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Neuber C, Schulze S, Förster Y, Hofheinz F, Wodke J, Möller S, Schnabelrauch M, Hintze V, Scharnweber D, Rammelt S, Pietzsch J. Biomaterials in repairing rat femoral defects: In vivo insights from small animal positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) studies. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2019; 73:177-194. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-199208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christin Neuber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Schulze
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University Center for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yvonne Förster
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University Center for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Hofheinz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department Positron Emission Tomography, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johanna Wodke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Vera Hintze
- Technische Universität Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dieter Scharnweber
- Technische Universität Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, Dresden, Germany
- Center of Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- Technische Universität Dresden, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University Center for Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Dresden, Germany
- Center of Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Dresden, Germany
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Wu M, Shu J. Multimodal Molecular Imaging: Current Status and Future Directions. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:1382183. [PMID: 29967571 PMCID: PMC6008764 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1382183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has emerged at the end of the last century as an interdisciplinary method involving in vivo imaging and molecular biology aiming at identifying living biological processes at a cellular and molecular level in a noninvasive manner. It has a profound role in determining disease changes and facilitating drug research and development, thus creating new medical modalities to monitor human health. At present, a variety of different molecular imaging techniques have their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. In order to overcome these shortcomings, researchers combine two or more detection techniques to create a new imaging mode, such as multimodal molecular imaging, to obtain a better result and more information regarding monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment. In this review, we first describe the classic molecular imaging technology and its key advantages, and then, we offer some of the latest multimodal molecular imaging modes. Finally, we summarize the great challenges, the future development, and the great potential in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Shu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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Airas L, Nylund M, Rissanen E. Evaluation of Microglial Activation in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Using Positron Emission Tomography. Front Neurol 2018; 9:181. [PMID: 29632509 PMCID: PMC5879102 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the key elements contributing to the identification of appropriate therapeutic targets for this under-managed condition. In addition to plaque-related focal inflammatory pathology typical for relapsing remitting MS there are, in progressive MS, widespread diffuse alterations in brain areas outside the focal lesions. This diffuse pathology is tightly related to microglial activation and is co-localized with signs of neurodegeneration. Microglia are brain-resident cells of the innate immune system and overactivation of microglia is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the role of microglial activation in relation to developing neurodegeneration and disease progression may provide a key to developing therapies to target progressive MS. 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO) is a mitochondrial molecule upregulated in microglia upon their activation. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using TSPO-binding radioligands provides a method to assess microglial activation in patients in vivo. In this mini-review, we summarize the current status of TSPO imaging in the field of MS. In addition, the review discusses new insights into the potential use of this method in treatment trials and in clinical assessment of progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Airas
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjo Nylund
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eero Rissanen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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4
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Biological characterization of novel nitroimidazole-peptide conjugates in vitr
o and in vivo. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:597-609. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Dinov ID, Siegrist K, Pearl DK, Kalinin A, Christou N. Probability Distributome: A Web Computational Infrastructure for Exploring the Properties, Interrelations, and Applications of Probability Distributions. Comput Stat 2016; 31:559-577. [PMID: 27158191 PMCID: PMC4856044 DOI: 10.1007/s00180-015-0594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Probability distributions are useful for modeling, simulation, analysis, and inference on varieties of natural processes and physical phenomena. There are uncountably many probability distributions. However, a few dozen families of distributions are commonly defined and are frequently used in practice for problem solving, experimental applications, and theoretical studies. In this paper, we present a new computational and graphical infrastructure, the Distributome, which facilitates the discovery, exploration and application of diverse spectra of probability distributions. The extensible Distributome infrastructure provides interfaces for (human and machine) traversal, search, and navigation of all common probability distributions. It also enables distribution modeling, applications, investigation of inter-distribution relations, as well as their analytical representations and computational utilization. The entire Distributome framework is designed and implemented as an open-source, community-built, and Internet-accessible infrastructure. It is portable, extensible and compatible with HTML5 and Web2.0 standards (http://Distributome.org). We demonstrate two types of applications of the probability Distributome resources: computational research and science education. The Distributome tools may be employed to address five complementary computational modeling applications (simulation, data-analysis and inference, model-fitting, examination of the analytical, mathematical and computational properties of specific probability distributions, and exploration of the inter-distributional relations). Many high school and college science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) courses may be enriched by the use of modern pedagogical approaches and technology-enhanced methods. The Distributome resources provide enhancements for blended STEM education by improving student motivation, augmenting the classical curriculum with interactive webapps, and overhauling the learning assessment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo D. Dinov
- Statistics Online Computational Resource (SOCR), Michigan Institute for Data Science (MIDAS), School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- SOCR Resource, Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Kyle Siegrist
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899
| | - Dennis K. Pearl
- Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Alexandr Kalinin
- Statistics Online Computational Resource (SOCR), Michigan Institute for Data Science (MIDAS), School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nicolas Christou
- SOCR Resource, Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Bouvet V, Wuest M, Jans HS, Janzen N, Genady AR, Valliant JF, Benard F, Wuest F. Automated synthesis of [(18)F]DCFPyL via direct radiofluorination and validation in preclinical prostate cancer models. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:40. [PMID: 27142881 PMCID: PMC4854855 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is frequently overexpressed and upregulated in prostate cancer. To date, various 18F- and 68Ga-labeled urea-based radiotracers for PET imaging of PSMA have been developed and entered clinical trials. Here, we describe an automated synthesis of [18F]DCFPyL via direct radiofluorination and validation in preclinical models of prostate cancer. Methods [18F]DCFPyL was synthesized via direct nucleophilic heteroaromatic substitution reaction in a single reactor TRACERlab FXFN automated synthesis unit. Radiopharmacological evaluation of [18F]DCFPyL involved internalization experiments, dynamic PET imaging in LNCaP (PSMA+) and PC3 (PSMA−) tumor-bearing BALB/c nude mice, biodistribution studies, and metabolic profiling. In addition, reversible two-tissue compartmental model analysis was used to quantify pharmacokinetics of [18F]DCFPyL in LNCaP and PC3 tumor models. Results Automated radiosynthesis afforded radiotracer [18F]DCFPyL in decay-corrected radiochemical yields of 23 ± 5 % (n = 10) within 55 min, including HPLC purification. Dynamic PET analysis revealed rapid and high uptake of radioactivity (SUV5min 0.95) in LNCaP tumors which increased over time (SUV60min 1.1). Radioactivity uptake in LNCaP tumors was blocked in the presence of nonradioactive DCFPyL (SUV60min 0.22). The muscle as reference tissue showed rapid and continuous clearance over time (SUV60min 0.06). Fast blood clearance of radioactivity resulted in tumor-blood ratios of 1.0 after 10 min and 8.3 after 60 min. PC3 tumors also showed continuous clearance of radioactivity over time (SUV60min 0.11). Kinetic analysis of PET data revealed the two-tissue compartmental model as best fit with K1 = 0.12, k2 = 0.18, k3 = 0.08, and k4 = 0.004 min−1, confirming molecular trapping of [18F]DCFPyL in PSMA+ LNCaP cells. Conclusions [18F]DCFPyL can be prepared for clinical applications simply and in good radiochemical yields via a direct radiofluorination synthesis route in a single reactor automated synthesis unit. Radiopharmacological evaluation of [18F]DCFPyL confirmed high PSMA-mediated tumor uptake combined with superior clearance parameters. Compartmental model analysis points to a two-step molecular trapping mechanism based on PSMA binding and subsequent internalization leading to retention of radioactivity in PSMA+ LNCaP tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-016-0195-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Bouvet
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Melinda Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Hans-Soenke Jans
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Nancy Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Afaf R Genady
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - John F Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Francois Benard
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1Z2, Canada.
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Development of (18)F-labeled radiotracers for neuroreceptor imaging with positron emission tomography. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:777-811. [PMID: 25172118 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1460-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an in vivo molecular imaging tool which is widely used in nuclear medicine for early diagnosis and treatment follow-up of many brain diseases. PET uses biomolecules as probes which are labeled with radionuclides of short half-lives, synthesized prior to the imaging studies. These probes are called radiotracers. Fluorine-18 is a radionuclide routinely used in the radiolabeling of neuroreceptor ligands for PET because of its favorable half-life of 109.8 min. The delivery of such radiotracers into the brain provides images of transport, metabolic, and neurotransmission processes on the molecular level. After a short introduction into the principles of PET, this review mainly focuses on the strategy of radiotracer development bridging from basic science to biomedical application. Successful radiotracer design as described here provides molecular probes which not only are useful for imaging of human brain diseases, but also allow molecular neuroreceptor imaging studies in various small-animal models of disease, including genetically-engineered animals. Furthermore, they provide a powerful tool for in vivo pharmacology during the process of pre-clinical drug development to identify new drug targets, to investigate pathophysiology, to discover potential drug candidates, and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in vivo.
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Faria DDP, Copray S, Buchpiguel C, Dierckx R, de Vries E. PET imaging in multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2014; 9:468-82. [PMID: 24809810 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-014-9544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive technique for quantitative imaging of biochemical and physiological processes in animals and humans. PET uses probes labeled with a radioactive isotope, called PET tracers, which can bind to or be converted by a specific biological target and thus can be applied to detect and monitor different aspects of diseases. The number of applications of PET imaging in multiple sclerosis is still limited. Clinical studies using PET are basically focused on monitoring changes in glucose metabolism and the presence of activated microglia/macrophages in sclerotic lesions. In preclinical studies, PET imaging of targets for other processes, like demyelination and remyelination, has been investigated and may soon be translated to clinical applications. Moreover, more PET tracers that could be relevant for MS are available now, but have not been studied in this context yet. In this review, we summarize the PET imaging studies performed in multiple sclerosis up to now. In addition, we will identify potential applications of PET imaging of processes or targets that are of interest to MS research, but have yet remained largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele de Paula Faria
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Löser R, Bergmann R, Frizler M, Mosch B, Dombrowski L, Kuchar M, Steinbach J, Gütschow M, Pietzsch J. Synthesis and radiopharmacological characterisation of a fluorine-18-labelled azadipeptide nitrile as a potential PET tracer for in vivo imaging of cysteine cathepsins. ChemMedChem 2013; 8:1330-44. [PMID: 23785011 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201300135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A fluorinated cathepsin inhibitor based on the azadipeptide nitrile chemotype was prepared and selected for positron emission tomography (PET) tracer development owing to its high affinity for the oncologically relevant cathepsins L, S, K and B. Labelling with fluorine-18 was accomplished in an efficient and reliable two-step, one-pot radiosynthesis by using 2-[(18) F]fluoroethylnosylate as a prosthetic agent. The pharmacokinetic properties of the resulting radiotracer compound were studied in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo in normal rats by radiometabolite analysis and small-animal positron emission tomography. These investigations revealed rapid conjugate formation of the tracer with glutathione in the blood, which is associated with slow blood clearance. The potential of the developed (18) F-labelled probe to image tumour-associated cathepsin activity was investigated by dynamic small-animal PET imaging in nude mice bearing tumours derived from the human NCI-H292 lung carcinoma cell line. Computational analysis of the obtained image data indicated the time-dependent accumulation of the radiotracer in the tumours. The expression of the target enzymes in the tumours was confirmed by immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies. This indicates that azadipeptide nitriles have the potential to target thiol-dependent cathepsins in vivo despite their disadvantageous pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reik Löser
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
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10
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James ML, Gambhir SS. A molecular imaging primer: modalities, imaging agents, and applications. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:897-965. [PMID: 22535898 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 702] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging is revolutionizing the way we study the inner workings of the human body, diagnose diseases, approach drug design, and assess therapies. The field as a whole is making possible the visualization of complex biochemical processes involved in normal physiology and disease states, in real time, in living cells, tissues, and intact subjects. In this review, we focus specifically on molecular imaging of intact living subjects. We provide a basic primer for those who are new to molecular imaging, and a resource for those involved in the field. We begin by describing classical molecular imaging techniques together with their key strengths and limitations, after which we introduce some of the latest emerging imaging modalities. We provide an overview of the main classes of molecular imaging agents (i.e., small molecules, peptides, aptamers, engineered proteins, and nanoparticles) and cite examples of how molecular imaging is being applied in oncology, neuroscience, cardiology, gene therapy, cell tracking, and theranostics (therapy combined with diagnostics). A step-by-step guide to answering biological and/or clinical questions using the tools of molecular imaging is also provided. We conclude by discussing the grand challenges of the field, its future directions, and enormous potential for further impacting how we approach research and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L James
- Molecular Imaging Program, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
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Beuthien-Baumann B, Holthoff VA, Mäding P, Bergmann R, Pawelke B, Holl G, von Kummer R, Kotzerke J, van den Hoff J. 18F-labelled CCR1-receptor antagonist is not suitable for imaging of Alzheimer's disease. Nuklearmedizin 2012; 51:239-43. [PMID: 22684530 DOI: 10.3413/nukmed-0457-12-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with positron emission tomography (PET) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) relies on typical alterations of brain glucose metabolism which are, however, not disease specific. Amyloid-β imaging has not entered clinical routine yet. Post mortem histological specimen of brain tissue from AD patients revealed enhanced expression of the chemotactic cytocine receptor 1 (CCR1). PARTICIPANTS, METHODS CCR1-antagonist ZK811460 was labeled with fluorine-18 to explore its possible use as specific diagnostic tool in AD. Tracer characterization comprising PET imaging of brain and metabolite analysis was performed in AD patients and controls. RESULTS Neither qualitative evaluation nor quantitative compartment analysis of PET data did show any enhanced binding of the 18F-labeled CCR1-antagonist in the brain of AD patients or controls. CONCLUSION 18F-ZK811460 did not fulfill the expectation as diagnostic tracer in PET imaging of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Beuthien-Baumann
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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Koehler L, Gagnon K, McQuarrie S, Wuest F. Iodine-124: a promising positron emitter for organic PET chemistry. Molecules 2010; 15:2686-718. [PMID: 20428073 PMCID: PMC6257279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15042686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of radiopharmaceuticals for molecular imaging of biochemical and physiological processes in vivo has evolved into an important diagnostic tool in modern nuclear medicine and medical research. Positron emission tomography (PET) is currently the most sophisticated molecular imaging methodology, mainly due to the unrivalled high sensitivity which allows for the studying of biochemistry in vivo on the molecular level. The most frequently used radionuclides for PET have relatively short half-lives (e.g. 11C: 20.4 min; 18F: 109.8 min) which may limit both the synthesis procedures and the time frame of PET studies. Iodine-124 (124I, t1/2 = 4.2 d) is an alternative long-lived PET radionuclide attracting increasing interest for long term clinical and small animal PET studies. The present review gives a survey on the use of 124I as promising PET radionuclide for molecular imaging. The first part describes the production of 124I. The second part covers basic radiochemistry with 124I focused on the synthesis of 124I-labeled compounds for molecular imaging purposes. The review concludes with a summary and an outlook on the future prospective of using the long-lived positron emitter 124I in the field of organic PET chemistry and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Koehler
- Institute of Radiopharmacy, Research Center Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany; E-Mail: (L.K.)
| | - Katherine Gagnon
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; E-Mail: (K.G.)
| | - Steve McQuarrie
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; E-Mail: (S.M.)
| | - Frank Wuest
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; E-Mail: (S.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1 780 989 8150; Fax: +1 780 432 8483
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Abramyuk A, Wolf G, Hietschold V, Haberland U, van den Hoff J, Abolmaali N. Comment on "Developing DCE-CT to quantify intra-tumor heterogeneity in breast tumors with differing angiogenic phenotype". IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2010; 29:1088-1092. [PMID: 20659827 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2009.2031780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In our comment some essential issues concerning determination of arterial input function (AIF), cardiac and respiratory related motion artifacts, contrast agent application and compartmental model fitting done by Cao et al., 2009 are discussed.
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Abstract
Recent advancements in the speed and accuracy of data acquisition and resolution of neuroimaging and interventional techniques have revolutionized the early anatomical and functional diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of many neuroophthalmological disorders. The relatively new techniques include magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy, computed tomography angiography, positron emission tomography, and functional MR imaging. In this paper the author describes the principles of the current techniques used by neuroophthalmologists and their value in the diagnosis, localization, and treatment of various afferent and efferent visual and ocular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaraj Bose
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
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Bergmann R, Pietzsch J. Small animal positron emission tomography in food sciences. Amino Acids 2005; 29:355-76. [PMID: 16142524 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-005-0237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a 3-dimensional imaging technique that has undergone tremendous developments during the last decade. Non-invasive tracing of molecular pathways in vivo is the key capability of PET. It has become an important tool in the diagnosis of human diseases as well as in biomedical and pharmaceutical research. In contrast to other imaging modalities, radiotracer concentrations can be determined quantitatively. By application of appropriate tracer kinetic models, the rate constants of numerous different biological processes can be determined. Rapid progress in PET radiochemistry has significantly increased the number of biologically important molecules labelled with PET nuclides to target a broader range of physiologic, metabolic, and molecular pathways. Progress in PET physics and technology strongly contributed to better scanners and image processing. In this context, dedicated high resolution scanners for dynamic PET studies in small laboratory animals are now available. These developments represent the driving force for the expansion of PET methodology into new areas of life sciences including food sciences. Small animal PET has a high potential to depict physiologic processes like absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and interactions of biologically significant substances, including nutrients, 'nutriceuticals', functional food ingredients, and foodborne toxicants. Based on present data, potential applications of small animal PET in food sciences are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bergmann
- Positron Emission Tomography Center, Institute of Bioinorganic and Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Center Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
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