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Lv X, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Zhang X. Development and anatomy of petals with specialized nectar holder and pollen container in Fumarioideae (Papaveraceae). PLANTA 2024; 260:21. [PMID: 38847829 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Petal developmental characteristics in Fumarioideae were similar at early stages, and the specialized nectar holder/pollen container formed by the outer/inner petals. The micro-morphology of these two structures, however, shows diversity in seven species. Elaborate petals have been modified to form different types, including petal lobes, ridges, protuberances, and spurs, each with specialized functions. Nectar holder and pollen container presumably have a function in plant-pollinator interactions. In Fumarioideae, four elaborate petals of the disymmetric/zygomorphic flower present architecture forming the "nectar holder" and "pollen container" structure at the bottom and top separately. In the present study, the petals of seven species in Fumarioideae were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, light microscope, and transmission electron microscopes. The results show that petal development could divided into six stages: initiation, enlargement, adaxial/abaxial differentiation, elaborate specializations (sacs, spurs, and lobes formed), extension, and maturation, while the specialized "nectar holder" and "pollen container" structures mainly formed in stage 4. "Nectar holder" is developed from the shallow sac/spur differentiated at the base of the outer petal, eventually forming a multi-organized complex structure, together with staminal nectaries (1-2) with individual sizes. A semi-closed ellipsoidal "pollen container" is developed from the apical part of the 3-lobed inner petals fused by middle lobes and attain different sizes. The adaxial epidermis cells are specialized, with more distinct punctate/dense columnar protrusions or wavy cuticles presented on obviously thickening cell walls. In addition, a large and well-developed cavity appears between the inner and outer epidermis of the petals. As an exception, Hypecoum erectum middle lobes present stamen mimicry. Elaborate petal structure is crucial for comprehending the petal diversity in Fumarioideae and provides more evidence for further exploration of the reproductive study in Papaveraceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqian Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaxi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojia Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqu Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Xianyang, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, Shaanxi, China.
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Mitrenina EY, Alekseeva SS, Badaeva ED, Peruzzi L, Artemov GN, Krivenko DA, Pinzani L, Aytaç Z, Çeçen Ö, Baasanmunkh S, Choi HJ, Mesterházy A, Tashev AN, Bancheva S, Lian L, Xiang K, Wang W, Erst AS. Karyotypes and Physical Mapping of Ribosomal DNA with Oligo-Probes in Eranthis sect. Eranthis (Ranunculaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:47. [PMID: 38202355 PMCID: PMC10780877 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A comparative karyotype analysis of four species of yellow-flowered Eranthis sect. Eranthis, i.e., E. bulgarica, E. cilicica, E. hyemalis, and E. longistipitata from different areas, has been carried out for the first time. All the studied specimens had somatic chromosome number 2n = 16 with basic chromosome number x = 8. Karyotypes of the investigated plants included five pairs of metacentric chromosomes and three pairs of submetacentric/subtelocentric chromosomes. The chromosome sets of the investigated species differ mainly in the ratio of submetacentric/subtelocentric chromosomes, their relative lengths, and arm ratios. A new oligonucleotide probe was developed and tested to detect 45S rDNA clusters. Using this probe and an oligonucleotide probe to 5S rDNA, 45S and 5S rDNA clusters were localized for the first time on chromosomes of E. cilicica, E. hyemalis, and E. longistipitata. Major 45S rDNA clusters were identified on satellite chromosomes in all the species; in E. cilicica, minor clusters were also identified in the terminal regions of one metacentric chromosome pair. The number and distribution of 5S rDNA clusters is more specific. In E. cilicica, two major clusters were identified in the pericentromeric region of a pair of metacentric chromosomes. Two major clusters in the pericentromeric region of a pair of submetacentric chromosomes and two major clusters in the interstitial region of a pair of metacentric chromosomes were observed in E. longistipitata. E. hyemalis has many clusters of different sizes, localized mainly in the pericentromeric regions. Summarizing new data on the karyotype structure of E. sect. Eranthis and previously obtained data on E. sect. Shibateranthis allowed conclusions to be formed about the clear interspecific karyological differences of the genus Eranthis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Yu. Mitrenina
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (E.Y.M.); (S.S.A.); (G.N.A.)
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
| | - Svetlana S. Alekseeva
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (E.Y.M.); (S.S.A.); (G.N.A.)
| | - Ekaterina D. Badaeva
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119333 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Lorenzo Peruzzi
- PLANTSEED Lab, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Gleb N. Artemov
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Biological Institute, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia; (E.Y.M.); (S.S.A.); (G.N.A.)
| | - Denis A. Krivenko
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Lorenzo Pinzani
- PLANTSEED Lab, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Zeki Aytaç
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey;
| | - Ömer Çeçen
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman 70100, Turkey;
| | - Shukherdorj Baasanmunkh
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea; (S.B.); (H.J.C.)
| | - Hyeok Jae Choi
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea; (S.B.); (H.J.C.)
| | | | | | - Svetlana Bancheva
- Botanical Garden, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1616 Sofia, Bulgaria;
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, G. Bonchev, Bl.23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lian Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (L.L.); (K.X.); (W.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kunli Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (L.L.); (K.X.); (W.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (L.L.); (K.X.); (W.W.)
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Andrey S. Erst
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
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Erst AS, Petrova NV, Kaidash OA, Wang W, Kostikova VA. The Genus Eranthis: Prospects of Research on Its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Biotechnology. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3795. [PMID: 38005692 PMCID: PMC10675112 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes information about the chemical composition and beneficial properties of species of the genus Eranthis Salisb. from the world's flora. To date, seven out of ~14 species found in Asia and parts of Europe have been studied to various degrees. Here, data are presented on the diversity of sets of chromones, furochromones, triterpene saponins, coumarins, and other classes of secondary metabolites of Eranthis species according to the literature. For new compounds-isolated from Eranthis for the first time-structural formulas are also provided. Among the new compounds, chromones and coumarins predominate, as do triterpene saponins of the olean and cycloartane series and lectin. The results of pharmacological studies are presented showing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and other types of biological activities found in extracts, in their fractions, and in individual compounds of the aboveground and underground organs and parts of Eranthis species. Despite the limited geographic range of Eranthis plants, it is possible to search for active substances, develop methods for biological and chemical synthesis of the isolated substances, and create a finished therapeutic substance based on them. In addition, it is feasible to obtain the desired standardized pure materials from Eranthis species grown in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S. Erst
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (CSBG SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
| | - Natalia V. Petrova
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (BIN RAS), St. Petersburg 197022, Russia;
| | - Olga A. Kaidash
- Central Research Laboratory, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Vera A. Kostikova
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (CSBG SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
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Delpeuch P, Jabbour F, Damerval C, Schönenberger J, Pamperl S, Rome M, Nadot S. A flat petal as ancestral state for Ranunculaceae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:961906. [PMID: 36212342 PMCID: PMC9532948 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.961906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ranunculaceae comprise ca. 2,500 species (ca. 55 genera) that display a broad range of floral diversity, particularly at the level of the perianth. Petals, when present, are often referred to as "elaborate" because they have a complex morphology. In addition, the petals usually produce and store nectar, which gives them a crucial functional role in the interaction with pollinators. Its morphological diversity and species richness make this family a particularly suitable model group for studying the evolution of complex morphologies. Our aims are (1) to reconstruct the ancestral form of the petal and evolutionary stages at the scale of Ranunculaceae, (2) to test the hypothesis that there are morphogenetic regions on the petal that are common to all species and that interspecific morphological diversity may be due to differences in the relative proportions of these regions during development. We scored and analyzed traits (descriptors) that characterize in detail the complexity of mature petal morphology in 32 genera. Furthermore, we described petal development using high resolution X-Ray computed tomography (HRX-CT) in six species with contrasting petal forms (Ficaria verna, Helleborus orientalis, Staphisagria picta, Aconitum napellus, Nigella damascena, Aquilegia vulgaris). Ancestral state reconstruction was performed using a robust and dated phylogeny of the family, allowing us to produce new hypotheses for petal evolution in Ranunculaceae. Our results suggest a flat ancestral petal with a short claw for the entire family and for the ancestors of all tribes except Adonideae. The elaborate petals that are present in different lineages have evolved independently, and similar morphologies are the result of convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Delpeuch
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Orsay, France
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Pauline Delpeuch,
| | - Florian Jabbour
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Damerval
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution-Le Moulon, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jürg Schönenberger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Pamperl
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maxime Rome
- Jardin du Lautaret, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Nadot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution, Orsay, France
- Sophie Nadot,
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