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Metabolomic analysis shows dysregulation in amino acid and NAD+ metabolism in palmitate treated hepatocytes and plasma of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease spectrum. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 643:129-138. [PMID: 36603530 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There is an alarming increase in incidence of fatty liver disease worldwide. The fatty liver disease spectrum disease ranges from simple steatosis (NAFL) to steatohepatitis (NASH) which culminates in cirrhosis and cancer. Altered metabolism is a hallmark feature associated with fatty liver disease and palmitic acid is the most abundant saturated fatty acid, therefore, the aim of this study was to compare metabolic profiles altered in hepatocytes treated with palmitic acid and also the differentially expressed plasma metabolites in spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver. The metabolites were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) platform. Hepatocyte cell lines PH5CH8 and HepG2 cells when treated with 400 μM dose of palmitic acid showed typical features of steatosis. Metabolomic analysis of lipid treated hepatocyte cell lines showed differential changes in phenylalanine and tyrosine pathways, fatty acid metabolism and bile acids. The key metabolites tryptophan, kynurenine and carnitine differed significantly between subjects with NAFL, NASH and those with cirrhosis. As the tryptophan-kynurenine axis is also involved in denovo synthesis of NAD+, we found significant alterations in the NAD+ related metabolites in both palmitic acid treated and also fatty liver disease with cirrhosis. The study underscores the importance of amino acid and NAD+supplementation as promising strategies in fatty liver disorder.
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Physical Interaction between Embryonic Stem Cell-Expressed Ras (ERas) and Arginase-1 in Quiescent Hepatic Stellate Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030508. [PMID: 35159317 PMCID: PMC8834437 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell-expressed Ras (ERas) is an atypical constitutively active member of the Ras family and controls distinct signaling pathways, which are critical, for instance, for the maintenance of quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Unlike classical Ras paralogs, ERas has a unique N-terminal extension (Nex) with as yet unknown function. In this study, we employed affinity pull-down and quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analyses and identified 76 novel binding proteins for human and rat ERas Nex peptides, localized in different subcellular compartments and involved in various cellular processes. One of the identified Nex-binding proteins is the nonmitochondrial, cytosolic arginase 1 (ARG1), a key enzyme of the urea cycle and involved in the de novo synthesis of polyamines, such as spermidine and spermine. Here, we show, for the first time, a high-affinity interaction between ERas Nex and purified ARG1 as well as their subcellular colocalization. The inhibition of ARG1 activity strikingly accelerates the activation of HSCs ex vivo, suggesting a central role of ARG1 activity in the maintenance of HSC quiescence.
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Geck RC, Foley JR, Murray Stewart T, Asara JM, Casero RA, Toker A. Inhibition of the polyamine synthesis enzyme ornithine decarboxylase sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to cytotoxic chemotherapy. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6263-6277. [PMID: 32139506 PMCID: PMC7212655 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is limited by a lack of effective molecular therapies targeting this disease. Recent studies have identified metabolic alterations in cancer cells that can be targeted to improve responses to standard-of-care chemotherapy regimens. Using MDA-MB-468 and SUM-159PT TNBC cells, along with LC-MS/MS and HPLC metabolomics profiling, we found here that exposure of TNBC cells to the cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin alter arginine and polyamine metabolites. This alteration was because of a reduction in the levels and activity of a rate-limiting polyamine biosynthetic enzyme, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Using gene silencing and inhibitor treatments, we determined that the reduction in ODC was mediated by its negative regulator antizyme, targeting ODC to the proteasome for degradation. Treatment with the ODC inhibitor difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) sensitized TNBC cells to chemotherapy, but this was not observed in receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Moreover, TNBC cell lines had greater sensitivity to single-agent DFMO, and ODC levels were elevated in TNBC patient samples. The alterations in polyamine metabolism in response to chemotherapy, as well as DFMO-induced preferential sensitization of TNBC cells to chemotherapy, reported here suggest that ODC may be a targetable metabolic vulnerability in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee C Geck
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jackson R Foley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - John M Asara
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Robert A Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Alex Toker
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
- Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Zhou S, Gu J, Liu R, Wei S, Wang Q, Shen H, Dai Y, Zhou H, Zhang F, Lu L. Spermine Alleviates Acute Liver Injury by Inhibiting Liver-Resident Macrophage Pro-Inflammatory Response Through ATG5-Dependent Autophagy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:948. [PMID: 29770139 PMCID: PMC5940752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver-resident macrophages (Kupffer cells, KCs) and autophagy play critical roles in the pathogenesis of toxin-induced liver injury. Recent evidence indicates that autophagy can regulate macrophage M1/M2 polarization under different inflammatory conditions. Polyamines, including putrescine, spermidine, and spermine (SPM), are polycations with anti-oxidative, anti-aging, and cell autophagy induction properties. This study aimed to determine the mechanisms by which SPM protects against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced acute liver injury in a mouse model. Pretreatment with SPM significantly alleviated liver injury and reduced intrahepatic inflammation in TAA-induced liver injury compared to controls. SPM markedly inhibited M1 polarization, but promoted M2 polarization of KCs obtained from TAA-exposed livers, as evidenced by decreased IL-1β and iNOS gene induction but increased Arg-1 and Mrc-1 gene induction accompanied by decreased STAT1 activation and increased STAT6 activation. Furthermore, pretreatment with SPM enhanced autophagy, as revealed by increased LC3B-II levels, decreased p62 protein expression, and increased ATG5 protein expression in TAA-treated KCs. Knockdown of ATG5 in SPM-pretreated KCs by siRNA resulted in a significant increase in pro-inflammatory TNF-α and IL-6 secretion and decreased anti-inflammatory IL-10 secretion after TAA treatment, while no significant changes were observed in cytokine production in the TAA treatment alone. Additionally, the effect of SPM on regulation of KC M1/M2 polarization was abolished by ATG5 knockdown in TAA-exposed KCs. Finally, in vivo ATG5 knockdown in KCs abrogated the protective effect of SPM against TAA-induced acute liver injury. Our results indicate that SPM-mediated autophagy inhibits M1 polarization, while promoting M2 polarization of KCs in TAA-treated livers via upregulation of ATG5 expression, leading to attenuated liver injury. This study provides a novel target for the prevention of acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhou
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Wei
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Okumura S, Teratani T, Fujimoto Y, Zhao X, Tsuruyama T, Masano Y, Kasahara N, Iida T, Yagi S, Uemura T, Kaido T, Uemoto S. Oral administration of polyamines ameliorates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury and promotes liver regeneration in rats. Liver Transpl 2016; 22:1231-44. [PMID: 27102080 DOI: 10.1002/lt.24471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are essential for cell growth and differentiation. They play important roles in protection from liver damage and promotion of liver regeneration. However, little is known about the effect of oral exogenous polyamine administration on liver damage and regeneration. This study investigated the impact of polyamines (spermidine and spermine) on ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and liver regeneration. We used a rat model in which a 70% hepatectomy after 40 minutes of ischemia was performed to mimic the clinical condition of living donor partial liver transplantation (LT). Male Lewis rats were separated into 2 groups: a polyamine group given polyamines before and after operation as treatment and a vehicle group given distilled water as placebo. The levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase at 6, 24, and 48 hours after reperfusion were significantly lower in the polyamine group compared with those in the vehicle group. Polyamine treatment reduced the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines at 6 hours after reperfusion. Histological analysis showed significantly less necrosis and apoptosis in the polyamine group at 6 hours after reperfusion. Sinusoidal endothelial cells were also well preserved in the polyamine group. In addition, the regeneration of the remnant liver at 24, 48, and 168 hours after reperfusion was significantly accelerated, and the Ki-67 labeling index and the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein at 24 hours after reperfusion were significantly higher in the polyamine group compared with those in the vehicle group. In conclusion, perioperative oral polyamine administration attenuates liver IRI and promotes liver regeneration. It might be a new therapeutic option to improve the outcomes of partial LT. Liver Transplantation 22 1231-1244 2016 AASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Okumura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takumi Teratani
- Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujimoto
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Shizuoka Municipal Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Xiangdong Zhao
- Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Tsuruyama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Masano
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Kasahara
- Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Taku Iida
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yagi
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Uemura
- Transplant Institute, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Toshimi Kaido
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Analysis of polyamines in biological samples by HPLC involving pre-column derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde and N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1557-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Polyamines are ubiquitous and essential components of mammalian cells. They have multiple functions including critical roles in nucleic acid and protein synthesis, gene expression, protein function, protection from oxidative damage, the regulation of ion channels, and maintenance of the structure of cellular macromolecules. It is essential to maintain a correct level of polyamines, and this amount is tightly regulated at the levels of transport, synthesis, and degradation. Catabolic pathways generate reactive aldehydes including acrolein and hydrogen peroxide via a number of oxidases. These metabolites, particularly those from spermine, can cause significant toxicity with damage to proteins, DNA, and other cellular components. Their production can be increased as a result of infection or cell damage that releases free polyamines and activates the oxidative catabolic pathways. Since polyamines also have an important physiological role in protection from oxidative damage, the reduction in polyamine content may exacerbate the toxic potential of these agents. Increases in polyamine catabolism have been implicated in the development of diseases including stroke, other neurological diseases, renal failure, liver disease, and cancer. These results provide new opportunities for the early diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Pegg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, United States
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