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Kocas M, Comoglu T, Ozkul A. Development and in vitro antiviral activity of ivermectin liposomes as a potential drug carrier system. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300708. [PMID: 38702288 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess and compare diverse formulations of ivermectin-loaded liposomes, employing lipid film hydration and ethanol injection methods. Three lipids (DOPC, SPC, and DSPC) were used in predetermined molar ratios. A total of 18 formulations were created, and a factorial design determined the optimal formulation based on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. The average mean particle size, PDI and zeta potential of the selected formulations (F1, F2, F7, F9, and F11) was, respectively, 196.40 ± 44.60 nm, 0.39 ± 0.09, and -40.24 ± 9.17. The encapsulation efficiency exceeded 80%, with a mean loading capacity of 4.00 ± 1.70%. In vitro studies included transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, drug release, and antiviral activity assessments against SARS-CoV-2. The liposomal formulations demonstrated superior antiviral activity compared to free ivermectin, as indicated by lower IC50 values. The results of this study emphasize the effectiveness of ivermectin-loaded liposomes in inhibiting viral activity, highlighting their potential as promising candidates for antiviral therapy. The findings suggest that the strategic use of liposomes as drug carriers can significantly modulate and improve the antiviral properties of ivermectin, offering a novel approach to harnessing its full therapeutic potential. Collectively, these results provide a robust foundation for further exploration of ivermectin as a viral protection tool and optimization of its delivery mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Kocas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Selcuk University Faculty of Pharmacy, Konya, Turkey
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tansel Comoglu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut Ozkul
- Department of Virology, Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Fu Z, Ju H, Xu GS, Wu YC, Chen X, Li HJ. Recent development of carrier materials in anthocyanins encapsulation applications: A comprehensive literature review. Food Chem 2024; 439:138104. [PMID: 38043284 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural polyphenols belonging to the flavonoid family that possess a variety of putative health benefits when consumed in a balanced diet. However, applications of anthocyanins in, for example, functional foods are limited due to poor stability, degradation, and low transmembrane efficiency. To maintain bioactivities of anthocyanins and optimize their use, various carrier materials have been developed. Here, we reviewed the uses of the different carrier materials (organic/inorganic, micro/nano) for anthocyanin encapsulation and delivery over the past five years. The performance of different materials and interactions between anthocyanins and these materials are described. Lastly, we give our perspective on the future development trend of anthocyanin encapsulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Fu
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Wei Hai 264200, PR China
| | - Hao Ju
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Wei Hai 264200, PR China
| | - Guang-Sen Xu
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Wei Hai 264200, PR China.
| | - Yan-Chao Wu
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Wei Hai 264200, PR China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Wei Hai 264200, PR China
| | - Hui-Jing Li
- Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Wei Hai 264200, PR China.
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Maringolo Ribeiro C, Augusto Roque-Borda C, Carolina Franzini M, Fernanda Manieri K, Manaia Demarqui F, Leite Campos D, Temperani Amaral Machado R, Cristiane da Silva I, Tavares Luiz M, Delello Di Filippo L, Bento da Silva P, Cristina Oliveira da Rocha M, Nair Báo S, Masci D, Fernandes GFS, Castagnolo D, Chorilli M, Rogério Pavan F. Liposome-siderophore conjugates loaded with moxifloxacin serve as a model for drug delivery against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124050. [PMID: 38537924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that annually affects millions of people, and resistance to available antibiotics has exacerbated this situation. Another notable characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the primary causative agent of TB, is its ability to survive inside macrophages, a key component of the immune system. In our quest for an effective and safe treatment that facilitates the targeted delivery of antibiotics to the site of infection, we have proposed a nanotechnology approach based on an iron chelator. Iron chelators are the primary mechanism by which bacteria acquire iron, a metal essential for their metabolism. Four liposomes were synthesized and characterized using the dynamic light scattering technique (DLS), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All of these methods revealed the presence of spherical particles, approximately 200 nm in size. NTA indicated a concentration of around 1011 particles/mL. We also developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography method for quantifying Moxifloxacin to determine encapsulation efficiency (EE) and release profiles (RF). The EE was 51.31 % for LipMox and 45.76 % for LipIchMox. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the phagocytosis of liposomal vesicles by macrophages. Functionalizing liposomes with iron chelators can offer significant benefits for TB treatment, such as targeted drug delivery to intracellular bacilli through the phagocytosis of liposomal particles by cells like macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Maringolo Ribeiro
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Carolina Franzini
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karyn Fernanda Manieri
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Manaia Demarqui
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Leite Campos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rachel Temperani Amaral Machado
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristiane da Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Tavares Luiz
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Delello Di Filippo
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bento da Silva
- Cell Biology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | - Sônia Nair Báo
- Cell Biology Department, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Domiziana Masci
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, United Kingdom
| | - Guilherme F S Fernandes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH London, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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