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Mursalimov S, Matsumoto M, Urakubo H, Deineko E, Ohno N. Unusual nuclear structures in male meiocytes of wild-type rye as revealed by volume microscopy. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:1159-1174. [PMID: 37490684 PMCID: PMC10809220 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS During the analysis of plant male meiocytes coming from destroyed meiocyte columns (united multicellular structures formed by male meiocytes in each anther locule), a considerable amount of information becomes unavailable. Therefore, in this study intact meiocyte columns were studied by volume microscopy in wild-type rye for the most relevant presentation of 3-D structure of rye meiocytes throughout meiosis. METHODS We used two types of volume light microscopy: confocal laser scanning microscopy and non-confocal bright-field scanning microscopy combined with alcohol and aldehyde fixation, as well as serial block-face scanning electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS Unusual structures, called nuclear protuberances, were detected. At certain meiotic stages, nuclei formed protuberances that crossed the cell wall through intercellular channels and extended into the cytoplasm of neighbouring cells, while all other aspects of cell structure appeared to be normal. This phenomenon of intercellular nuclear migration (INM) was detected in most meiocytes at leptotene/zygotene. No cases of micronucleus formation or appearance of binucleated meiocytes were noticed. There were instances of direct contact between two nuclei during INM. No influence of fixation or of mechanical impact on the induction of INM was detected. CONCLUSIONS Intercellular nuclear migration in rye may be a programmed process (a normal part of rye male meiosis) or a tricky artefact that cannot be avoided in any way no matter which approach to meiocyte imaging is used. In both cases, INM seems to be an obligatory phenomenon that has previously been hidden by limitations of common microscopic techniques and by 2-D perception of plant male meiocytes. Intercellular nuclear migration cannot be ignored in any studies involving manipulations of rye anthers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Mursalimov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Institute of Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)-Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Mami Matsumoto
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Urakubo
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Elena Deineko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0431, Japan
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
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Mudassir Jeelani S, Shahnawaz M, Prakash Gupta A, Lattoo SK. Phytochemical Diversity in Relation to Cytogenetic Variability in Inula racemosa Hook.f., an Endangered Medicinal Plant of Himalayas. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200486. [PMID: 36263992 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inula racemosa, a resourceful critically endangered medicinal herb in the Himalayas is traditionally utilized to cure various human disorders. The species is a wealthy source of sesquiterpene lactones has many pharmacological properties. To quantify and identify the best genetic stocks for a maximum build-up of desired metabolites (isoalantolactone and alantolactone) among existent cytotypes in the species, LC-MS/MS analysis was made. The other comprehensive experiments carried out at present included detailed meiotic examinations of different populations collected from different areas of Kashmir Himalayas. The results presented the occurrence of variable chromosome numbers as n=10 and n=20 in different populations, but the tetraploid cytotype (n=20) is new for the species. The LC-MS/MS investigation revealed significant variability in the content of sesquiterpene lactones in different plant tissues (stem, leaf, and root). An upsurge in the quantity of isoalantolactone and alantolactone was noticed with increasing ploidy levels along the increasing altitudes. Therefore, a habit to accumulate abundant quantities of secondary metabolites and increased adaptability by species/cytotypes thriving at higher altitudes is seen among tetraploid cytotypes during the present investigation. Also, the chromosomal variations seem to enhance the flexibility of polyploid species primarily at upper elevations. Thus, the present study strongly provides quantification of elite cytotypes/chemotypes with optimum concentration of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mudassir Jeelani
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Ajai Prakash Gupta
- Quality Control and Quality Assurance Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Surrinder K Lattoo
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
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Jeelani SM, Singh J, Sharma A, Rather GA, Ali SA, Gupta AP, Singh S, Lattoo SK. In-vitro cytotoxicity in relation to chemotypic diversity in diploid and tetraploid populations of Gentiana kurroo Royle. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 274:113966. [PMID: 33647427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gentiana kurroo is a multipurpose critically endangered medicinal herb prescribed as medicine in Ayurveda in India and exhibits various pharmacological properties including anti-cancer activity. The species is rich repository of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites together with secoiridoidal glycosides. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aimed to investigate the chemical diversity in different populations/cytotypes prevailing in G. kurroo to identify elite genetic stocks in terms of optimum accumulation/biosynthesis of desired metabolites and having higher in-vitro cytotoxicity potential in relation to chemotypic diversity. MATERIAL AND METHODS The wild plants of the species were collected from different ranges of altitudes from the Kashmir Himalayas. For cytological evaluation, the standard meiotic analysis was performed. The standard LC-MS/MS technique was employed for phytochemical analysis based on different marker compounds viz. sweroside, swertiamarin, and gentiopicroside. Different tissues such as root-stock, aerial parts, and flowers were used for chemo-profiling. Further, the methanolic extracts of diploid and tetraploid cytotypes were assessed for cytotoxic activity by using MTT assay against four different human cancer cell lines. RESULTS The quantification of major bioactive compounds based on tissue- and location-specific comparison, as well as in-vitro cytotoxic potential among extant cytotypes, was evaluated. The comprehensive cytomorphological studies of the populations from NW Himalayas revealed the occurrence of different chromosomal races viz. n = 13, 26. The tetraploid cytotype was hitherto unreported. The tissue-specific chemo-profiling revealed relative dominance of different phytoconstituents in root-stock. There was a noticeable increase in the quantity of the analyzed compounds in relation to increasing ploidy status along the increasing altitudes. The MTT assay of methanolic extracts of diploid and tetraploid cytotypes displayed significant cytotoxicity potential in tetraploids. The root-stock extracts of tetraploids were highly active extracts with IC50 value ranges from 5.65 to 8.53 μg/mL against HCT-116 colon cancer. CONCLUSION The chemical evaluation of major bioactive compounds in diverse cytotypes from different plant parts along different altitudes presented an appreciable variability in sweroside, swertiamarin, and gentiopicroside contents. Additionally, the concentrations of these phytoconstituents varied for cytotoxicity potential among different screened cytotypes. This quantitative difference of active bio-constituents was in correspondence with the growth inhibition percentage of different tested cancer cell lines. Thus, the present investigation strongly alludes towards a prognostic approach for the identification of elite cytotypes/chemotypes with significant pharmacological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mudassir Jeelani
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Arti Sharma
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Gulzar A Rather
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Sheikh Abid Ali
- Division of Biotechnology, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Branch Laboratory, Sanat Nagar, Srinagar, 190005, India
| | - Ajai Prakash Gupta
- Quality Control and Quality Assurance Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Shashank Singh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Surrinder K Lattoo
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
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Ascari L, Cristofori V, Macrì F, Botta R, Silvestri C, De Gregorio T, Huerta ES, Di Berardino M, Kaufmann S, Siniscalco C. Hazelnut Pollen Phenotyping Using Label-Free Impedance Flow Cytometry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:615922. [PMID: 33370424 PMCID: PMC7753158 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.615922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Impedance flow cytometry (IFC) is a versatile lab-on-chip technology which enables fast and label-free analysis of pollen grains in various plant species, promising new research possibilities in agriculture and plant breeding. Hazelnut is a monoecious, anemophilous species, exhibiting sporophytic self-incompatibility. Its pollen is dispersed by wind in midwinter when temperatures are still low and relative humidity is usually high. Previous research found that hazelnut can be characterized by high degrees of pollen sterility following a reciprocal chromosome translocation occurring in some cultivated genotypes. In this study, IFC was used for the first time to characterize hazelnut pollen biology. IFC was validated via dye exclusion in microscopy and employed to (i) follow pollen hydration over time to define the best pre-hydration treatment for pollen viability evaluation; (ii) test hazelnut pollen viability and sterility on 33 cultivars grown in a collection field located in central Italy, and two wild hazelnuts. The accessions were also characterized by their amount and distribution of catkins in the tree canopy. Pollen sterility rate greatly varied among hazelnut accessions, with one main group of highly sterile cultivars and a second group, comprising wild genotypes and the remaining cultivars, producing good quality pollen. The results support the hypothesis of recurring reciprocal translocation events in Corylus avellana cultivars, leading to the observed gametic semi-sterility. The measured hazelnut pollen viability was also strongly influenced by pollen hydration (R adj 2 = 0.83, P ≤ 0.0001) and reached its maximum at around 6 h of pre-hydration in humid chambers. Viable and dead pollen were best discriminated at around the same time of pollen pre-hydration, suggesting that high humidity levels are required for hazelnut pollen to maintain its functionality. Altogether, our results detail the value of impedance flow cytometry for high throughput phenotyping of hazelnut pollen. Further research is required to clarify the causes of pollen sterility in hazelnut, to confirm the role of reciprocal chromosome translocations and to investigate its effects on plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ascari
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valerio Cristofori
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Federico Macrì
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Botta
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristian Silvestri
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Consolata Siniscalco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Samatadze TE, Yurkevich OY, Hazieva FM, Konyaeva EA, Morozov AI, Zoshchuk SA, Amosova AV, Muravenko OV. Agro-Morphological, Microanatomical and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of the Medicinal Plant Chelidonium majus L. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9101396. [PMID: 33092308 PMCID: PMC7589513 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chelidonium majus L. is a medicinal plant well-known as a valuable source of isoquinoline alkaloids, which has a variety of pharmacological properties including anti-viral and anti-bacterial effects. However, considerable intraspecific bio-morphological variability in C. majus complicates raw material identification and verification. For the first time, we have brought into cultivation five populations of C. majus subsp. majus originated from different regions, and performed their agro-morphological, microanatomical and molecular cytogenetic characterization. All examined populations produced high seed (18.6–19.9 kg/ha) and raw material (0.84–1.08 t/ha) yields; total alkaloid contents were within 0.30–0.38%. Nevertheless, significant differences in plant morphology and yield-contributing traits were observed. The performed microanatomical analysis of leaves and flowers in double- and normal-flowered plants revealed micro-diagnostic features (including tissue topography, types of stomata, laticifers, structure of leaf mesophyll, hairs, sepals and petals) important for identification of C. majus raw materials. The analysis of chromosome morphology, DAPI-banding patterns, FISH mapping of 45S and 5S rDNA and also chromosome behavior in meiosis allowed us to identify for the first time all chromosomes in karyotypes and confirm relative genotype stability of the studied plants. Our findings indicate that the examined C. majus populations can be used in further breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana E. Samatadze
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov St, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.E.S.); (O.Y.Y.); (S.A.Z.); (O.V.M.)
| | - Olga Y. Yurkevich
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov St, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.E.S.); (O.Y.Y.); (S.A.Z.); (O.V.M.)
| | - Firdaus M. Hazieva
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 7 Green St, 117216 Moscow, Russia; (F.M.H.); (E.A.K.); (A.I.M.)
| | - Elena A. Konyaeva
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 7 Green St, 117216 Moscow, Russia; (F.M.H.); (E.A.K.); (A.I.M.)
| | - Alexander I. Morozov
- All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 7 Green St, 117216 Moscow, Russia; (F.M.H.); (E.A.K.); (A.I.M.)
| | - Svyatoslav A. Zoshchuk
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov St, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.E.S.); (O.Y.Y.); (S.A.Z.); (O.V.M.)
| | - Alexandra V. Amosova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov St, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.E.S.); (O.Y.Y.); (S.A.Z.); (O.V.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Olga V. Muravenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov St, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (T.E.S.); (O.Y.Y.); (S.A.Z.); (O.V.M.)
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Analysis of cytoskeleton in the cells involved in cytomixis: the migrated chromatin displays an MT-organizing activity and can interact with the spindle. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Mursalimov S, Deineko E. Cytomixis in plants: facts and doubts. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:719-731. [PMID: 29192339 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The migration of nuclei between plant cells (cytomixis) is a mysterious cellular phenomenon frequently observable in the male meiosis of higher plants. Cytomixis attracts attention because of unknown cellular mechanisms underlying migration of nuclei and its potential evolutionary significance, since the genetic material is transferred between the cells that form pollen. Although cytomixis was discovered over a century ago, the advance in our understanding of this process has been rather insignificant because of methodological difficulties. The data that allowed for a new insight into this phenomenon were obtained by examining the migrating nuclei with electron and confocal laser microscopy, immunostaining, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. As has been shown, the chromatin migrating between cells is surrounded by an undamaged nuclear membrane. Such chromatin does not undergo heterochromatization and contains normal euchromatin markers. The condensation degree of the migrating chromatin corresponds to the current meiotic stage, and normal structures of synaptonemal complex are present in the migrating part of the nucleus. The cells involved in cytomixis lack any detectable morphological and molecular markers of programmed cell death. It has been shown that individual chromosomes and genomes (in the case of allopolyploids) have no predisposition to the migration between cells, i.e., parts of the nucleus are involved in cytomixis in a random manner. However, the fate of migrating chromatin after it has entered the recipient cell is still vague. A huge amount of indirect data suggests that migrating chromatin is incorporated into the nucleus of the recipient cell; nonetheless, the corresponding direct evidences are still absent. No specific markers of cytomictic chromatin have been yet discovered. Thus, the causes and consequences of cytomixis are still disputable. This review briefs the recent data on the relevant issues, describes the classical and modern methodological approaches to analysis of the intercellular migration of nuclei, and discusses the problems in cytomixis research and its prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Mursalimov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, pr. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090.
| | - Elena Deineko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, pr. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
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Mursalimov S, Zagorskaya A, Deineko E. Evaluation of DNA damage in tobacco male meiocytes involved in cytomixis using comet assay. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:413-417. [PMID: 28702759 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1144-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytomixis is a process of nuclear migration between plant cells. As a rule, it is detectable in male meiocytes and gives rise to the cells with micronuclei. Examination of the integrity and functional state of migrating chromatin is of great interest, since cytomixis is assumed to change the gamete karyotype. We, for the first time, used comet assay to assess the DNA integrity in the chromatin that migrates between plant meiocytes. As was shown, the cells involved in cytomixis are viable and display no signs of DNA damage. Any comet tails are undetectable in both the main nuclei of the cells involved in cytomixis and cytomictic micronuclei. On the other hand, the cytomictic micronuclei after heat shock (positive control) form typical comet tails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Mursalimov
- Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, pr. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090.
| | - Alla Zagorskaya
- Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, pr. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - Elena Deineko
- Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, pr. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
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Jeelani SM, Siddique MAA, Farooq U. Distribution Pattern, Variations of Morphology and Chromosome Numbers of <i>Sium latijugam</i> C. B. Clarke (Apiaceae) from the Kashmir Himalayas. CYTOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.82.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mudassir Jeelani
- Division of Floriculture, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (FMAP), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir
| | - M. A. A. Siddique
- Division of Floriculture, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (FMAP), Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir
| | - Umer Farooq
- Department of Botany, Govt. Degree College Shopian
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Sidorchuk YV, Novikovskaya AA, Deineko EV. Cytomixis in the cereal (Gramineae) microsporogenesis. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:291-8. [PMID: 25860793 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The specific features in behavior of the nuclei and chromatin migrating through cytomictic channels as well as in formation of micronuclei in the cereal microsporogenesis have been studied. Immunofluorescence microscopy has allowed for demonstration that the tubulin cytoskeleton does not play a significant role in the intercellular migration of nuclei. Potential involvement of the actin cytoskeleton and SUN-KASH linker complexes in cytomixis is discussed. Comparative analysis of the published and own data suggests that the cytological patterns of cytomixis in monocots and dicots are conserved. As has been shown, each higher ploidy level in the polyploid series of the family Gramineae is accompanied by an increase in the rate of cytomixis independently of individual species. The results confirm the assumption on a correlation between the rate of cytomixis, ploidy level, and genome balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri V Sidorchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akad. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Anna A Novikovskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akad. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Elena V Deineko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akad. Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Tabin S, Kaur K, Singh V, Kamili AN, Gupta RC. Meiotic and Ethnobotanical Studies on <i>Rheum</i> Species from Kashmir Himalaya. CYTOLOGIA 2016. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.81.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rani S, Sharma TR, Kapila R, Chahota RK. Identification of new cytotypes of Valeriana jatamansi Jones, 1970 (Valerianaceae) from North-Western Himalayan region of India. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2015; 9:499-512. [PMID: 26753070 PMCID: PMC4698566 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v9i4.8875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Valeriana jatamansi, a medicinally important species of the family Valerianaceae, has been cytologically studied in different geographical areas of North-Western Himalayan region of India. The tetraploid cytotype with chromosome numbers 2n=32 is in conformity with the earlier reports of the species from different parts of the world. An octoploid cytotype (2n=64) makes a new addition for the species on a worldwide basis, whereas the diploid cytotype (2n=16) is new to India have been reported for the first time in India. These cytotypes (2n=16, 32, 64) show significant variations with respect to morphology as well as geographical distribution in the Western Indian Himalayas. Further, anomalous populations have been marked with meiotic abnormalities in the form of cytomixis, chromosomal stickiness, unoriented bivalents, formation of laggards and bridges resulting in abnormal microsporogenesis, and production of heterogeneous-sized fertile pollen grains along with reduced pollen fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Rani
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK HPKV Palampur (HP) 176 062 India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK HPKV Palampur (HP) 176 062 India
| | - Rakesh Kapila
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK HPKV Palampur (HP) 176 062 India
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Rani S, Jeelani SM, Kumari S, Gupta RC, Chahota RK. Cytomorphology, Geographical Distribution and Ethnobotany of Genus <i>Oxalis</i> Linn. from Western Himalaya (India). CYTOLOGIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1508/cytologia.80.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Savita Rani
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University
| | - Syed M. Jeelani
- Division of Floriculture, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, SK University of Agriculture Sciences and Technology of Kashmir
| | | | | | - Rakesh K. Chahota
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University
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Gupta RC, Goyal H, Singh V, Goel RK. Meiotic studies in some species of tribe Cichorieae (Asteraceae) from Western Himalayas. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:673456. [PMID: 25489603 PMCID: PMC4247967 DOI: 10.1155/2014/673456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper deals with meiotic studies in 15 species belonging to 6 genera of the tribe Cichorieae from various localities of Western Himalayas. The chromosome number has been reported for the first time in Hieracium crocatum (2n = 10) and Lactuca lessertiana (2n = 2x = 16). Further, intraspecific variability has been reported for the first time in H. umbellatum (2n = 2x = 10 and 2n = 6x = 54), Tragopogon dubius (2n = 2x = 14 and 2n = 4x = 28), and T. gracilis (2n = 2x = 14). The chromosome report of 2n = 2x = 10 in Youngia tenuifolia is made for the first time in India. Maximum numbers of the populations show laggards, chromosome stickiness, and cytomixis from early prophase to telophase-II, leading to the formation of aneuploid cells or meiocytes with double chromosome number. Such meiotic abnormalities produce unreduced pollen grains and the reduced pollen viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henna Goyal
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Vijay Singh
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
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Kumar P, Rana PK, Singhal VK, Gupta RC. Chromosome numbers, characterization of chromosomal pairing during meiosis, origin and natural propagation in polyploid cytotypes (4x, 5x and 6x) of Agrimonia eupatoria L. (Rosaceae) in northwest Himalayas (India). PROTOPLASMA 2014; 251:781-795. [PMID: 24318674 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the presence of intraspecific polyploidy (2x, 4x, 5x and 6x) in Agrimonia eupatoria, origin of these cytotypes has never been addressed adequately. The aim of the present study was to record the original chromosome counts and characterize chromosomal pairing during meiosis and microsporogenesis in the 5x cytotype, and discussing the hypothesis regarding the possible origin of polyploid cytotypes (4x, 5x and 6x) in the species. The geographical distribution pattern of cytotypes in the Indian Himalayas and elsewhere has also been analyzed. The present meiotic analysis revealed three chromosomes counts, the tetraploid (2n = 4x = 56), the pentaploid (2n = 5x = 70) and the hexaploid (2n = 6x = 84) cytotypes based on x = 14. Meiotic course was perfectly normal in the 4x and 6x cytotypes resulting into high pollen fertility (94-100 %). Meiotic course in the imbalanced 5x cytotype has been found to be irregular characterized by the presence of high frequency of univalents at diakinesis and metaphase-I. Abnormal meiotic course contributed towards high pollen sterility (74-88 %). Even the apparently fertile/stained pollen grains were of irregular shape and of heterogeneous sizes. Meiotic behaviour of the 5x cytotype is like typical of allopolyploid. Individuals of 5x cytotype did not produce seeds and propagate vegetatively (root suckers) while 4x and 6x cytotypes exploited sexual (seeds) as well as vegetative means for propagation. Chromosomal pairing in pentaploid cytotype is like typical of an allopolyploid and we assume that it might have originated owing to natural inter-cytotype hybridization between 4x and 6x cytotypes in a mixed population. Analysis of geographical distribution pattern of cytotypes shows that Indian Himalayas represent the most cytotype-diverse region for A. eupatoria with the existence of all the four cytotypes (2x, 4x, 5x, 6x). This shows the dynamic nature of the species at chromosomal level in this part of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kumar
- Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002, Punjab, India,
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Xie H, Ash JE, Linde CC, Cunningham S, Nicotra A. Himalayan-Tibetan plateau uplift drives divergence of polyploid poppies: Meconopsis Viguier (Papaveraceae). PLoS One 2014; 9:e99177. [PMID: 24933008 PMCID: PMC4059618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meconopsis Viguier (Papaveraceae) is an iconic genus of alpine forbs that includes medicinal and ornamental species. This study extends previous phylogenetic analyses of Meconopsis, using ITS sequences representing all the major Meconopsis clades. Phenotypic traits are also analysed for all described species. Our results show that Meconopsis evolved as a ≥ octaploid clade, with considerable interior structure reflecting further changes in ploidy levels as well as phenotypic differentiation. We support the exclusion of a few species as Cathcartia or Papaver, making Meconopsis a Tibetan region clade. Based on average rates of nucleotide substitution in angiosperm herbs we estimate that the Meconopsis clade diverged from the Meconella clade of Papaver approximately 16.6 Ma. This is soon after the 'hard' collision of the Indian continent with Asia caused uplift of the Himalaya and Hengduan ranges, greatly extended the Tibetan plateau, and initiated monsoonal climates. Eight major clades within Meconopsis are well supported and these correspond closely to previously recognised subgenus groups. However, the relationship among the clades is poorly resolved, probably because they diverged rapidly ∼15-11 Ma. Two of these clades are ∼dodecaploid but appear to have originated independently. The eight clades have distinct distributions, variously associated with the Himalaya, the eastern Plateau and Hengduan ranges. Some Meconopsis species were not monophyletic, suggesting that a combination of multilocus molecular and phenotypic traits is required when defining and revising species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Xie
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Julian E. Ash
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Celeste C. Linde
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Saul Cunningham
- Ecosystem Sciences, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Adrienne Nicotra
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Mandal A, Datta AK, Gupta S, Paul R, Saha A, Ghosh BK, Bhattacharya A, Iqbal M. Cytomixis--a unique phenomenon in animal and plant. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:985-996. [PMID: 23475075 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytomixis is reported to be a uniform phenomenon in the context of fertilization during spermatogenesis of animals and in some lower groups of plants where oogamous reproduction prevails. However, the phenomenon is versatile in flowering taxa as it lacks uniformity in occurrences, causes, formation of intercellular bridges, involvement of number of cells in a cluster, evolutionary significance among others. A review on cytomixis is conducted with an objective that it may offer a scope to unravel some of the ambiguities associated with it and provide further information on cell, reproductive, structural and evolutionary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aninda Mandal
- Department of Botany, Cytogenetics, Genetics and Plant Breeding Section, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
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