiya Javed Awan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ramsha Javed Awan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma Mukhtar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore-54792, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mark G. Moloney
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, The University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Shahvelayati AS. Green synthesis of new thiouracilodepsipeptides in ionic liquid: One‐pot four‐component reaction of isocyanides. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S. Shahvelayati
- Department of Chemistry, Yadegar‐e‐Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahre‐rey BranchIslamic Azad University Tehran Iran
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Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Mol Divers 2019; 24:771-820. [PMID: 31165431 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-09964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Banerjee B. Ultrasound and Nano-Catalysts: An Ideal and Sustainable Combination to Carry out Diverse Organic Transformations. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bubun Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry; Indus International University; V.P.O. Bathu, Distt. Una Himachal Pradesh- 174301 India
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