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Profiling 26,000 Aplysia californica neurons by single cell mass spectrometry reveal neuronal populations with distinct neuropeptide profiles. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102254. [PMID: 35835221 PMCID: PMC9396074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are a chemically diverse class of cell-to-cell signaling molecules that are widely expressed throughout the central nervous system, often in a cell-specific manner. While cell-to-cell differences in neuropeptides is expected, it is often unclear how exactly neuropeptide expression varies among neurons. Here we created a microscopy-guided, high-throughput single cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry approach to investigate the neuropeptide heterogeneity of individual neurons in the central nervous system of the neurobiological model Aplysia californica, the California sea hare. In all, we analyzed more than 26,000 neurons from 18 animals and assigned 866 peptides from 66 prohormones by mass matching against an in silico peptide library generated from known Aplysia prohormones retrieved from the UniProt database. Louvain–Jaccard (LJ) clustering of mass spectra from individual neurons revealed 40 unique neuronal populations, or LJ clusters, each with a distinct neuropeptide profile. Prohormones and their related peptides were generally found in single cells from ganglia consistent with the prohormones’ previously known ganglion localizations. Several LJ clusters also revealed the cellular colocalization of behaviorally related prohormones, such as an LJ cluster exhibiting achatin and neuropeptide Y, which are involved in feeding, and another cluster characterized by urotensin II, small cardiac peptide, sensorin A, and FRFa, which have shown activity in the feeding network or are present in the feeding musculature. This mass spectrometry–based approach enables the robust categorization of large cell populations based on single cell neuropeptide content and is readily adaptable to the study of a range of animals and tissue types.
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Shen M, Di G, Li M, Fu J, Dai Q, Miao X, Huang M, You W, Ke C. Proteomics Studies on the three Larval Stages of Development and Metamorphosis of Babylonia areolata. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6269. [PMID: 29674673 PMCID: PMC5908917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ivory shell, Babylonia areolata, is a commercially important aquaculture species in the southeast coast of mainland China. The middle veliger stage, later veliger stage, and juvenile stage are distinct larval stages in B. areolata development. In this study, we used label-free quantification proteomics analysis of the three developmental stages of B. areolata. We identified a total of 5,583 proteins, of which 1,419 proteins expression level showed significant differential expression. The results of gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the number of proteins involved in metabolic and cellular processes were the most abundant. Those proteins mostly had functions such as binding, catalytic activity and transporter activity. The results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that the number of proteins involved in the ribosome, carbon metabolism, and lysosome pathways were the most abundant, indicating that protein synthesis and the immune response were active during the three stages of development. This is the first study to use proteomics and real-time PCR to study the early developmental stages of B. areolata, which could provide relevant data on gastropod development. Our results provide insights into the novel aspects of protein function in shell formation, body torsion, changes in feeding habits, attachment and metamorphosis, immune-related activities in B. areolata larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.,Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, 570206, China
| | - Guilan Di
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China. .,College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jingqiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiulian Miao
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Miaoqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Weiwei You
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Caihuan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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Monje FJ, Divisch I, Demit M, Lubec G, Pollak DD. Flotillin-1 is an evolutionary-conserved memory-related protein up-regulated in implicit and explicit learning paradigms. Ann Med 2013; 45:301-7. [PMID: 23631399 PMCID: PMC3681089 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2013.770637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies of synaptic plasticity using the marine mollusk Aplysia californica as model system have been successfully used to identify proteins involved in learning and memory. The importance of molecular elements regulated by the learning- related neurotransmitter serotonin in Aplysia can then be explored in rodent models and finally tested for their relevance for human physiology and pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS Herein, 2-DE gel-based electrophoresis has been used to investigate protein level changes after treatment with serotonin in Aplysia abdominal ganglia. RESULTS Twenty-one proteins have been found to be regulated by serotonin, and protein level changes of actin depolymerizing factor (ADF), deleted in azoospermia associated protein (DAZAP-1), and Flotillin-1 have been verified by Western blotting. DISCUSSION Flotillin-1, a member of the flotillin/reggie family of scaffolding proteins, has been previously found to be involved in neuritic branching and synapse formation in hippocampal neurons in vitro. However, its importance for hippocampal- dependent learning and memory in the mouse has not been examined. Here, elevated levels of Flotillin-1 in hippocampal tissue of mice trained in the Morris water maze confirmed the relevance of Flotillin-1 for memory-related processes in a mammalian system. Thus, a translational approach-from invertebrates to rodents-led to the identification of Flotillin-1 as evolutionary-conserved memory-related protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Monje
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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Birner-Gruenberger R, Darnhofer B, Chen WQ, Monje FJ, Lubec G. Proteomic characterization of the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica-a protein resource for neuroscience. Proteomics 2012; 12:2482-6. [PMID: 22696492 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aplysia californica (AC) is a widely used model for testing learning and memory. Although ESTs have been generated, proteomics studies on AC proteins are limited. Studies at the protein level, however, are mandatory, not only due to the fact that studies at the nucleic acid level are not allowing conclusions about PTMs. A gel-based proteomics method was therefore applied to carry out protein profiling in abdominal ganglia from AC. Abdominal ganglia were extirpated, proteins extracted and run on 2DE with subsequent in-gel digestion with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and partially by subtilisin. Peptides were identified using a nano-LC-ESI-LTQ-FT-mass spectrometer. MS/MS data were analyzed by searching the NCBI nonredundant public AC EST database and the NCBI nonredundant public AC protein database. A total of 477 different proteins represented by 363 protein spots were detected and were assigned to different protein pathways as for instance signaling (receptors, protein kinases, and phosphatases), metabolism, protein synthesis, handling and degradation, cytoskeleton and structural, oxido-redox, heat shock and chaperone, hypothetical, predicted and unnamed proteins. The generation of a protein map of soluble proteins shows the existence of so far hypothetical and predicted proteins and is allowing and challenging further work at the protein level, in particular in the field of neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Proteomics Core Facility, Center for Medical Research and Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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Monje FJ, Birner-Gruenberger R, Darnhofer B, Divisch I, Pollak DD, Lubec G. Proteomics reveals selective regulation of proteins in response to memory-related serotonin stimulation in Aplysia californica
ganglia. Proteomics 2012; 12:490-9. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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