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Thakur V, Sharma P, Kumar P, Sharma A, Mamta, Hashem A, Fathi Abd_Allah E, Sharma S. Rootstock scion interaction studies on various horticultural attributes of pomato grafts under protected structures. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30930. [PMID: 38779007 PMCID: PMC11109804 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pomato is a horticultural wonder plant, as tomato and potato can be produced from a single plant. This experiment explored the influence of diverse graft combinations of tomato scions grafted onto potato rootstocks on various growth and yield-attributing traits. The investigation outcomes confirmed the significantly positive influence of scion grafted onto rootstock on various yielding attributes of tomato and potato harvested from pomato grafts. Scion "Rakshita" grafted onto the rootstock of Kufri Himalini had the maximum fruit length. In contrast, the fruits harvested from the graft combination of Avtar grafted onto Kufri Khyati had the maximum number of fruits per cluster and the number of fruits per plant. The highest average fruit weight, fruit yield per meter square, and total fruit yield quintal per hectare were recorded with control "Avtar. The longest harvest duration was noticed with the graft combination of Heemsohna grafted onto Kufri Himalini. Moreover, on, rootstock Kufri Himalini with scion Rakshita resulted in maximum tuber length, and average tuber weight, while Kufri Himalini with Avtar had maximum fruit width. The maximum number of tubers per plant was also noticed with Kufri Pukhraj with Palam Tomato hybrid -1. The potato harvested from the rootstock of Kufri Pukhraj with Avtar had the highest tuber yield per plant, total tuber yield quintal per hectare, and tuber equivalent yield. The highest survival percentage of grafted plants was noted in Heemsohna onto Kufri Jyoti. In context to the cumulative yield of tomato fruits and potato tubers obtained from the pomato graft was found to be incremented in grafts of Avtar grafted onto Kufri Pukhraj followed by Rakshita grafted onto Kufri Rakshita, which also resulted in the maximum benefit-cost ratio with highest net return and gross return. The graft combination of scion Avtar and Rakshita onto Rootstock Kufri Pukhraj resulted in a positive increment in yield attributing traits of the pomato plant than of control of un-grafted tomato and potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Thakur
- Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur, HP, 176062, India
- School of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Parveen Sharma
- Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur, HP, 176062, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharmshala, 176215, India
| | - Akhilesh Sharma
- Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, CSK HPKV, Palampur, HP, 176062, India
| | - Mamta
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173229, India
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sunny Sharma
- School of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
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Renau-Morata B, Jiménez-Benavente E, Gil-Villar D, Cebolla-Cornejo J, Romero-Hernández G, Carrillo L, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Medina J, Molina RV, Nebauer SG. Arabidopsis CDF3 transcription factor increases carbon and nitrogen assimilation and yield in trans-grafted tomato plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108607. [PMID: 38593486 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Grafting in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) has mainly been used to prevent damage by soil-borne pathogens and the negative effects of abiotic stresses, although productivity and fruit quality can also be enhanced using high vigor rootstocks. In the context of a low nutrients input agriculture, the grafting of elite cultivars onto rootstocks displaying higher Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) supports a direct strategy for yield maximization. In this study we assessed the use of plants overexpressing the Arabidopsis (AtCDF3) or tomato (SlCDF3) CDF3 genes, previously reported to increase NUE in tomato, as rootstocks to improve yield in the grafted scion under low N inputs. We found that the AtCDF3 gene induced greater production of sugars and amino acids, which allowed for greater biomass and fruit yield under both sufficient and limiting N supplies. Conversely, no positive impact was found with the SlCDF3 gene. Hormone analyses suggest that gibberellins (GA4), auxin and cytokinins (tZ) might be involved in the AtCDF3 responses to N. The differential responses triggered by the two genes could be related, at least in part, to the mobility of the AtCDF3 transcript through the phloem to the shoot. Consistently, a higher expression of the target genes of the transcription factor, such as glutamine synthase 2 (SlGS2) and GA oxidase 3 (SlGA3ox), involved in amino acid and gibberellin biosynthesis, respectively, was observed in the leaves of this graft combination. Altogether, our results provided further insights into the mode of action of CDF3 genes and their biotechnology potential for transgrafting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Jiménez-Benavente
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), València, Spain
| | - Daniel Gil-Villar
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), València, Spain
| | - Jaime Cebolla-Cornejo
- Joint Research Unit UJI-UPV Improvement of Agri-Food Quality, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Laura Carrillo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), CSIC/UPM-INIA, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Medina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), CSIC/UPM-INIA, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa Victoria Molina
- Joint Research Unit UJI-UPV Improvement of Agri-Food Quality, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Sergio González Nebauer
- Joint Research Unit UJI-UPV Improvement of Agri-Food Quality, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
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Feng Y, Zhao Y, Li G, Shi H. Reducing nitrate and tobacco-specific nitrosamine level in burley tobacco leaves through grafting on flue-cured tobacco rootstock. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e536. [PMID: 37841064 PMCID: PMC10568975 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitrosation of pyridine alkaloids in tobacco generates tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), which are notable toxicants in tobacco products and smoke. Burley tobacco, a chloroplast- and nitrogen (N)-deficient phenotype that accumulates high levels of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) in its leaves, is particularly susceptible to TSNAs formation. In this study, reciprocal pot and field grafting experiments were conducted using burley tobacco Eyan No.1 and flue-cured tobacco K326 to investigate whether grafting burley tobacco scions on flue-cured tobacco rootstocks could enhance pigment biosynthesis and photosynthesis, while reducing the NO3-N level in burley tobacco leaves. Grafting burley tobacco scions on flue-cured tobacco rootstocks significantly increased the total pigment content, photosynthetic rate, biomass, nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities, as well as ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), total soluble and reducing sugar, and soluble protein levels in burley tobacco leaves compared with burley tobacco self-rooting, while decreasing the NO3-N level and nitrate-N to total N ratio. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that grafting resulted in upregulated expression of genes involved in starch, sucrose, porphyrin, chlorophyll, and N metabolism, as well as carbon fixation and carotenoid biosynthesis. The findings suggest that grafting on high N use efficiency rootstock is an exceptionally promising means of decreasing NO3-N accumulation by improving photosynthesis and N metabolism in the scion, thereby reducing the levels of harmful TSNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Feng
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center of China TobaccoHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center of China TobaccoHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Geng Li
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center of China TobaccoHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hongzhi Shi
- National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Tobacco Harm Reduction Research Center of China TobaccoHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
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Nie W, Wen D. Study on the Applications and Regulatory Mechanisms of Grafting on Vegetables. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2822. [PMID: 37570976 PMCID: PMC10420990 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Grafting can overcome problems with soil sensitivity, enhance plant stress tolerance, improve product quality, and increase crop yield and value. This paper reviews the various mechanisms of vegetable grafting, the graft survival process and its influencing factors, the practical applications of grafting, and the molecular regulation of grafting in vegetables. The importance of germplasm and rootstock interactions, the mechanization of vegetable grafting, and future aspects, including intelligence and digitalization, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Nie
- Huang-Huai-Hai Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Shandong Branch of National Improvement Center for Vegetables, Institute of Vegetable Research, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
- Yantai Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Silkworm Functional Substances, Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, China
| | - Dan Wen
- Huang-Huai-Hai Region Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Vegetables, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Shandong Branch of National Improvement Center for Vegetables, Institute of Vegetable Research, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
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Guo S, Mu L, Sun S, Hou X, Yao M, Hu X. Concurrence of microplastics and heat waves reduces rice yields and disturbs the agroecosystem nitrogen cycle. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131340. [PMID: 37027913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastic pollution and heat waves, as damaging aspects of human activities, have been found to affect crop production and nitrogen (N) cycling in agroecosystems. However, the impacts of the combination of heat waves and microplastics on crop production and quality have not been analyzed. We found that heat waves or microplastics alone had slight effects on rice physiological parameters and soil microbial communities. However, under heat wave conditions, the typical low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polylactic acid (PLA) microplastics decreased the rice yields by 32.1% and 32.9%, decreased the grain protein level by 4.5% and 2.8%, and decreased the lysine level by 91.1% and 63.6%, respectively. In the presence of heat waves, microplastics increased the allocation and assimilation of N in roots and stems but decreased those in leaves, which resulted in a reduction in photosynthesis. In soil, the concurrence of microplastics and heat waves induced the leaching of microplastics, which resulted in decreased microbial N functionality and disturbed N metabolism. In summary, heat waves amplified the disturbance induced by microplastics on the agroecosystem N cycle and therefore exacerbated the decreases in rice yield and nutrients induced by microplastics, which indicates that the environmental and food risks of microplastics deserve to be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 300191 Tianjin, China
| | - Li Mu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-Product Quality Safety (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Safe-Product, Institute of Agro-Environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 300191 Tianjin, China.
| | - Shan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mingqi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiangang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education)/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Wang L, Wu B, Chen G, Chen H, Peng Y, Sohail H, Geng S, Luo G, Xu D, Ouyang B, Bie Z. The essential role of jasmonate signaling in Solanum habrochaites rootstock-mediated cold tolerance in tomato grafts. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 10:uhac227. [PMID: 36643752 PMCID: PMC9832872 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is among the most important vegetables across the world, but cold stress usually affects its yield and quality. The wild tomato species Solanum habrochaites is commonly utilized as rootstock for enhancing resistance against abiotic stresses in cultivated tomato, especially cold resistance. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this research, we confirmed that S. habrochaites rootstock can improve the cold tolerance of cultivated tomato scions, as revealed by growth, physiological, and biochemical indicators. Furthermore, transcriptome profiling indicated significant differences in the scion of homo- and heterografted seedlings, including substantial changes in jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and signaling, which were validated by RT-qPCR analysis. S. habrochaites plants had a high basal level of jasmonate, and cold stress caused a greater amount of active JA-isoleucine in S. habrochaites heterografts. Moreover, exogenous JA enhanced while JA inhibitor decreased the cold tolerance of tomato grafts. The JA biosynthesis-defective mutant spr8 also showed increased sensitivity to cold stress. All of these results demonstrated the significance of JA in the cold tolerance of grafted tomato seedlings with S. habrochaites rootstock, suggesting a future direction for the characterization of the natural variation involved in S. habrochaites rootstock-mediated cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Guoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yuquan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Hamza Sohail
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shouyu Geng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Guangbao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
| | - Dandi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R. China
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Mousavi SS, Karami A, Saharkhiz MJ, Etemadi M, Zarshenas MM. Evaluation of metabolites in Iranian Licorice accessions under salinity stress and Azotobacter sp. inoculation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15837. [PMID: 36151202 PMCID: PMC9508240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) is an industrial medicinal plant that is potentially threatened by extinction. In this study, the effects of salinity (0 and 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)) and Azotobacter inoculation were evaluated on 16 licorice accessions. The results showed that salinity significantly reduced the fresh and dry biomass (FW and DW, respectively) of roots, compared to plants of the control group (a decrease of 15.92% and 17.26%, respectively). As a result of bacterial inoculation, the total sugar content of roots increased by 21.56% when salinity was applied, but increased by 14.01% without salinity. Salinity stress increased the content of glycyrrhizic acid (GA), phenols, and flavonoids in licorice roots by 104.6%, 117.2%, and 56.3%, respectively. Integrated bacterial inoculation and salt stress significantly increased the GA content in the accessions. Bajgah and Sepidan accessions had the highest GA contents (96.26 and 83.17 mg/g DW, respectively), while Eghlid accession had the lowest (41.98 mg/g DW). With the bacterial application, the maximum amounts of glabridin were obtained in Kashmar and Kermanshah accessions (2.04 and 1.98 mg/g DW, respectively). Bajgah and Kashmar accessions had higher amounts of rutin in their aerial parts (6.11 and 9.48 mg/g DW, respectively) when their roots were uninoculated. In conclusion, these results can assist in selecting promising licorice accessions for cultivation in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Sasan Mousavi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-13131, Iran
| | - Akbar Karami
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-13131, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Jamal Saharkhiz
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-13131, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Etemadi
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71441-13131, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Zarshenas
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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