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Immel JR, Alghafli BM, Rodríguez Ugalde AA, Bloom S. Aqueous Flavin Photoredox Catalysis Drives Exclusive C3-Alkylation of Indolyl Radical Cations in Route to Unnatural Tryptophan Mimetics. Org Lett 2023; 25:3818-3822. [PMID: 37191639 PMCID: PMC11055211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
One way to build chemical diversity into indoles is to oxidize them to indolyl radical cations (Ind•+). These intermediates can accept new functional groups across C2-C3 bonds or independently at C2. Less encountered is selective diversification at C3, a position plagued by competing dearomative side reactions. We disclose an aqueous photoredox-catalyzed method for transforming Ind•+ into C3-substituted tryptophan mimetics that uses water as a transient protecting group to guide site-selective C3 alkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Immel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Gray Little Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Bayan M Alghafli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Gray Little Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Allen Alonso Rodríguez Ugalde
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Gray Little Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Steven Bloom
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Gray Little Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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2
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Zhang M, Zhao P, Yuan H, Zhang A, Zhang W, Zheng L, Wu D, Liu L. Ag-Catalyzed Reactions of 3-Trifluoroacetyl Indoles and Isocyano- acetates: An Efficient Process to (Z)-β-Trifluoromethylated Dehydrotryptophan Derivatives. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202008023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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General synthesis of unnatural 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-bromo-d-tryptophans by means of a regioselective indole alkylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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4
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Bartoccini F, Mari M, Retini M, Galarini R, Bartolucci S, Piersanti G. Single‐Step Synthesis of Dehydroalanine Derivatives via a Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Michele Mari
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Michele Retini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Roberta Galarini
- Centro Sviluppo e Validazione MetodiIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati” Via G. Salvemini 1 06126 Perugia, PG Italy
| | - Silvia Bartolucci
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino, PU Italy
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Bartoccini F, Venturi S, Retini M, Mari M, Piersanti G. Total Synthesis of (−)-Clavicipitic Acid via γ,γ-Dimethylallyltryptophan (DMAT) and Chemoselective C–H Hydroxylation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8027-8034. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Silvia Venturi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Michele Retini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Michele Mari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
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De Marco R, Zhao J, Greco A, Ioannone S, Gentilucci L. In-Peptide Synthesis of Imidazolidin-2-one Scaffolds, Equippable with Proteinogenic or Taggable/Linkable Side Chains, General Promoters of Unusual Secondary Structures. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4992-5004. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella De Marco
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Greco
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Ioannone
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Bartoccini F, Mari M, Retini M, Bartolucci S, Piersanti G. Organocatalytic Aza-Friedel-Crafts/Lactonization Domino Reaction of Naphthols and Phenols with 2-Acetamidoacrylate to Naphtho- and Benzofuranones Bearing a Quaternary Center at the C3 Position. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12275-12283. [PMID: 30191715 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
N-Acetyl ketimine generated from methyl 2-acetamidoacrylate was explored to develop an unprecedented domino aza-Friedel-Crafts/lactonization reaction with naphthols and phenols (including 5-hydroxyindoles). This novel method requires a catalyst loading of only 5 mol % of a phosphoric acid catalyst and provides a new series of 3-NHAc-naphtho- and benzofuranone derivatives bearing tetra-substituted stereogenic centers in moderate-to-good yields. The enantioselective variant using BINOL-derived phosphoric acids was also explored with 1-naphthol, providing the desired product with moderate enantioselectivities (up to 99:1 following recrystallization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" , P.zza Rinascimento 6 , 61029 Urbino , PU , Italy
| | - Michele Mari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" , P.zza Rinascimento 6 , 61029 Urbino , PU , Italy
| | - Michele Retini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" , P.zza Rinascimento 6 , 61029 Urbino , PU , Italy
| | - Silvia Bartolucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" , P.zza Rinascimento 6 , 61029 Urbino , PU , Italy
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" , P.zza Rinascimento 6 , 61029 Urbino , PU , Italy
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Tryptophan-Containing Non-Cationizable Opioid Peptides - a new chemotype with unusual structure and in vivo activity. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:2099-2115. [PMID: 29130348 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a new family of opioid peptides containing tryptophan came to the spotlight for the absence of the fundamental protonable tyramine 'message' pharmacophore. Structure-activity relationship investigations led to diverse compounds, characterized by different selectivity profiles and agonist or antagonist effects. Substitution at the indole of Trp clearly impacted peripheral/central antinociceptivity. These peculiarities prompted to gather all the compounds in a new class, and to coin the definition 'Tryptophan-Containing Non-Cationizable Opioid Peptides', in short 'TryCoNCOPs'. Molecular docking analysis suggested that the TryCoNCOPs can still interact with the receptors in an agonist-like fashion. However, most TryCoNCOPs showed significant differences between the in vitro and in vivo activities, suggesting that opioid activity may be elicited also via alternative mechanisms.
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Staś M, Bujak M, Broda MA, Siodłak D. Conformational preferences and synthesis of isomers Z and E of oxazole-dehydrophenylalanine. Biopolymers 2017; 106:283-94. [PMID: 27061820 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dehydrophenylalanine, ΔPhe, is the most commonly studied α,β-dehydroamino acid. In nature, further modifications of the α,β-dehydroamino acids were found, for example, replacement of the C-terminal amide group by oxazole ring. The conformational properties of oxazole-dehydrophenylalanine residue (ΔPhe-Ozl), both isomers Z and E, were investigated. To determine all possible conformations, theoretical calculations were performed using Ac-(Z/E)-ΔPhe-Ozl(4-Me) model compounds at M06-2X/6-31++G(d,p) level of theory. Ac-(Z/E)-ΔPhe-Ozl-4-COOEt compounds were synthesized and the conformational preferences of each isomer, Z and E, were investigated using FTIR and NMR-NOE in solutions of increasing polarity (CHCl3 , DMSO-d6). The solid-state low-temperature structures of Ac-(Z)-ΔPhe-Ozl-4-COOEt and its intermediate analog Ac-(Z)-ΔPhe-Ozn(4-OH)-4-COOEt were also determined. In a weakly polar environment, the ΔPhe-Ozl residue has a tendency to adopt the conformation β2 with the calculated φ and ψ angles of -127° and 0° for the isomer Z and -170° and 26° for the isomer E. The increase of environment polarity favors the helical conformation α and the beta-turn like conformation β, but the conformation β2 seems to be still accessible. The (E)-ΔPhe-Ozl residue can be obtained from the isomer Z in photoisomerization reaction. However, hydroxyl-oxazoline-dehydrophenylalanine ΔPhe-Ozn(4-OH) decomposes in such conditions. Alternatively, (E)-ΔPhe-NH2 can be applied as a substrate in the Hantzsch reaction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 283-294, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Staś
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, Opole, 45-052, Poland
| | - Maciej Bujak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, Opole, 45-052, Poland
| | - Małgorzata A Broda
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, Opole, 45-052, Poland
| | - Dawid Siodłak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, Opole, 45-052, Poland
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De Marco R, Bedini A, Spampinato S, Cavina L, Pirazzoli E, Gentilucci L. Versatile Picklocks To Access All Opioid Receptors: Tuning the Selectivity and Functional Profile of the Cyclotetrapeptide c[Phe-d-Pro-Phe-Trp] (CJ-15,208). J Med Chem 2016; 59:9255-9261. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella De Marco
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Bedini
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio
48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Santi Spampinato
- Department
of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio
48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cavina
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Pirazzoli
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Gentilucci
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Bartoccini F, Bartolucci S, Mari M, Piersanti G. A simple, modular synthesis of C4-substituted tryptophan derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10095-10100. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01791f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward, rapid, versatile, regio- and chemoselective approach for the synthesis of C4-substituted tryptophan derivatives is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”
- 61029 Urbino
- Italy
| | - S. Bartolucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”
- 61029 Urbino
- Italy
| | - M. Mari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”
- 61029 Urbino
- Italy
| | - G. Piersanti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences
- University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”
- 61029 Urbino
- Italy
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