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Oxygen imaging of living cells and tissues using luminescent molecular probes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Prakash S, Hazari PP, Meena VK, Jaswal A, Khurana H, Kukreti S, Mishra AK. Biotinidase Resistant 68Gallium-Radioligand Based on Biotin/Avidin Interaction for Pretargeting: Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:2780-2790. [PMID: 27723977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new macrocyclic system 2,2'-(12-amino-11,13-dioxo-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotridecane-4,7-diyl)diacetic acid (ATRIDAT) was designed for coordinating metals in +2 and +3 oxidation states particularly 68Ga(III), for PET imaging. ATRIDAT was conjugated to d-biotin for pretargeting via biotin-avidin interaction. This model provides high tumor targeting efficiency and stability to biotinidase activity leading to modest signal amplification at the tumor site. Cyclization of triethylenetetramine with protected diethylamino malonate resulted in the formation of 13 membered diamide ring. d-Biotin was then anchored on the pendant amine rendering α-methyne carbon to the biotinamide bond which blocks the biotinidase enzyme activity. Biotinidase stability assay showed remarkable stability toward the action of biotinidase with ∼95% remaining intact after treatment following 4 h. Binding affinity experiments such as HABA assay, competitive displacement studies with d-biotin and CD showed high binding affinity of the molecule with avidin in nanomolar range. Biotin conjugate was successfully radiolabeled with 68Ga(III) with radiolabeling efficiency of ∼70% and then purified to get 99.9% radiochemical yield. IC50 of the compound was found to be 2.36 mM in HEK cell line and 0.82 mM in A549 as assessed in MTT assay. In biodistribution studies, the major route of excretion was found to be renal. Significant uptake of 4.15 ± 0.35% was observed in tumor in the avidin pretreated mouse at 1 h. μPET images also showed a high tumor to muscle ratio of 26.8 and tumor to kidney ratio of 1.74 at 1 h post-injection after avidin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Prakash
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi-110007, India
| | - Puja Panwar Hazari
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Meena
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Ambika Jaswal
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Harleen Khurana
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
| | - Shrikant Kukreti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi , Delhi-110007, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences , Brig SK Mazumdar Road, Delhi-110054, India
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Chan LWC, Ngo CHC, Wang F, Zhao MY, Zhao M, Law HKW, Wong SCC, Yung BYM. Disease-specific target gene expression profiling of molecular imaging probes: database development and clinical validation. Mol Imaging 2014; 13. [PMID: 25022454 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging probes can target abnormal gene expression patterns in patients and allow early diagnosis of disease. For selecting a suitable imaging probe, the current Molecular Imaging and Contrast Agent Database (MICAD) provides descriptive and qualitative information on imaging probe characteristics and properties. However, MICAD does not support linkage with the expression profiles of target genes. The proposed Disease-specific Imaging Probe Profiling (DIPP) database quantitatively archives and presents the gene expression profiles of targets across different diseases, anatomic regions, and subcellular locations, providing an objective reference for selecting imaging probes. The DIPP database was validated with a clinical positron emission tomography (PET) study on lung cancer and an in vitro study on neuroendocrine cancer. The retrieved records show that choline kinase beta and glucose transporters were positively and significantly associated with lung cancer among the targets of 11C-choline and [18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-2-d-glucose (FDG), respectively. Their significant overexpressions corresponded to the findings that the uptake rate of FDG increased with tumor size but that of 11C-choline remained constant. Validated with the in vitro study, the expression profiles of disease-associated targets can indicate the eligibility of patients for clinical trials of the treatment probe. A Web search tool of the DIPP database is available at http://www.polyu.edu.hk/bmi/dipp/.
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Zhang X, Soori G, Dobleman TJ, Xiao GG. The application of monoclonal antibodies in cancer diagnosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2013; 14:97-106. [PMID: 24308340 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.866039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer becomes the second leading cause of death in the world. An effective strategy for early diagnosis of the disease is key to reduce the mortality and morbidity. Development of effective monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based assays or diagnostic imaging techniques for detection of antigens and small molecules that are released from cancerous cells will enhance modern diagnostic medicine of cancer significantly. Although mAb technology is still under development, recent advances in preparation of recombinant antigen and antibody engineering techniques have dramatically enhanced the applications of this technology in cancer diagnosis. Compared with other methods, mAb-based assays may provide spatial, temporal, accurate and quantitative measurement for diagnosis of the disease. This review summarizes the progress of the mAb-based assays in the field of molecular diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhang
- The Medical College of Dalian University, Dalian Economic & Technical Development Zone, Dalian 116622, People's Republic of China, China
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Characterization of human colorectal cancer MDR1/P-gp Fab antibody. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:716289. [PMID: 24348182 PMCID: PMC3856173 DOI: 10.1155/2013/716289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the peptide sized 21 kDa covering P-gp transmembrane region was first prepared for generating a novel mouse monoclonal antibody Fab fragment with biological activity against multiple drug resistance protein P-gp21 by phage display technology. Phage-displayed antibody library prepared from mice spleen tissues was selected against the recombinant protein P-gp21 with five rounds of panning. A number of clones expressing Fab bound to P-gp21, showing neutralized activity in vitro, were isolated and screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on its recognition properties to P-gp21 and human colorectal cancer tissue homogenate, resulting in identification of an optimal recombinant Fab clone (Number 29). Further characterization by recloning number 29 into an expression vector showed significant induction of the Fab antibody in the clone number 29 by Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). After purified by HiTrap Protein L, the specificity of the Fab antibody to P-gp21 was also confirmed. Not only was the targeted region of this monoclonal Fab antibody identified as a 16-peptide epitope (ALKDKKELEGSGKIAT) comprising residues 883–898 within the transmembrane (TM) domain of human P-gp, but also the binding ability with it was verified. The clinical implication of our results for development of personalized therapy of colorectal cancer will be further studied.
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Li D, Liu S, Liu R, Zhou Y, Park R, Naga K, Krasnoperov V, Gill PS, Li Z, Shan H, Conti PS. EphB4-targeted imaging with antibody h131, h131-F(ab')2 and h131-Fab. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:4527-33. [PMID: 24147882 DOI: 10.1021/mp400354y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that overexpression of the tyrosine kinase receptor EphB4, a mediator of vascular development, is a novel target for tumor diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Noninvasive imaging of EphB4 expression could therefore be valuable for evaluating disease course and therapeutic efficacy at the earliest stages of anti-EphB4 treatment. In this study, we systematically investigated the use of anti-EphB4 antibody h131 (150 kDa) and its fragments (h131-F(ab')2, 110 kDa; h131-Fab, 50 kDa) for near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging of EphB4 expression in vivo. h131-F(ab')2 and h131-Fab were produced through pepsin and papain digestion of h131 respectively, whose purity was confirmed by FPLC and SDS-PAGE. After conjugation with Cy5.5, in vivo characteristics of h131, h131-F(ab')2 and h131-Fab were evaluated in EphB4-positive HT29 tumor model. Although h131-Cy5.5 demonstrated highest tumor uptake among these probes, its optimal tumor uptake level was obtained at 2 days post injection (p.i.). For h131-Fab-Cy5.5, maximum tumor uptake was achieved at 4 h p.i. However, no significant difference was observed between h131-Fab-Cy5.5 and hIgG-Fab-Cy5.5, indicating the tumor accumulation was mainly caused by passive targeting. In contrast, h131-F(ab')2-Cy5.5 demonstrated prominent tumor uptake at 6 h p.i. The target specificity was confirmed by hIgG-F(ab')2-Cy5.5 control and immunofluorescent staining. Collectively, h131-F(ab')2 exhibited prominent and specific tumor uptake at early time points, which suggests it is a promising agent for EphB4-targeted imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou, 510630, China
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De Vos J, Devoogdt N, Lahoutte T, Muyldermans S. Camelid single-domain antibody-fragment engineering for (pre)clinical in vivo molecular imaging applications: adjusting the bullet to its target. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:1149-60. [PMID: 23675652 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.800478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Molecular imaging is a fast developing field and there is a growing need for specific imaging tracers in the clinic. Camelid single-domain antibody-fragments (sdAbs) recently emerged as a new class of molecular imaging tracers. AREAS COVERED We review the importance of molecular imaging in the clinic and the use of camelid sdAbs as in vivo molecular imaging tracers. Interest in imaging tracers based on antibody fragments or man-made protein scaffolds expanded over the last years. Camelid sdAbs are small, monomeric binding fragments that are derived from unique heavy-chain-only antibodies. In vivo imaging studies with sdAbs targeting various cell membrane receptors in different disease models have been reported and more sdAb imaging tracers are under development. The first clinical trial with a camelid sdAb as a molecular imaging tracer targeting the breast cancer marker Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2 is currently ongoing. EXPERT OPINION We expect that the development and use of sdAbs as tracers for both preclinical and clinical molecular imaging applications will become widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens De Vos
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology (CMIM), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Building E.8, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Seifert O, Plappert A, Heidel N, Fellermeier S, Messerschmidt SKE, Richter F, Kontermann RE. The IgM CH2 domain as covalently linked homodimerization module for the generation of fusion proteins with dual specificity. Protein Eng Des Sel 2012; 25:603-12. [PMID: 22988132 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzs059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimeric assembly of antibody fragments and other therapeutic molecules can result in increased binding and improved bioactivity. Here, we investigated the use of the IgM heavy chain domain 2 (MHD2) as covalently linked homodimerization module. Fusion of single-chain fragment variable (scFv) molecules directed against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 to the N- and/or C-terminus of the MHD2, respectively, resulted in molecules with single or dual specificity for tumor cells. Bispecific tetravalent molecules were further generated by fusing a bispecific single-chain diabody directed against EGFR and epithelial cell adhesion molecule to the N-terminus of the MHD2. By combining an anti-EGFR scFv with a single-chain derivative of tumor necrosis factor, a tetravalent bifunctional fusion protein was produced. This fusion protein exhibited improved TNF activity, also mimicking the membrane-bound form of TNF, as shown by the activation of TNFR2-mediated cell killing. Furthermore, the scFv moiety allowed for an antigen-dependent delivery of TNF to EGFR-positive cells and an improved stimulatory TNF action on these cells. Thus, we established the MHD2 as a versatile module for the generation of bispecific and bifunctional fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Seifert
- Institut für Zellbiologie und Immunologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 31 Center Dr, 1C22, Bethesda, MD 20892-2281, USA
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Iqbal U, Albaghdadi H, Luo Y, Arbabi M, Desvaux C, Veres T, Stanimirovic D, Abulrob A. Molecular imaging of glioblastoma multiforme using anti-insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-7 single-domain antibodies. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:1606-16. [PMID: 20959824 PMCID: PMC2990581 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) is an abundant, selective and accessible biomarker of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumour vessels. In this study, an anti-IGFBP7 single-domain antibody (sdAb) was developed to target GBM vessels for molecular imaging applications. Methods: Human GBM was modelled in mice by intracranial implantation of U87MG.EGFRvIII cells. An anti-IGFBP7 sdAb, isolated from an immune llama library by panning, was assessed in vitro for its binding affinity using surface plasmon resonance and by ex vivo immunobinding on mouse and human GBM tissue. Tumour targeting by Cy5.5-labelled anti-IGFBP7 sdAb as well as by anti-IGFBP7 sdAb conjugated to PEGylated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs)-Cy5.5 were assessed in U87MG.EGFRvIII tumour-bearing mice in vivo using optical imaging and in brain sections using fluorescent microscopy. Results: Surface plasmon resonance analyses revealed a medium affinity (KD=40–50 nM) binding of the anti-IGFBP7 sdAb to the purified antigen. The anti-IGFBP7 sdAb also selectively bound to both mouse and human GBM vessels, but not normal brain vessels in tissue sections. In vivo, intravenously injected anti-IGFBP7 sdAb-Cy5.5 bound to GBM vessels creating high imaging signal in the intracranial tumour. Similarly, the anti-IGFBP7 sdAb-functionalised PEGylated Fe3O4 NP-Cy5.5 demonstrated enhanced tumour signal compared with non-targeted NPs. Fluorescent microscopy confirmed the presence of anti-IGFBP7 sdAb and anti-IGFBP7 sdAb-PEGylated Fe3O4 NPs selectively in GBM vessels. Conclusions: Anti-IGFBP7 sdAbs are novel GBM vessel-targeting moieties suitable for molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Iqbal
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
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