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Owumi SE, Adeniyi G, Oyelere AK. The modulatory effect of taurine on benzo (a) pyrene-induced hepatorenal toxicity. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:389-398. [PMID: 34141152 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicities linked with Benzo (a) pyrene B[a]P exposure, particularly in liver and kidney have been reported in both animals and humans. Taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid) is an intracellular β-amino acid reported to elicit hepatorenal protective functions. However, the modulatory effect of taurine on hepatorenal toxicity associated with exposure to B[a]P has not been reported. This study evaluated the effects of taurine on the hepatorenal toxicities induced in cohorts of rats exposed to B[a]P. Experimental rats were treated as follows: B[a]P (10 mg/kg); co-treated cohorts -B[a]P (10 mg/kg) plus taurine (100 or 200 mg/kg) for 4 successive weeks. Results show that co-dosing with taurine significantly (P < 0.05) improved B[a]P-induced distortion of oxidative stress markers (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, total sulphydryl, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase), renal function (urea and creatinine) and liver function marker enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and gamma glutamyl transferase). Moreover, taurine effectively mitigated increase in myeloperoxidase activity, levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, nitric oxide and interleukin-1β in kidney and liver of rats treated with B[a]P. In conclusion, taurine modulates hepatorenal toxicity in B[a]P-exposed rats by suppressing hepatic and renal damage indices, oxidative injury and inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon E Owumi
- CRMB Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, 200004, Nigeria
| | - Gideon Adeniyi
- CRMB Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, 200004, Nigeria
| | - Adegboyega K Oyelere
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
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2
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Oja SS, Saransaari P. Taurine and epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2013; 104:187-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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3
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Taurine and Its Neuroprotective Role. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 775:19-27. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6130-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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4
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Fauvelle F, Carpentier P, Dorandeu F, Foquin A, Testylier G. Prediction of Neuroprotective Treatment Efficiency Using a HRMAS NMR-Based Statistical Model of Refractory Status Epilepticus on Mouse: A Metabolomic Approach Supported by Histology. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:3782-95. [DOI: 10.1021/pr300291d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florence Fauvelle
- Département Effets Biologiques
des Rayonnements, IRBA-CRSSA, La Tronche,
France
| | - Pierre Carpentier
- Département
de Toxicologie
et Risques Chimiques, IRBA-CRSSA, La Tronche,
France
| | - Frederic Dorandeu
- Département
de Toxicologie
et Risques Chimiques, IRBA-CRSSA, La Tronche,
France
- Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, Paris, France
| | - Annie Foquin
- Département
de Toxicologie
et Risques Chimiques, IRBA-CRSSA, La Tronche,
France
| | - Guy Testylier
- Département
de Toxicologie
et Risques Chimiques, IRBA-CRSSA, La Tronche,
France
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Junyent F, De Lemos L, Utrera J, Paco S, Aguado F, Camins A, Pallàs M, Romero R, Auladell C. Content and traffic of taurine in hippocampal reactive astrocytes. Hippocampus 2011; 21:185-97. [PMID: 20082296 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.20739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Taurine is one of the most abundant free amino acids in the mammalian central nervous system, where it is crucial to proper development. Moreover, taurine acts as a neuroprotectant in various diseases; in epilepsy, for example, it has the capacity to reduce or abolish seizures. In the present study, taurine levels has been determine in mice treated with Kainic Acid (KA) and results showed an increase of this amino acid in hippocampus but not in whole brain after 3 and 7 days of KA treatment. This increase occurs when gliosis was observed. Moreover, taurine transporter (TAUT) was found in astrocytes 3 and 7 days after KA treatment, together with an increase in cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (csd) mRNA, that codifies for the rate-limiting enzyme of taurine synthesis, in the hippocampus at the same times after KA treatment. Glial cultures enriched in astrocytes were developed to demonstrate that these cells are responsible for changes in taurine levels after an injury to the brain. The cultures were treated with proinflammatory cytokines to reproduce gliosis. In this experimental model, an increase in the immunoreactivity of GFAP was observed, together with an increase in CSD and taurine levels. Moreover, an alteration in the taurine uptake-release kinetics was detected in glial cells treated with cytokine. All data obtained indicate that astrocytes could play a key role in taurine level changes induced by neuronal damage. More studies are, therefore, needed to clarify the role taurine has in relation to neuronal death and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fèlix Junyent
- Unitat de Farmacologia i Farmacognòsia Facultat de Farmàcia, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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Rowley NM, Smith MD, Lamb JG, Schousboe A, White HS. Hippocampal betaine/GABA transporter mRNA expression is not regulated by inflammation or dehydration post-status epilepticus. J Neurochem 2011; 117:82-90. [PMID: 21219332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Seizure activity can alter GABA transporter and osmoprotective gene expression, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. However, the response of the betaine/GABA transporter (BGT1) is unknown. The goal of the present study was to compare the expression of BGT1 mRNA to that of other osmoprotective genes and GABA transporters following status epilepticus (SE). The possible contributory role of dehydration and inflammation was also investigated because both have been shown to be involved in the regulation of GABA transporter and/or osmoprotective gene expression. BGT1 mRNA was increased 24 h post-SE, as were osmoprotective genes. BGT1 was decreased 72 h and 4 weeks post-SE, as were the GABA transporter mRNAs. The mRNA values for osmoprotective genes following 24-h water withdrawal were significantly lower than the values obtained 24 h post-SE despite similarities in their plasma osmolality values. BGT1 mRNA was not altered by lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation while the transcription factor tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein and the GABA transporters 1 and 3 were. These results suggest that neither plasma osmolality nor inflammation fully account for the changes seen in BGT1 mRNA expression post-SE. However, it is evident that BGT1 mRNA expression is altered by SE and displays a temporal pattern with similarities to both GABA and osmolyte transporters. Further investigation of BGT1 regulation in the brain is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Rowley
- Anticonvulsant Drug Development Program, Department of Pharmacology Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
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Stojanović I, Jelenković A, Stevanović I, Pavlović D, Bjelaković G, Jevtović-Stoimenov T. Spermidine influence on the nitric oxide synthase and arginase activity relationship during experimentally induced seizures. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2010; 21:169-85. [PMID: 20853599 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp.2010.21.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a potential candidate for a modulator of convulsive activity, is a mediator in several pathological events in the central nervous system. The polyamines, spermidine (Spd) and spermine, are neuromodulators influencing the metabolism of L-arginine and NO production. Here we examined the effects of Spd on NO production and arginase activity during convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). Male Wistar rats were allocated into four experimental groups of 8 animals each and received the following treatments: I (control)--saline, intraperitoneally (i.p.); II (PTZ)--seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (100mg/kg bw i.p); III (Spd)--Spd (1 mg/kg bw i.p.) 50 min before PTZ application; IV (Mid)--antiepileptic Midazolam (100 mg/kg bw) 45 min before PTZ. In brain cortex, striatum, hippocampus, cerebellum, and brainstem homogenates, nitrite + nitrate levels and arginase activity were determined. Spermidine showed proepileptic effects. shortening seizure latency and inducing a more profound increase of NO production than PTZ in all brain structures. PTZ reduced arginase activity, whereas Spd pretreatment increased enzyme activity, with the most profound effects in cerebellum and brainstem. The results point out the importance of polyamine and arginine metabolism in the brain during seizures, suggesting a regulatory role for polyamines and arginase in NO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Stojanović
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty ofMedicine, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.
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Devi SL, Viswanathan P, Anuradha CV. Regression of liver fibrosis by taurine in rats fed alcohol: effects on collagen accumulation, selected cytokines and stellate cell activation. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 647:161-70. [PMID: 20813107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The antifibrogenic effect of taurine in experimental liver fibrosis has been shown. The role of taurine to abate fibrogenic mediators and collagen deposition during liver fibrosis induced by simultaneous administration of iron carbonyl (0.5% w/w) and alcohol (6 g/kg/day) was investigated in this study. Liver histology, the levels of inflammatory cytokines, stellate cell activation, oxidative stress and collagen content were assessed. Liver fibrosis and a rise in collagen content in ethanol plus iron-fed rat were evident from van Gieson and Masson's trichrome staining respectively. Hepatic myeloperoxidase activity and plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were markedly elevated. This was associated with an imbalance in the oxidant-antioxidant system, increased expression of transforming growth factor-β(1) (TGF-β(1)) and stellate cell activation suggested by α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) localization. This condition was protected in the presence of taurine. Taurine lowered the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and peroxidation products and the expression of α-SMA, desmin and TGF-β(1) and improved the antioxidant status. A positive relationship between hepatic collagen with iron and lipid peroxides and an inverse relationship between collagen and glutathione were noted. It is concluded that taurine reduces iron-potentiated alcoholic liver fibrosis by curtailing oxidative stress, production of inflammatory and fibrogenic mediators and activation of stellate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Lakshmi Devi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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Huh Y, Ju MS, Park H, Han S, Bang YM, Ferris CF, Koppell GA, King JA, Kim ML, Kim DJ, Ahn CH, Oh MS. Clavulanic acid protects neurons in pharmacological models of neurodegenerative diseases. Drug Dev Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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10
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Maciejak P, Szyndler J, Turzyńska D, Sobolewska A, Bidziński A, Kołosowska K, Płaźnik A. Time course of changes in the concentrations of amino acids in the brain structures of pentylenetetrazole-kindled rats. Brain Res 2010; 1342:150-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2010] [Revised: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Devi SL, Anuradha CV. Oxidative and nitrosative stress in experimental rat liver fibrosis: Protective effect of taurine. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 29:104-110. [PMID: 21787590 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Taurine (TAU) has protective effects on experimental liver fibrosis. The present study investigates whether benefits of TAU are mediated through attenuation of oxidative and nitrosative stresses. Liver fibrosis was induced in male Wistar rats by simultaneous administration of iron (0.5%, w/w) and ethanol (6g/kg/day) for 60 days consecutively. Significant increases in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyl content and loss of non-protein, protein and total thiols were observed in the liver of iron plus alcohol-fed rats. Nitrosative stress was marked by increased levels of S-nitrosothiols and decreased nitrite content. Accumulation of nitrated and oxidatively modified proteins in liver was further evidenced by immunohistochemical localization with specific antibodies for 4-hydroxynonenol (4-HNE), 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) and dinitrophenol (DNP). Decrease in mitochondrial ion-transport enzymes and disturbances in calcium and iron levels were also observed in these rats. TAU administration (2% (w/v) in drinking water) significantly reduced the levels of lipid hydroperoxides, TBARS, protein carbonyl with concomitant elevation in thiol levels. The presence of 4-HNE, 3-NT and DNP-protein adducts was minimal. TAU also improved mitochondrial enzyme activities and regulated iron and calcium levels. These results show that the restorative effect of taurine in fibrosis involves amelioration of protein and lipid damage by decreasing oxidative and nitrosative stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Lakshmi Devi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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Junyent F, Utrera J, Romero R, Pallàs M, Camins A, Duque D, Auladell C. Prevention of epilepsy by taurine treatments in mice experimental model. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:1500-8. [PMID: 19025770 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An experimental model based on kainic acid (KA) injections replicates many phenomenological features of human temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common type of epilepsy in adults. Taurine, 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, present in high concentrations in many invertebrate and vertebrate systems, is believed to serve several important biological functions. In addition, it is believed to have a neuroprotective role against several diseases. In the present study, an experimental mouse model based on taurine pretreatment prior to KA administration has been improved to study whether taurine has a neuroprotective effect against KA-induced behavior and cell damage. Under different treatments tested, taurine's most neuroprotective effects were observed with intraperitoneal taurine injection (150 mg/kg dosage) 12 hr before KA administration. Thus, a reduction in or total absence of seizures, together with a reduction in or even disappearance of cellular and molecular KA-derived effects, was detected in mice pretreated with taurine compared with those treated only with KA. Moreover, the use of tritiated taurine revealed taurine entry into the brain, suggesting possible changes in intracellular:extracellular taurine ratios and the triggering of pathways related to neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Junyent
- Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Lakshmi Devi S, Anuradha CV. Mitochondrial damage, cytotoxicity and apoptosis in iron-potentiated alcoholic liver fibrosis: amelioration by taurine. Amino Acids 2009; 38:869-79. [PMID: 19381777 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Taurine effectively prevents ischemia-induced apoptosis in the cardiomyocytes and hypothalamic nuclei. The present study explores the influence of taurine on mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress and apoptosis in experimental liver fibrosis. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into six groups and maintained for a period of 60 days as follows: Group I, control; Group II, ethanol treatment [6 g/(kg/day)]; Group III, fibrosis induced by ethanol and iron (0.5% w/w); Group IV, ethanol + iron + taurine (2% w/v); Group V, ethanol + taurine treatment and Group VI, control + taurine treatment. Hepatocytes isolated from ethanol plus iron-treated rats showed decreased cell viability and redox ratio, increased reactive oxygen species formation, lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation, and formation of apoptotic bodies. Liver mitochondria showed increased susceptibility to swell, diminished activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes and antioxidants. Taurine administration to fibrotic rats restored mitochondrial function, reduced reactive oxygen species formation, prevented DNA damage, and apoptosis. Thus taurine might contribute to the amelioration of the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lakshmi Devi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Taurine supplementation improves the utilization of sulfur-containing amino acids in rats continually administrated alcohol. J Nutr Biochem 2009; 20:132-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2007] [Revised: 12/18/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Szyndler J, Maciejak P, Turzyńska D, Sobolewska A, Lehner M, Taracha E, Walkowiak J, Skórzewska A, Wisłowska-Stanek A, Hamed A, Bidziński A, Płaźnik A. Changes in the concentration of amino acids in the hippocampus of pentylenetetrazole-kindled rats. Neurosci Lett 2008; 439:245-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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