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Winocur-Arias O, Winocur E, Shalev-Antsel T, Reiter S, Shifra L, Emodi-Perlman A, Friedman-Rubin P. Painful Temporomandibular Disorders, Bruxism and Oral Parafunctions before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era: A Sex Comparison among Dental Patients. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030589. [PMID: 35160041 PMCID: PMC8837112 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the effect of the current coronavirus pandemic on the prevalence of bruxism, oral parafunctions and painful Temporo-Mandibular Disorders (TMDs) and to evaluate the influence of the pandemic on both sexes. Methods: This retrospective study included 288 dental patients who underwent complete anamnesis and examination according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD. The study evaluated two patient populations according to the date of examination: (a) pre-COVID-19 pandemic era (108 patients); (b) COVID 19 pandemic era, where 180 patients were examined during the pandemic. Results: A significant increase in parafunction activity was found in both men and women (p < 0.001) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Awake bruxism (AB) and sleep bruxism (SB) was more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic solely in women (AB-p < 0.001; SB-p = 0.014). Conclusions: Men and women were affected by the ongoing stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic, yet women showed a higher influence as compared to men. The long-term exposure to elevated levels of anxiety and stress may aggravate or trigger stomatognathic detrimental conditions. Dentists should be aware and regularly monitor their patients regarding the possible existence and consequences of bruxism and TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Winocur-Arias
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel; (O.W.-A.); (R.S.)
| | - Efraim Winocur
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel; (E.W.); (T.S.-A.); (L.S.); (P.F.-R.)
| | - Tamar Shalev-Antsel
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel; (E.W.); (T.S.-A.); (L.S.); (P.F.-R.)
| | - Shoshana Reiter
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel; (O.W.-A.); (R.S.)
| | - Levartovsky Shifra
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel; (E.W.); (T.S.-A.); (L.S.); (P.F.-R.)
| | - Alona Emodi-Perlman
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel; (E.W.); (T.S.-A.); (L.S.); (P.F.-R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pessia Friedman-Rubin
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel; (E.W.); (T.S.-A.); (L.S.); (P.F.-R.)
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Soto-Goñi XA, Alen F, Buiza-González L, Marcolino-Cruz D, Sánchez-Sánchez T, Ardizone-García I, Aneiros-López F, Jiménez-Ortega L. Adaptive Stress Coping in Awake Bruxism. Front Neurol 2020; 11:564431. [PMID: 33362686 PMCID: PMC7755641 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.564431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have analyzed the relationship between psychological factors and bruxism. However, the data are often obscured by the lack of precise diagnostic criteria and the variety of the psychological questionnaires used. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between awake bruxism and psychological factors (anxiety, depression, sociability, stress coping, and personality traits). With this aim, 68 participants (13 males) completed a battery of psychological questionnaires, a self-reported bruxism questionnaire, and a clinical examination. Based on their scores on the bruxism questionnaire and the clinical examination, subjects were divided into two groups. Subjects who met the criteria for “probable awake bruxism” were assigned to the case group (n = 29, five males). The control group (n = 39, nine males) was composed of subjects who showed no signs or symptoms of bruxism in the examination nor in the questionnaire. The probable awake bruxism group presented significantly higher levels of trait and state anxiety, symptoms of somatization, and neuroticism than the control group. Despite this, and when their problem coping strategies were considered, awake bruxers showed higher levels in Positive Reappraisal (p < 0.05), a strategy generally considered as adaptive. In conclusion, although awake bruxers in our study showed larger levels of anxiety, somatization, and neuroticism, they also displayed more adapted coping strategies, while according to previous data TMD patients (which generally also present high levels of anxiety, somatization and neuroticism) might tend to present less adaptive coping styles. Thus, awake bruxism may play a positive role in stress coping, which would be compatible with the hypothesis of mastication as a means of relieving psychological tension. This finding should be further confirmed by future research comparing TMD patients with definitive awake bruxers and controls and using larger and more representative samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Ander Soto-Goñi
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Alen
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Buiza-González
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Danielle Marcolino-Cruz
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Sánchez-Sánchez
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ardizone-García
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Aneiros-López
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Jiménez-Ortega
- Department of Psychobiology and Behavioral Sciences Methods, Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Human Evolution and Behaviour, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Saruta J, To M, Sakaguchi W, Kondo Y, Tsukinoki K. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is related to stress and chewing in saliva and salivary glands. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2020; 56:43-49. [PMID: 31879531 PMCID: PMC6920199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chewing is one of the most important orofacial functions. During this process, food is reduced in size, while saliva moistens the food and binds it into a bolus that can be easily swallowed. Characteristics of the oral system, including the number of teeth, bite force, and salivary flow, influence the masticatory process. In addition, salivary glands produce several cell growth factors and play an important role in human health. The nerve growth factor (NGF) family consists of NGF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophins-3 to 7. BDNF is a well-studied neurotrophin involved in the neurogenesis, differentiation, and maintenance of select peripheral and central neuronal cell populations during development and adulthood. However, there has been no detailed description of the expression of neurotrophins other than NGF in the salivary gland. We previously studied the effect of immobilization stress + chewing on BDNF secretion and its receptor, tyrosine receptor kinase B, in rat submandibular glands and found increased BDNF expression in duct cells under these conditions. In this review, we describe recent advances in understanding the role of stress and chewing-related BDNF in the saliva and salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Saruta
- Department of Oral Science, Division of Salivary Gland and Health Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Masahiro To
- Department of Oral Science, Division of Salivary Gland and Health Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Wakako Sakaguchi
- Department of Oral Science, Division of Salivary Gland and Health Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kondo
- Department of Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Keiichi Tsukinoki
- Department of Oral Science, Division of Salivary Gland and Health Medicine, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
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Kubo KY, Suzuki A, Iinuma M, Sato Y, Nagashio R, Ohta E, Azuma K. Vulnerability to stress in mouse offspring is ameliorated when pregnant dams are provided a chewing stick during prenatal stress. Arch Oral Biol 2018; 97:150-155. [PMID: 30390464 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether maternal chewing during prenatal stress alters the responsivity of young offspring to novel stress, we examined the expression of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptors and mineralocorticoid receptors, and the levels of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone in young adult mouse offspring of dams exposed to restraint stress during pregnancy. DESIGN To induce stress, the dams were placed in a ventilated restraint tube for 45 min each day from day 12 of pregnancy through parturition. While restrained in the tube, one group of dams was provided a wooden stick for chewing. Hippocampal expression of glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor messenger ribonucleic acid was assessed in 1-month-old pups. Hypothalamic expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone messenger ribonucleic acid was examined before and after exposing the offspring to a novel stressor. RESULTS Prenatal stress significantly decreased hippocampal expression of both glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the offspring, and increased the expression of corticotropin-releasing hormone messenger ribonucleic acid in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the offspring after novel stress exposure. Maternal chewing during exposure to prenatal stress attenuated the decreased hippocampal expression of both glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor messenger ribonucleic acid, and the increased corticotropin-releasing hormone messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the offspring. CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor expression in offspring due to prenatal stress, which may be associated with increased susceptibility to novel stress in adulthood, are attenuated by allowing the dams to chew on a wooden stick.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Ya Kubo
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Nagoya Women's University, 3-40, Shioji-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8610, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Iinuma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu, 501-0296, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sato
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Science, 1-15-1, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan; R & D Center for Cell Design, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Ryo Nagashio
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Science, 1-15-1, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan; R & D Center for Cell Design, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ohta
- R & D Center for Cell Design, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, 1-15-1, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan; Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato, 1-15-1, Minamiku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Kagaku Azuma
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
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Tago C, Aoki S, Sato S. Status of occlusal contact during sleep bruxism in patients who visited dental clinics - A study using a Bruxchecker®. Cranio 2017; 36:167-173. [PMID: 28234550 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2017.1295125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bruxism-induced mechanical load causes various dental problems, and its treatment is challenging. The present study analyzed upper and lower tooth contacts to determine actual occlusal contact during sleep bruxism. METHODS Tooth contact patterns were analyzed in 49 patients attending dental clinics, using a Bruxchecker®, cephalograms, and condylographs. RESULTS Approximately 80% of individuals demonstrated contact from the anterior teeth to the molar region (ICPM); about 96% had mediotrusive grinding and contact. The tooth contact area increased with the flatness of the anterior occlusal plane. The ratio of the contact area of the anterior teeth to the overall tooth contact area increased with overbite. Bilateral ICPM and mediotrusive contact patterns were associated with a high frequency of temporomandibular disorder symptoms, clicking, and/or pain. DISCUSSION The tooth contact area, anterior occlusal plane, and overbite are closely related, suggesting that tooth contact with the anterior teeth should be controlled with occlusal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoshi Aoki
- b Department of Craniofacial Growth and Development , Kanagawa Dental University , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Sadao Sato
- c Research Institute of Occlusion Medicine, Kanagawa Dental University , Kanagawa , Japan
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Mastication as a Stress-Coping Behavior. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:876409. [PMID: 26090453 PMCID: PMC4450283 DOI: 10.1155/2015/876409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to chronic stress induces various physical and mental effects that may ultimately lead to disease. Stress-related disease has become a global health problem. Mastication (chewing) is an effective behavior for coping with stress, likely due to the alterations chewing causes in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system. Mastication under stressful conditions attenuates stress-induced increases in plasma corticosterone and catecholamines, as well as the expression of stress-related substances, such as neurotrophic factors and nitric oxide. Further, chewing reduces stress-induced changes in central nervous system morphology, especially in the hippocampus and hypothalamus. In rodents, chewing or biting on wooden sticks during exposure to various stressors reduces stress-induced gastric ulcer formation and attenuates spatial cognitive dysfunction, anxiety-like behavior, and bone loss. In humans, some studies demonstrate that chewing gum during exposure to stress decreases plasma and salivary cortisol levels and reduces mental stress, although other studies report no such effect. Here, we discuss the neuronal mechanisms that underline the interactions between masticatory function and stress-coping behaviors in animals and humans.
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Saruta J, To M, Hayashi T, Kawashima R, Shimizu T, Kamata Y, Kato M, Takeuchi M, Tsukinoki K. Relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and stress in saliva and salivary glands. JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoms.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ono Y, Yamamoto T, Kubo KY, Onozuka M. Occlusion and brain function: mastication as a prevention of cognitive dysfunction. J Oral Rehabil 2010; 37:624-40. [PMID: 20236235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010.02079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research in animals and humans has shown that mastication maintains cognitive function in the hippocampus, a brain area important for learning and memory. Reduced mastication, an epidemiological risk factor for the development of dementia in humans, attenuates spatial memory and causes hippocampal neurons to deteriorate morphologically and functionally, especially in aged animals. Active mastication rescues the stress-attenuated hippocampal memory process in animals and attenuates the perception of stress in humans by suppressing endocrinological and autonomic stress responses. Active mastication further improves the performance of sustained cognitive tasks by increasing the activation of the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, the brain regions that are essential for cognitive processing. Abnormal mastication caused by experimental occlusal disharmony in animals produces chronic stress, which in turn suppresses spatial learning ability. The negative correlation between mastication and corticosteroids has raised the hypothesis that the suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by masticatory stimulation contributes, in part, to preserving cognitive functions associated with mastication. In the present review, we examine research pertaining to the mastication-induced amelioration of deficits in cognitive function, its possible relationship with the HPA axis, and the neuronal mechanisms that may be involved in this process in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ono
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka, Japan.
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The masticatory organ and stress management. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY & OCCLUSION MEDICINE 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12548-008-0010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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