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Inducing high exo selectivity in Diels-Alder reaction by dimethylborane substituent: a DFT study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22225. [PMID: 36564456 PMCID: PMC9789069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the role of Lewis acid-base (LAB) interaction on the stereoselectivity of the Diels-Alder (DA) reaction has been studied by DFT in gas and solution (dichloromethane) phases. The calculations were performed at the B3LYP/6-311G++ (d, p) level. Two different series of DA reactions were investigated: (1)-three mono-substituted cyclopentadienes + dimethyl(vinyl)borane; (2)-five α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds + cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yldimethylborane. The reacting diene and dienophile pairs were chosen to restrict LAB interaction to the exo reaction pathway. It was found that in some of the examined cases, the favorable LAB interaction is so strong that it can lead to a completely exo-selective DA reaction. Furthermore, a novel multistep synthetic method was hypothesized for preparing exo cycloadduct with near 100% stereoselectivity. Our results can open up new avenues toward the rational design of exo-selective DA reactions for synthesizing novel bioorganic compounds.
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Sara AA, Um-e-Farwa UEF, Saeed A, Kalesse M. Recent Applications of the Diels–Alder Reaction in the Synthesis of Natural Products (2017–2020). SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1532-4763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Diels–Alder reaction has long been established as an extremely useful procedure in the toolbox of natural product chemists. It tolerates a wide spectrum of building blocks of different complexity and degrees of derivatization, and enables the formation of six-membered rings with well-defined stereochemistry. In recent years, many total syntheses of natural products have been reported that rely, at some point, on the use of a [4+2]-cycloaddition step. Among classic approaches, several modifications of the Diels–Alder reaction, such as hetero-Diels–Alder reactions, dehydro-Diels–Alder reactions and domino-Diels–Alder reactions, have been employed to extend the scope of this process in the synthesis of natural products. Our short review covers applications of the Diels–Alder reaction in natural product syntheses between 2017 and 2020, as well as selected methodologies which are inspired by, or that can be used to access natural products.1 Introduction2 Syntheses from 20173 Syntheses from 20184 Syntheses from 20195 Syntheses from 20206 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aamer Saeed
- Quaid-I-Azam University, Department of Chemistry
| | - Markus Kalesse
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Organische Chemie
- Helmholtz Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (HZI)
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Taherinia D, Mahmoodi MM, Fattahi A. Theoretical investigation of the effect of hydrogen bonding on the stereoselectivity of the Diels–Alder reaction. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01373d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the computational prediction of high exo selectivities in a series of Diels–Alder reactions with H-bonding interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Taherinia
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9516, Iran
| | - M. Mohsen Mahmoodi
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9516, Iran
| | - Alireza Fattahi
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9516, Iran
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Paulsen B, Fredriksen KA, Petersen D, Maes L, Matheeussen A, Naemi AO, Scheie AA, Simm R, Ma R, Wan B, Franzblau S, Gundersen LL. Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of N 6-hydroxyagelasine analogs and revision of the structure of ageloximes. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:620-629. [PMID: 30638761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
(+)-N6-Hydroxyagelasine D, the enantiomer of the proposed structure of (-)-ageloxime D, as well as N6-hydroxyagelasine analogs were synthesized by selective N-7 alkylation of N6-[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyloxy]-9-methyl-9H-purin-6-amine in order to install the terpenoid side chain, followed by fluoride mediated removal of the TBDMS-protecting group. N6-Hydroxyagelasine D and the analog carrying a geranylgeranyl side chain displayed profound antimicrobial activities against several pathogenic bacteria and protozoa and inhibited bacterial biofilm formation. However these compounds were also toxic towards mammalian fibroblast cells (MRC-5). The spectral data of N6-hydroxyagelasine D did not match those reported for ageloxime D before. Hence, a revised structure of ageloxime D was proposed. Basic hydrolysis of agelasine D gave (+)-N-[4-amino-6-(methylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]-N-copalylformamide, a compound with spectral data in full agreement with those reported for (-)-ageloxime D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim Alex Fredriksen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dirk Petersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - An Matheeussen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ali-Oddin Naemi
- Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1052, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Aamdal Scheie
- Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1052, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Roger Simm
- Institute of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1052, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Rui Ma
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Baojie Wan
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lise-Lotte Gundersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway.
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