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Randerath I, Quinete N, Müller JP, Stingl J, Bertram J, Schettgen T, Kraus T, Ziegler P. Partial dechlorination of 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 28) mediated by recombinant human CYP1A2. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:159-163. [PMID: 37917334 PMCID: PMC10761437 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Randerath
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, Florida, 33181, USA
| | - Julian Peter Müller
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of RWTH, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Stingl
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of RWTH, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Bertram
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Yang H, Yu F, Qian Z, Huang T, Peng T, Hu Z. Cytochrome P450 for environmental remediation: catalytic mechanism, engineering strategies and future prospects. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:33. [PMID: 38057619 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a global concern. Various organic compounds are released into the environment through wastewater, waste gas, and waste residue, ultimately accumulating in the environment and the food chain. This poses a significant threat to both human health and ecology. Currently, a growing body of research has demonstrated that microorganisms employ their Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) system for biodegradation, offering a crucial approach for eliminating these pollutants in environmental remediation. CYP450, a ubiquitous catalyst in nature, includes a vast array of family members distributed widely across various organisms, including bacteria, fungi, and mammals. These enzymes participate in the metabolism of diverse organic compounds. Furthermore, the rapid advancements in enzyme and protein engineering have led to increased utilization of engineered CYP450s in environmental remediation, enhancing their efficiency in pollutant removal. This article presents an overview of the current understanding of various members of the CYP450 superfamily involved in transforming organic pollutants and the engineering of biodegrading CYP450s. Additionally, it explores the catalytic mechanisms, current practical applications of CYP450-based systems, their potential applications, and the prospects in bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichen Yang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Qian
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongwang Huang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Research Center of Offshore Environmental Pollution Control Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Nolden M, Paine MJI, Nauen R. Biochemical profiling of functionally expressed CYP6P9 variants of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus with special reference to cytochrome b 5 and its role in pyrethroid and coumarin substrate metabolism. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 182:105051. [PMID: 35249659 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are well studied enzymes catalyzing the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics in insects including mosquitoes. Their duplication and upregulation in agricultural and public health pests such as anopheline mosquitoes often leads to an enhanced metabolism of insecticides which confers resistance. In the laboratory strain Anopheles funestus FUMOZ-R the duplicated P450s CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b are highly upregulated and proven to confer pyrethroid resistance. Microsomal P450 activity is regulated by NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) required for electron transfer, whereas the modulatory role of cytochrome b5 (CYB5) on insect P450 activity is less clear. In previous studies CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b were recombinantly expressed in tandem with An. gambiae CPR using E. coli-expression systems and CYB5 added to the reaction mix to enhance activity. However, the precise role of CYB5 on substrate turn-over when combined with CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b remains poorly investigated, thus one objective of our study was to address this knowledge gap. In contrast to the CYP6P9 variants, the expression levels of both CYB5 and CPR were not upregulated in the pyrethroid resistant FUMOZ-R strain when compared to the susceptible FANG strain, suggesting no immediate regulatory role of these genes in pyrethroid resistance in FUMOZ-R. Here, for the first time we recombinantly expressed CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b from An. funestus in a baculovirus expression system using High-5 insect cells. Co-expression of each enzyme with CPR from either An. gambiae or An. funestus did not reveal noteworthy differences in catalytic capacity. Whereas the co-expression of An. funestus CYB5 - tested at different multiplicity of infection (MOI) ratios - resulted in a significantly higher metabolization of coumarin substrates as measured by fluorescence assays. This was confirmed by Michaelis-Menten kinetics using the most active substrate, 7-benzyloxymethoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (BOMFC). We observed a similar increase in coumarin substrate turnover by adding human CYB5 to the reaction mix. Finally, we compared by UPLC-MS/MS analysis the depletion rate of deltamethrin and the formation of 4'OH-deltamethrin by recombinantly expressed CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b with and without CYB5 and detected no difference in the extent of deltamethrin metabolism. Our results suggest that co-expression (or addition) of CYB5 with CYP6P9 variants, recombinantly expressed in insect cells, can significantly enhance their metabolic capacity to oxidize coumarins, but not deltamethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Nolden
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, D-40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany; Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J I Paine
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, D-40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany.
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Nowrouzi B, Rios-Solis L. Redox metabolism for improving whole-cell P450-catalysed terpenoid biosynthesis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:1213-1237. [PMID: 34749553 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1990210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The growing preference for producing cytochrome P450-mediated natural products in microbial systems stems from the challenging nature of the organic chemistry approaches. The P450 enzymes are redox-dependent proteins, through which they source electrons from reducing cofactors to drive their activities. Widely researched in biochemistry, most of the previous studies have extensively utilised expensive cell-free assays to reveal mechanistic insights into P450 functionalities in presence of commercial redox partners. However, in the context of microbial bioproduction, the synergic activity of P450- reductase proteins in microbial systems have not been largely investigated. This is mainly due to limited knowledge about their mutual interactions in the context of complex systems. Hence, manipulating the redox potential for natural product synthesis in microbial chassis has been limited. As the potential of redox state as crucial regulator of P450 biocatalysis has been greatly underestimated by the scientific community, in this review, we re-emphasize their pivotal role in modulating the in vivo P450 activity through affecting the product profile and yield. Particularly, we discuss the applications of widely used in vivo redox engineering methodologies for natural product synthesis to provide further suggestions for patterning on P450-based terpenoids production in microbial platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Nowrouzi
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Dračínská H, Indra R, Jelínková S, Černá V, Arlt VM, Stiborová M. Benzo[ a]pyrene-Induced Genotoxicity in Rats Is Affected by Co-Exposure to Sudan I by Altering the Expression of Biotransformation Enzymes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158062. [PMID: 34360828 PMCID: PMC8347376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a human carcinogen that reacts with DNA after metabolic activation catalysed by cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1B1 together with microsomal epoxide hydrolase. The azo dye Sudan I is a potent inducer of CYP1A1/2. Here, Wistar rats were either treated with single doses of BaP (150 mg/kg bw) or Sudan I (50 mg/kg bw) alone or with both compounds in combination to explore BaP-derived DNA adduct formation in vivo. Using 32P-postlabelling, DNA adducts generated by BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide were found in livers of rats treated with BaP alone or co-exposed to Sudan I. During co-exposure to Sudan I prior to BaP treatment, BaP-DNA adduct levels increased 2.1-fold in comparison to BaP treatment alone. Similarly, hepatic microsomes isolated from rats exposed to Sudan I prior to BaP treatment were also the most effective in generating DNA adducts in vitro with the activated metabolites BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol or BaP-9-ol as intermediates. DNA adduct formation correlated with changes in the expression and/or enzyme activities of CYP1A1, 1A2 and 1B1 in hepatic microsomes. Thus, BaP genotoxicity in rats in vivo appears to be related to the enhanced expression and/or activity of hepatic CYP1A1/2 and 1B1 caused by exposure of rats to the studied compounds. Our results indicate that the industrially employed azo dye Sudan I potentiates the genotoxicity of the human carcinogen BaP, and exposure to both substances at the same time seems to be hazardous to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Dračínská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-221-951-241
| | - Radek Indra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
| | - Sandra Jelínková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
| | - Věra Černá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
| | | | - Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.I.); (S.J.); (V.Č.)
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Li Y, Cui J, Jia J. The Activation of Procarcinogens by CYP1A1/1B1 and Related Chemo-Preventive Agents: A Review. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:21-54. [PMID: 33023449 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666201006143419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 are extrahepatic P450 family members involved in the metabolism of procarcinogens, such as PAHs, heterocyclic amines and halogen-containing organic compounds. CYP1A1/1B1 also participate in the metabolism of endogenous 17-β-estradiol, producing estradiol hydroquinones, which are the intermediates of carcinogenic semiquinones and quinones. CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 proteins share approximately half amino acid sequence identity but differ in crystal structures. As a result, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 have different substrate specificity to chemical procarcinogens. This review will introduce the general molecular biology knowledge of CYP1A1/1B1 and the metabolic processes of procarcinogens regulated by these two enzymes. Over the last four decades, a variety of natural products and synthetic compounds which interact with CYP1A1/1B1 have been identified as effective chemo-preventive agents against chemical carcinogenesis. These compounds are mainly classified as indirect or direct CYP1A1/1B1 inhibitors based on their distinct mechanisms. Indirect CYP1A1/1B1 inhibitors generally impede the transcription and translation of CYP1A1/1B1 genes or interfere with the translocation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) from the cytosolic domain to the nucleus. On the other hand, direct inhibitors inhibit the catalytic activities of CYP1A1/1B1. Based on the structural features, the indirect inhibitors can be categorized into the following groups: flavonoids, alkaloids and synthetic aromatics, whereas the direct inhibitors can be categorized into flavonoids, coumarins, stilbenes, sulfur containing isothiocyanates and synthetic aromatics. This review will summarize the in vitro and in vivo activities of these chemo-preventive agents, their working mechanisms, and related SARs. This will provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of CYP1 mediated carcinogenesis and will also give great implications for the discovery of novel chemo-preventive agents in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubei Li
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahua Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinping Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Lu Q, Chen K, Long Y, Liang X, He B, Yu L, Ye J. Benzo(a)pyrene degradation by cytochrome P450 hydroxylase and the functional metabolism network of Bacillus thuringiensis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 366:329-337. [PMID: 30530025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between benzo(a)pyrene biodegradation and certain target biomolecules has been investigated. To regulate the degradation process, the associated metabolism network must be clarified. To this end, benzo(a)pyrene degradation, carbon substrate metabolism and exometabolomic mechanism of Bacillus thuringiensis were analyzed. Benzo(a)pyrene was degraded through hydroxylation catalyzed by cytochrome P450 hydroxylase. After the treatment of 0.5 mg L-1 of benzo(a)pyrene by 0.2 g L-1 of cells for 9 d, biosorption and degradation efficiencies were measured at approximately 90% and 80%, respectively. During this process, phospholipid synthesis, glycogen, asparagine, arginine, itaconate and xylose metabolism were significantly downregulated, while glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, citrate cycle, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism were significantly upregulated. These findings offer insight into the biotransformation regulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiying Lu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, 510303, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaiyun Chen
- Child Developmental-Behavioral Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yan Long
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xujun Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Baoyan He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lehuan Yu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, 510303, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinshao Ye
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Santes-Palacios R, Camacho-Carranza R, Espinosa-Aguirre JJ. Bacterial mutagenicity of selected procarcinogens in the presence of recombinant human or rat cytochrome P4501A1. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 835:25-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Reed L, Arlt VM, Phillips DH. The role of cytochrome P450 enzymes in carcinogen activation and detoxication: an in vivo-in vitro paradox. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:851-859. [PMID: 29726902 PMCID: PMC6124610 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chemical carcinogens require metabolic activation via xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in order to exert their genotoxic effects. Evidence from numerous in-vitro studies, utilizing reconstituted systems, microsomal fractions and cultured cells, implicates cytochrome P450 enzymes as being the predominant enzymes responsible for the metabolic activation of many procarcinogens. With the development of targeted gene disruption methodologies, knockout mouse models have been generated that allow investigation of the in-vivo roles of P450 enzymes in the metabolic activation of carcinogens. This review covers studies in which five procarcinogens representing different chemical classes, benzo[a]pyrene, 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, have been administered to different P450 knockout mouse models. Paradoxically, while in-vitro studies using subcellular fractions enriched with P450 enzymes and their cofactors have been widely used to determine the pathways of activation of carcinogens, there is evidence from the in-vivo studies of cases where these same enzyme systems appear to have a more predominant role in carcinogen detoxication rather than activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Reed
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London, UK
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Health Hazards at King’s College London in Partnership with Public Health England, London, UK
| | - David H Phillips
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Health Hazards at King’s College London in Partnership with Public Health England, London, UK
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