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Donadio V, Sturchio A, Rizzo G, Abu Rumeileh S, Liguori R, Espay AJ. Pathology vs pathogenesis: Rationale and pitfalls in the clinicopathology model of neurodegeneration. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 192:35-55. [PMID: 36796947 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85538-9.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
In neurodegenerative disorders, the term pathology is often implicitly referred to as pathogenesis. Pathology has been conceived as a window into the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. This clinicopathologic framework posits that what can be identified and quantified in postmortem brain tissue can explain both premortem clinical manifestations and the cause of death, a forensic approach to understanding neurodegeneration. As the century-old clinicopathology framework has yielded little correlation between pathology and clinical features or neuronal loss, the relationship between proteins and degeneration is ripe for revisitation. There are indeed two synchronous consequences of protein aggregation in neurodegeneration: the loss of the soluble/normal proteins on one; the accrual of the insoluble/abnormal fraction of these proteins on the other. The omission of the first part in the protein aggregation process is an artifact of the early autopsy studies: soluble, normal proteins have disappeared, with only the remaining insoluble fraction amenable to quantification. We here review the collective evidence from human data suggesting that protein aggregates, known collectively as pathology, are the consequence of many biological, toxic, and infectious exposures, but may not explain alone the cause or pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Donadio
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andrea Sturchio
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuro Svenningsson, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Giovanni Rizzo
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Samir Abu Rumeileh
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Rocco Liguori
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Clinica Neurologica, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto J Espay
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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2
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Jeitner TM, Kelly JM. Stabilization of guinea pig transglutaminase 2 solutions. Anal Biochem 2022; 657:114885. [PMID: 36113550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian transglutaminase 2 exhibits poor long-term stability in solution. Reconstituting lyophilized transglutaminase 2 in solutions containing dithiothreitol and EDTA alone and together with glycerol stabilizes the activity of this enzyme for several weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James M Kelly
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, United States
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3
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He S, Granot-Hershkovitz E, Zhang Y, Bressler J, Tarraf W, Yu B, Huang T, Zeng D, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Lamar M, Daviglus M, Marquine MJ, Cai J, Mosley T, Kaplan R, Boerwinkle E, Fornage M, DeCarli C, Kristal B, Gonzalez HM, Sofer T. Blood metabolites predicting mild cognitive impairment in the study of Latinos-investigation of neurocognitive aging (HCHS/SOL). ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 14:e12259. [PMID: 35229015 PMCID: PMC8865745 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Blood metabolomics‐based biomarkers may be useful to predict measures of neurocognitive aging. Methods We tested the association between 707 blood metabolites measured in 1451 participants from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and global cognitive change assessed 7 years later. We further used Lasso penalized regression to construct a metabolomics risk score (MRS) that predicts MCI, potentially identifying a different set of metabolites than those discovered in individual‐metabolite analysis. Results We identified 20 metabolites predicting prevalent MCI and/or global cognitive change. Six of them were novel and 14 were previously reported as associated with neurocognitive aging outcomes. The MCI MRS comprised 61 metabolites and improved prediction accuracy from 84% (minimally adjusted model) to 89% in the entire dataset and from 75% to 87% among apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers. Discussion Blood metabolites may serve as biomarkers identifying individuals at risk for MCI among US Hispanics/Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Einat Granot-Hershkovitz
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA.,Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA
| | - Wassim Tarraf
- Institute of Gerontology Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA
| | - Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA
| | - Tianyi Huang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Donglin Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health Department of Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA
| | - Melissa Lamar
- Department of Medicine Institute for Minority Health Research University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois USA.,Rush Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Rush University Medical Center Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Department of Medicine Institute for Minority Health Research University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Maria J Marquine
- Department of Psychiatry University of California, San Diego San Diego California USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Thomas Mosley
- Department of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson Mississippi USA
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health Department of Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx New York USA.,Division of Public Health Sciences Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle Washington USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine McGovern Medical School The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Houston Texas USA
| | - Charles DeCarli
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Center University of California, Davis Sacramento California USA
| | - Bruce Kristal
- Burke Medical Research Institute, White Plains New York USA.,Departments of Biochemistry and Neuroscience Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York New York USA
| | - Hector M Gonzalez
- Department of Neurosciences and Shiley-Marcos Alzheimer's Disease Center University of California, San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts USA.,Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA.,Department of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
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4
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Schulze-Krebs A, Canneva F, Stemick J, Plank AC, Harrer J, Bates GP, Aeschlimann D, Steffan JS, von Hörsten S. Transglutaminase 6 Is Colocalized and Interacts with Mutant Huntingtin in Huntington Disease Rodent Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8914. [PMID: 34445621 PMCID: PMC8396294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian transglutaminases (TGs) catalyze calcium-dependent irreversible posttranslational modifications of proteins and their enzymatic activities contribute to the pathogenesis of several human neurodegenerative diseases. Although different transglutaminases are found in many different tissues, the TG6 isoform is mostly expressed in the CNS. The present study was embarked on/undertaken to investigate expression, distribution and activity of transglutaminases in Huntington disease transgenic rodent models, with a focus on analyzing the involvement of TG6 in the age- and genotype-specific pathological features relating to disease progression in HD transgenic mice and a tgHD transgenic rat model using biochemical, histological and functional assays. Our results demonstrate the physical interaction between TG6 and (mutant) huntingtin by co-immunoprecipitation analysis and the contribution of its enzymatic activity for the total aggregate load in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, we identify that TG6 expression and activity are especially abundant in the olfactory tubercle and piriform cortex, the regions displaying the highest amount of mHTT aggregates in transgenic rodent models of HD. Furthermore, mHTT aggregates were colocalized within TG6-positive cells. These findings point towards a role of TG6 in disease pathogenesis via mHTT aggregate formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schulze-Krebs
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, University Hospital Erlangen (UKEr), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.C.); (A.-C.P.); (J.H.); (S.v.H.)
| | - Fabio Canneva
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, University Hospital Erlangen (UKEr), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.C.); (A.-C.P.); (J.H.); (S.v.H.)
| | - Judith Stemick
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen (UKEr), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Anne-Christine Plank
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, University Hospital Erlangen (UKEr), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.C.); (A.-C.P.); (J.H.); (S.v.H.)
| | - Julia Harrer
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, University Hospital Erlangen (UKEr), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.C.); (A.-C.P.); (J.H.); (S.v.H.)
| | - Gillian P. Bates
- Huntington’s Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
| | - Daniel Aeschlimann
- Matrix Biology and Tissue Repair Research Unit, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK;
| | - Joan S. Steffan
- Institute of Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, University Hospital Erlangen (UKEr), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (F.C.); (A.-C.P.); (J.H.); (S.v.H.)
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5
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Marsili L, Sharma J, Espay AJ, Migazzi A, Abdelghany E, Hill EJ, Duque KR, Hagen MC, Stephen CD, Kovacs GG, Lang AE, Hadjivassiliou M, Basso M, Kauffman MA, Sturchio A. Neither a Novel Tau Proteinopathy nor an Expansion of a Phenotype: Reappraising Clinicopathology-Based Nosology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147292. [PMID: 34298918 PMCID: PMC8329925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The gold standard for classification of neurodegenerative diseases is postmortem histopathology; however, the diagnostic odyssey of this case challenges such a clinicopathologic model. We evaluated a 60-year-old woman with a 7-year history of a progressive dystonia–ataxia syndrome with supranuclear gaze palsy, suspected to represent Niemann–Pick disease Type C. Postmortem evaluation unexpectedly demonstrated neurodegeneration with 4-repeat tau deposition in a distribution diagnostic of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Whole-exome sequencing revealed a new heterozygous variant in TGM6, associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 35 (SCA35). This novel TGM6 variant reduced transglutaminase activity in vitro, suggesting it was pathogenic. This case could be interpreted as expanding: (1) the PSP phenotype to include a spinocerebellar variant; (2) SCA35 as a tau proteinopathy; or (3) TGM6 as a novel genetic variant underlying a SCA35 phenotype with PSP pathology. None of these interpretations seem adequate. We instead hypothesize that impairment in the crosslinking of tau by the TGM6-encoded transglutaminase enzyme may compromise tau functionally and structurally, leading to its aggregation in a pattern currently classified as PSP. The lessons from this case study encourage a reassessment of our clinicopathology-based nosology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marsili
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; (J.S.); (A.J.E.); (E.A.); (E.J.H.); (K.R.D.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(513)558-4050
| | - Jennifer Sharma
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; (J.S.); (A.J.E.); (E.A.); (E.J.H.); (K.R.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Alberto J. Espay
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; (J.S.); (A.J.E.); (E.A.); (E.J.H.); (K.R.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Alice Migazzi
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Neurobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Elhusseini Abdelghany
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; (J.S.); (A.J.E.); (E.A.); (E.J.H.); (K.R.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Emily J. Hill
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; (J.S.); (A.J.E.); (E.A.); (E.J.H.); (K.R.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Kevin R. Duque
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; (J.S.); (A.J.E.); (E.A.); (E.J.H.); (K.R.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Matthew C. Hagen
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA;
| | - Christopher D. Stephen
- Ataxia Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Gabor G. Kovacs
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CRND), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 60 Leonard Ave, Krembil Discovery Tower, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada;
- Laboratory Medicine Program and Krembil Brain Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 1M8, Canada
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease, Rossy Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Program and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada;
| | - Anthony E. Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease, Rossy Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Program and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada;
| | - Marios Hadjivassiliou
- Academic Department of Neurosciences, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK;
| | - Manuela Basso
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Neurobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (A.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Marcelo A. Kauffman
- Consultorio y Laboratorio de Neurogenética, Centro Universitario de Neurología José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires C1221ADC, Argentina;
| | - Andrea Sturchio
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA; (J.S.); (A.J.E.); (E.A.); (E.J.H.); (K.R.D.); (A.S.)
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6
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Cystamine and cysteamine as inhibitors of transglutaminase activity in vivo. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180691. [PMID: 30054429 PMCID: PMC6123069 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystamine is commonly used as a transglutaminase inhibitor. This disulphide undergoes reduction in vivo to the aminothiol compound, cysteamine. Thus, the mechanism by which cystamine inhibits transglutaminase activity in vivo could be due to either cystamine or cysteamine, which depends on the local redox environment. Cystamine inactivates transglutaminases by promoting the oxidation of two vicinal cysteine residues on the enzyme to an allosteric disulphide, whereas cysteamine acts as a competitive inhibitor for transamidation reactions catalyzed by this enzyme. The latter mechanism is likely to result in the formation of a unique biomarker, N-(γ-glutamyl)cysteamine that could serve to indicate how cyst(e)amine acts to inhibit transglutaminases inside cells and the body.
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7
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Yang J, Sun-Waterhouse D, Cui C, Dong K, Zhao M. γ
-Glu-Met synthesised using a bacterial glutaminase as a potential inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Chun Cui
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Keming Dong
- Guangdong Weiwei Biotechnology Co., LTD.; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
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8
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Currò M, Gangemi C, Giunta ML, Ferlazzo N, Navarra M, Ientile R, Caccamo D. Transglutaminase 2 is involved in amyloid-beta1–42-induced pro-inflammatory activation via AP1/JNK signalling pathways in THP-1 monocytes. Amino Acids 2016; 49:659-669. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Thangaraju K, Biri B, Schlosser G, Kiss B, Nyitray L, Fésüs L, Király R. Real-time kinetic method to monitor isopeptidase activity of transglutaminase 2 on protein substrate. Anal Biochem 2016; 505:36-42. [PMID: 27131890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional protein with Ca(2+)-dependent transamidase activity forming protease-resistant N(ε)-(γ-glutamyl) lysine crosslinks between proteins. It can also function as an isopeptidase cleaving the previously formed crosslinks. The biological significance of this activity has not been revealed yet, mainly because of the lack of a protein-based method for its characterization. Here we report the development of a novel kinetic method for measuring isopeptidase activity of human TG2 by monitoring decrease in the fluorescence polarization of a protein substrate previously formed by crosslinking fluorescently labeled glutamine donor FLpepT26 to S100A4 at a specific lysine residue. The developed method could be applied to test mutant enzymes and compounds that influence isopeptidase activity of TG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiruphagaran Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Biri
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nyitray
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Fésüs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary; MTA-DE Stem Cell, Apoptosis, and Genomics Research Group of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Róbert Király
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary.
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10
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Lai TS, Lin CJ, Greenberg CS. Role of tissue transglutaminase-2 (TG2)-mediated aminylation in biological processes. Amino Acids 2016; 49:501-515. [PMID: 27270573 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational modification (PTM) is an important mechanism in modulating a protein's structure and can lead to substantial diversity in biological function. Compared to other forms of PTMs such as phosphorylation, acetylation and glycosylation, the physiological significance of aminylation is limited. Aminylation refers to the covalent incorporation of biogenic/polyamines into target protein by calcium-dependent transglutaminases (TGs). The development of novel and more sensitive techniques has led to more proteins identified as tissue transglutaminase (TG2) substrates and potential targets for aminylation. Many of these substrate proteins play a role in cell signaling, cytoskeleton organization, muscle contraction, and inflammation. TG2 is well studied and widely expressed in a variety of tissues and will be the primary focus of this review on recent advance in transglutaminase-mediated aminylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thung-S Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Jhong-Jheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist, New Taipei City, 25200, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Cheng-Jui Lin
- Nephrology/Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Nursing and Management, Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Charles S Greenberg
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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11
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Schulze-Krebs A, Canneva F, Schnepf R, Dobner J, Dieterich W, von Hörsten S. In situ enzymatic activity of transglutaminase isoforms on brain tissue sections of rodents: A new approach to monitor differences in post-translational protein modifications during neurodegeneration. Brain Res 2015; 1631:22-33. [PMID: 26616340 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian transglutaminases (TGs) catalyze the irreversible post-translational modifications of proteins, the most prominent of which is the calcium-dependent formation of covalent acyl transfers between the γ-carboxamide group of glutamine and the ε-amino-group of lysine (GGEL-linkage). In the central nervous system, at least four TG isoforms are present and some of them are differentially expressed under pathological conditions in human patients. However, the precise TG-isoform-dependent enzymatic activities in the brain as well as their anatomical distribution are unknown. Specificity of the used biotinylated peptides was analyzed using an in vitro assay. Isoform-specific TG activity was evaluated in in vitro and in situ studies, using brain extracts and native brain tissue obtained from rodents. Our method allowed us to reveal in vitro and in situ TG-isoform-dependent enzymatic activity in brain extracts and tissue of rats and mice, with a specific focus on TG6. In situ activity of this isoform varied between BACHD mice in comparison to their wt controls. TG isozyme-specific activity can be detected by isoform-specific biotinylated peptides in brain tissue sections of rodents to reveal differences in the anatomical and/or subcellular distribution of TG activity. Our findings yield the basis for a broader application of this method for the screening of pathological expression and activity of TGs in a variety of animal models of human diseases, as in the case of neurodegenerative conditions such as Huntington׳s, Parkinson׳s and Alzheimer׳s, where protein modification is involved as a key mechanism of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schulze-Krebs
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Fabio Canneva
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schnepf
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Dobner
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Walburga Dieterich
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Experimental Therapy, Preclinical Experimental Center, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Remaining Mysteries of Molecular Biology: The Role of Polyamines in the Cell. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3389-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Uncovering protein polyamination by the spermine-specific antiserum and mass spectrometric analysis. Amino Acids 2014; 47:469-81. [PMID: 25471600 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1879-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The polyamines spermidine and spermine, and their precursor putrescine, have been shown to play an important role in cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Because of their polycationic property, polyamines are traditionally thought to be involved in DNA replication, gene expression, and protein translation. However, polyamines can also be covalently conjugated to proteins by transglutaminase 2 (TG2). This modification leads to an increase in positive charge in the polyamine-incorporated region which significantly alters the structure of proteins. It is anticipated that protein polyamine conjugation may affect the protein-protein interaction, protein localization, and protein function of the TG2 substrates. In order to investigate the roles of polyamine modification, we synthesized a spermine-conjugated antigen and generated an antiserum against spermine. In vitro TG2-catalyzed spermine incorporation assays were carried out to show that actin, tubulins, heat shock protein 70 and five types of histone proteins were modified with spermine, and modification sites were also identified by liquid chromatography and linear ion trap-orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometry. Subsequent mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomic analysis also identified 254 polyaminated sites in 233 proteins from the HeLa cell lysate catalyzed by human TG2 with spermine, thus allowing, for the first time, a global appraisal of site-specific protein polyamination. Global analysis of mouse tissues showed that this modification really exists in vivo. Importantly, we have demonstrated that there is a new histone modification, polyamination, in cells. However, the functional significance of histone polyamination demands further investigations.
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14
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Oono M, Okado-Matsumoto A, Shodai A, Ido A, Ohta Y, Abe K, Ayaki T, Ito H, Takahashi R, Taniguchi N, Urushitani M. Transglutaminase 2 accelerates neuroinflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through interaction with misfolded superoxide dismutase 1. J Neurochem 2013; 128:403-18. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Oono
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu Shiga Japan
- Department of Neurology; Kyoto University Graduate school of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | | | - Akemi Shodai
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu Shiga Japan
| | - Akemi Ido
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu Shiga Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohta
- Department of Neurology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology; Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine; Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences; Okayama Japan
| | - Takashi Ayaki
- Department of Neurology; Kyoto University Graduate school of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | - Hidefumi Ito
- Department of Neurology; Wakayama Medical University; Graduate School of Medicine; Wakayama Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology; Kyoto University Graduate school of Medicine; Kyoto Japan
| | | | - Makoto Urushitani
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu Shiga Japan
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15
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Kumar A, Kneynsberg A, Tucholski J, Perry G, van Groen T, Detloff PJ, Lesort M. Tissue transglutaminase overexpression does not modify the disease phenotype of the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease. Exp Neurol 2012; 237:78-89. [PMID: 22698685 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a devastating autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder initiated by an abnormally expanded polyglutamine in the huntingtin protein. Determining the contribution of specific factors to the pathogenesis of HD should provide rational targets for therapeutic intervention. One suggested contributor is the type 2 transglutaminase (TG2), a multifunctional calcium dependent enzyme. A role for TG2 in HD has been suggested because a polypeptide-bound glutamine is a rate-limiting factor for a TG2-catalyzed reaction, and TG2 can cross-link mutant huntingtin in vitro. Further, TG2 is up regulated in brain areas affected in HD. The objective of this study was to further examine the contribution of TG2 as a potential modifier of HD pathogenesis and its validity as a therapeutic target in HD. In particular our goal was to determine whether an increase in TG2 level, as documented in human HD brains, modulates the well-characterized phenotype of the R6/2 HD mouse model. To accomplish this objective a genetic cross was performed between R6/2 mice and an established transgenic mouse line that constitutively expresses human TG2 (hTG2) under control of the prion promoter. Constitutive expression of hTG2 did not affect the onset and progression of the behavioral and neuropathological HD phenotype of R6/2 mice. We found no alterations in body weight changes, rotarod performances, grip strength, overall activity, and no significant effect on the neuropathological features of R6/2 mice. Overall the results of this study suggest that an increase in hTG2 expression does not significantly modify the pathology of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA
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