Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical characterizations of new tetra-substituted metallophthalocyanines bearing 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy groups on non-peripheral positions

Biological properties of novel mono and double-decker hexadeca-substituted metal phthalocyanines

This study reports chemical agents that exhibit efficient antibacterial photodynamic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, biofilm inhibition, and DNA cleavage activities.

Photophysicochemical, sonochemical, and biological properties of novel hexadeca-substituted phthalocyanines bearing fluorinated groups

This study presents the preparation of a novel tetra-substituted phthalonitrile (1), namely, 3,6-bis(hexyloxy)-4,5-bis(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phthalonitrile (1) and its metal-free (2)/metal {M = Zn (3), Cu (4), Co (5), Lu(CH₃COO) (6), Lu (7)} phthalocyanines. A series of various spectroscopic methods (UV-vis, FT-IR, mass, and ¹H NMR spectroscopy) were performed for the characterization of the newly synthesized compounds. The potential of compounds 2, 3, and 6 as photosensitizing materials for photodynamic and sonophotodynamic therapies was evaluated by photophysical, photochemical, and sonochemical methods. The highest singlet quantum yields were obtained for the zinc phthalocyanine derivative 3 by performing photochemical and sonochemical methods. In addition, several biological activities of the new compounds 1-7 were investigated. The newly synthesized phthalocyanines exhibited excellent DPPH scavenging activity and also DNA nuclease activity. The antimicrobial activity of the new compounds was evaluated by the disc diffusion assay. Effective microbial cell viability inhibition was observed with phthalocyanine macromolecules. The photodynamic antimicrobial therapy of the phthalocyanines showed 100% bacterial inhibition when compared to the control. They also exhibited significant biofilm inhibition activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. These results indicate that new phthalocyanines are promising photodynamic antimicrobial therapies for the treatment of infectious diseases.

Photophysicochemical and Biological Properties of New Phthalocyanines Bearing 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy and 2-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethoxy Groups on Peripheral Positions

As thiazoles and fluorinated groups are well known as active species of hybrid pharmaceutical agents, this study aimed to evaluate the synergic effect of these groups on the biological features of phthalocyanines for the first time in the hope of discovering efficient pharmaceutical agents. Therefore, a new phthalonitrile derivative namely 4-(2-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethoxy)-5-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phthalonitrile (1) and its metal-free (2)/metal phthalocyanines (3-5) were prepared and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. Solubility of new phthalocyanines (2-5) was examined in a series of polar and nonpolar solvents. Additionally, sono/photochemical methods were applied to examine the photophysical and sono/photochemical properties of new zinc phthalocyanine to measure its potential as a probable material for sono/photodynamic therapies. The antioxidant activities of compounds (1-5) were evaluated using the DPPH scavenging activity method and the highest radical scavenging activity was obtained 92.13% (200 mg L^-1 ) for manganese phthalocyanine. All the phthalocyanines demonstrated high DNA nuclease activity, as well. The antimicrobial activities of compounds (1-5) were investigated using disk diffusion and microdilution methods. The phthalocyanines exhibited effective microbial cell inhibition activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli). Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy activity was investigated against E. coli by LED irradiation. Compounds (2-5) acted as photosynthesizers. Also, they displayed significant biofilm inhibition activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa).

Investigation of tyrosinase enzyme (from mushroom) inhibitory activities and antioxidant properties of new fluorine-containing phthalocyanines

A series of new peripherally or nonperipherally substituted phthalocyanines bearing 4-(trifluoromethoxy)thiophenyl groups was synthesized. In addition, a new metal-free phthalocyanine bearing 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy on the nonperipheral position was prepared. The resulting phthalocyanines were characterized using some spectroscopic techniques such as ¹ H nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, together with elemental analysis. When the tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activities of the synthesized phthalocyanines were examined, molecules 2b and 3b showed an inhibitory activity against the enzyme with IC₅₀ values of 176.2 ± 0.65 and 284.4 ± 1.03, respectively. The inhibition types of the molecules and standard inhibitor kojic acid were found as competitive for 2b, mixed for 1b and kojic acid, and uncompetitive for 3b. Antioxidant activities were also assessed by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assays, and the molecules showed moderate antioxidant activities.