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Lee JH, Ayoola MB, Shack LA, Swiatlo E, Nanduri B. Characterization of an Arginine Decarboxylase from Streptococcus pneumoniae by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Biomolecules 2024; 14:463. [PMID: 38672479 PMCID: PMC11048482 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are polycations derived from amino acids that play an important role in proliferation and growth in almost all living cells. In Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus), modulation of polyamine metabolism not only plays an important regulatory role in central metabolism, but also impacts virulence factors such as the capsule and stress responses that affect survival in the host. However, functional annotation of enzymes from the polyamine biosynthesis pathways in the pneumococcus is based predominantly on computational prediction. In this study, we cloned SP_0166, predicted to be a pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylase, from the Orn/Lys/Arg family pathway in S. pneumoniae TIGR4 and expressed and purified the recombinant protein. We performed biochemical characterization of the recombinant SP_0166 and confirmed the substrate specificity. For polyamine analysis, we developed a simultaneous quantitative method using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) without derivatization. SP_0166 has apparent Km, kcat, and kcat/Km values of 11.3 mM, 715,053 min-1, and 63,218 min-1 mM-1, respectively, with arginine as a substrate at pH 7.5. We carried out inhibition studies of SP_0166 enzymatic activity with arginine as a substrate using chemical inhibitors DFMO and DFMA. DFMO is an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase activity, while DFMA inhibits arginine decarboxylase activity. Our findings confirm that SP_0166 is inhibited by DFMA and DFMO, impacting agmatine production. The use of arginine as a substrate revealed that the synthesis of putrescine by agmatinase and N-carbamoylputrescine by agmatine deiminase were both affected and inhibited by DFMA. This study provides experimental validation that SP_0166 is an arginine decarboxylase in pneumococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hwa Lee
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Moses B. Ayoola
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Leslie A. Shack
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Edwin Swiatlo
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Bindu Nanduri
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
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2
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Feng Q, Wang H, Shao Y, Xu X. Antizyme inhibitor family: biological and translational research implications. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:11. [PMID: 38169396 PMCID: PMC10762828 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of polyamines is of critical importance to physiological processes. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) antizyme inhibitors (AZINs) are capable of interacting with antizymes (AZs), thereby releasing ODC from ODC-AZs complex, and promote polyamine biosynthesis. AZINs regulate reproduction, embryonic development, fibrogenesis and tumorigenesis through polyamine and other signaling pathways. Dysregulation of AZINs has involved in multiple human diseases, especially malignant tumors. Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is the most common type of post-transcriptional nucleotide modification in humans. Additionally, the high frequencies of RNA-edited AZIN1 in human cancers correlates with increase of cancer cell proliferation, enhancement of cancer cell stemness, and promotion of tumor angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the various contribution of AZINs related with potential cancer promotion, cancer stemness, microenvironment and RNA modification, especially underlying molecular mechanisms, and furthermore explored its promising implication for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohui Feng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Huijie Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Youcheng Shao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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3
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Yan J, Ai C, Chen Q, Wang Q, Zhu Y, Li M, Chen K, He M, Shen M, Chen L, Zhang R, Zheng C, Liao W, Bin J, Lin H, Ma S, Tan N, Liao Y. CircMap4k2 Reactivated by Aneurysm Plication Alleviates Residual Cardiac Remodeling After SVR by Enhancing Cardiomyocyte Proliferation in Post-MI Mice. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00373-9. [PMID: 38043608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgical ventricular reconstruction (SVR) is an alternative therapeutic approach in patients with refractory heart failure (HF), but residual remodeling after SVR limits the improvement of HF. Recently, we reported that SVR may act as an environmental cue to reactivate endogenous proliferation of cardiomyocytes; however, it is unclear whether enhancing endogenous cardiomyocyte regeneration further improves HF after SVR. OBJECTIVES We aimed to explore whether circular RNAs (circRNAs) would involved in SVR and their mechanisms. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to myocardial infarction (MI) or sham surgery. Four weeks later, MI mice with a large ventricular aneurysm underwent SVR or a second open-chest operation only. Echocardiography and histological analysis were used to evaluate heart function, cardiac remodeling, and myocardial regeneration. Sequencing of circular RNAs, RNA immunoprecipitation, RNA pulldown, and luciferase reporter assay were used to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS SVR markedly attenuated cardiac remodeling and induced cardiomyocyte regeneration, as evidenced by positive staining of Ki-67, phospho-histone H3 (pH3), and Aurora B in the plication zone, but significant residual remodeling still existed in comparison with the sham group. Sequencing results showed that SVR altered the expression profile of cardiac circRNAs, and circMap4k2 was identified as the most upregulated one. After characterizing circMap4k2, we noted that overexpression of circMap4k2 significantly promoted proliferation of cardiomyocytes in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and silencing of circMap4k2 significantly inhibited it; similar results were obtained in SVR-treated MI mice but not in MI mice without SVR treatment. Residual cardiac remodeling after SVR was further attenuated by circMap4k2 overexpression. CircMap4k2 bound with miR-106a-3p and inhibited cardiomyocyte proliferation by targeting a downstream effector of the antizyme inhibitor 1 (Azin1) gene. CONCLUSIONS CircMap4k2 acts as an environmental cue and targets the miR-106a-3p/Azin1 pathway to increase cardiac regeneration in the plication zone and attenuate residual remodeling after SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenzhi Ai
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjue Li
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaitong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyuan He
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengjia Shen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cankun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hairuo Lin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Center, the Affiliated Sixth Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
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Antizyme Inhibitor 2-Deficient Mice Exhibit Altered Brain Polyamine Levels and Reduced Locomotor Activity. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010014. [PMID: 36671399 PMCID: PMC9855896 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the neural polyamine system are known to be associated with different brain pathological conditions. In addition, the regulation of enzymes involved in polyamine metabolism such as ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), antizymes (AZs), and antizyme inhibitors (AZINs) is critical during brain development. However, while most studies focus on ODC and AZs, less is known about AZIN expression and function in the brain. Thus, our aim was to analyze the expression pattern of AZIN2 during postnatal development, its brain distribution, and its possible implication in phenotypical alterations. METHODS The expression pattern of Azin2 and other genes related to polyamine metabolism was analyzed by RT-qPCR. β-D-galactosidase staining was used to determine the anatomical distribution of AZIN2 in a Azin2 knockout model containing the βGeo marker. Brain polyamine content was determined by HPLC. The Rota-Rod and Pole functional tests were used to evaluate motor skills in Azin2-lacking mice. RESULTS Our results showed that expression of genes codifying for AZs and AZINs showed a similar increasing pattern over time that coincided with a decrease in ODC activity and putrescine levels. The analysis of AZIN2 distribution demonstrated that it is strongly expressed in the cerebellum and distributed along the neuron body and dendrites. The ablation of Azin2 showed a decrease in putrescine levels and is related to reduced motor skills. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that AZIN2 expression in the brain is particularly limited to the cerebellum. In addition, the ablation of Azin2 leads to a reduction in putrescine that relates to alterations in motor function, suggesting the role of AZIN2 in the functioning of dopaminergic neurons.
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Lian J, Liang Y, Zhang H, Lan M, Ye Z, Lin B, Qiu X, Zeng J. The role of polyamine metabolism in remodeling immune responses and blocking therapy within the tumor immune microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912279. [PMID: 36119047 PMCID: PMC9479087 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of metabolism provides important information for understanding the biological basis of cancer cells and the defects of cancer treatment. Disorders of polyamine metabolism is a common metabolic change in cancer. With the deepening of understanding of polyamine metabolism, including molecular functions and changes in cancer, polyamine metabolism as a new anti-cancer strategy has become the focus of attention. There are many kinds of polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors and transport inhibitors, but not many drugs have been put into clinical application. Recent evidence shows that polyamine metabolism plays essential roles in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), particularly treatment of DFMO, an inhibitor of ODC, alters the immune cell population in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor immunosuppression is a major problem in cancer treatment. More and more studies have shown that the immunosuppressive effect of polyamines can help cancer cells to evade immune surveillance and promote tumor development and progression. Therefore, targeting polyamine metabolic pathways is expected to become a new avenue for immunotherapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachun Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanfang Liang
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Minsheng Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Metabolite Analysis Engineering Technology Center of Cells for Medical Use, Guangdong Xinghai Institute of Cell, Dongguan, China
| | - Bihua Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xianxiu Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Metabolite Analysis Engineering Technology Center of Cells for Medical Use, Guangdong Xinghai Institute of Cell, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and AMXT 1501 inhibit capsule biosynthesis in pneumococci. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11804. [PMID: 35821246 PMCID: PMC9276676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are small cationic molecules that have been linked to various cellular processes including replication, translation, stress response and recently, capsule regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn, pneumococcus). Pneumococcal-associated diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis are some of the leading causes of death worldwide and capsule remains the principal virulence factor of this versatile pathogen. α-Difluoromethyl-ornithine (DFMO) is an irreversible inhibitor of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway catalyzed by ornithine decarboxylase and has a long history in modulating cell growth, polyamine levels, and disease outcomes in eukaryotic systems. Recent evidence shows that DFMO can also target arginine decarboxylation. Interestingly, DFMO-treated cells often escape polyamine depletion via increased polyamine uptake from extracellular sources. Here, we examined the potential capsule-crippling ability of DFMO and the possible synergistic effects of the polyamine transport inhibitor, AMXT 1501, on pneumococci. We characterized the changes in pneumococcal metabolites in response to DFMO and AMXT 1501, and also measured the impact of DFMO on amino acid decarboxylase activities. Our findings show that DFMO inhibited pneumococcal polyamine and capsule biosynthesis as well as decarboxylase activities, albeit, at a high concentration. AMXT 1501 at physiologically relevant concentration could inhibit both polyamine and capsule biosynthesis, however, in a serotype-dependent manner. In summary, this study demonstrates the utility of targeting polyamine biosynthesis and transport for pneumococcal capsule inhibition. Since targeting capsule biosynthesis is a promising way for the eradication of the diverse and pathogenic pneumococcal strains, future work will identify small molecules similar to DFMO/AMXT 1501, which act in a serotype-independent manner.
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Li QZ, Zuo ZW, Zhou ZR, Ji Y. Polyamine homeostasis-based strategies for cancer: The role of combination regimens. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174456. [PMID: 34464603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Spermine, spermidine and putrescine polyamines are naturally occurring ubiquitous positively charged amines and are essential metabolites for biological functions in our life. These compounds play a crucial role in many cell processes, including cellular proliferation, growth, and differentiation. Intracellular levels of polyamines depend on their biosynthesis, transport and degradation. Polyamine levels are high in cancer cells, which leads to the promotion of tumor growth, invasion and metastasis. Targeting polyamine metabolism as an anticancer strategy is considerably rational. Due to compensatory mechanisms, a single strategy does not achieve satisfactory clinical effects when using a single agent. Combination regimens are more clinically promising for cancer chemoprevention because they work synergistically with causing little or no adverse effects due to each individual agent being used at lower doses. Moreover, bioactive substances have advantages over single chemical agents because they can affect multiple targets. In this review, we discuss anticancer strategies targeting polyamine metabolism and describe how combination treatments and effective natural active ingredients are promising therapies. The existing research suggests that polyamine metabolic enzymes are important therapeutic targets and that combination therapies can be more effective than monotherapies based on polyamine depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhang Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China.
| | - Zan-Wen Zuo
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
| | - Ze-Rong Zhou
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
| | - Yan Ji
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, PR China
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8
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Hämetoja H, Andersson LC, Mäkitie A, Bäck L, Hagström J, Haglund C. Antizyme inhibitor 2 (AZIN2) associates with better prognosis of head and neck minor salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma. APMIS 2021; 129:503-511. [PMID: 34046926 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The key regulator of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway is ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). ODC is activated by antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1) and 2 (AZIN2). AZIN1 and recently AZIN2 have been related to cancer; however, their functions in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) have not been studied. We performed immunohistochemical study on minor salivary and mucous gland ACC tissue samples of patients treated at the Helsinki University Hospital (Helsinki, Finland) during 1974-2012. We scored AZIN1 and 2 immunoexpression in 42 and 45 tumor tissue samples, respectively, and correlated them with clinicopathological factors and survival. Enhanced AZIN2 expression was associated with better survival. In addition, both AZINs were seen more commonly in cribriform and tubular than in solid growth patterns. AZIN1 expression did not correlate with the studied clinicopathological factors. It seems that AZIN2 expression is higher in cancer tissue with secretory functions. In ACC tissue, high AZIN2 expression could be related to well-differentiated histological type which still has a functioning vesicle transportation system. Thus, AZIN2 could be a prognostic factor for better survival of ACC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Hämetoja
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Antti Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Division of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leif Bäck
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Department of Pathology, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oral Pathology and Radiology, University of Turku, and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Caj Haglund
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Identification of Breast Cancer Subtype-Specific Biomarkers by Integrating Copy Number Alterations and Gene Expression Profiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030261. [PMID: 33809336 PMCID: PMC7998437 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease categorized into four subtypes. Previous studies have shown that copy number alterations of several genes are implicated with the development and progression of many cancers. This study evaluates the effects of DNA copy number alterations on gene expression levels in different breast cancer subtypes. Materials and Methods: We performed a computational analysis integrating copy number alterations and gene expression profiles in 1024 breast cancer samples grouped into four molecular subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, HER2, and basal. Results: Our analyses identified several genes correlated in all subtypes such as KIAA1967 and MCPH1. In addition, several subtype-specific genes that showed a significant correlation between copy number and gene expression profiles were detected: SMARCB1, AZIN1, MTDH in luminal A, PPP2R5E, APEX1, GCN5 in luminal B, TNFAIP1, PCYT2, DIABLO in HER2, and FAM175B, SENP5, SCAF1 in basal subtype. Conclusions: This study showed that computational analyses integrating copy number and gene expression can contribute to unveil the molecular mechanisms of cancer and identify new subtype-specific biomarkers.
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10
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Tulluri V, Nemmara VV. Role of Antizyme Inhibitor Proteins in Cancers and Beyond. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:667-682. [PMID: 33531815 PMCID: PMC7846877 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s281157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are multivalent organic cations essential for many cellular functions, including cell growth, differentiation, and proliferation. However, elevated polyamine levels are associated with a slew of pathological conditions, including multiple cancers. Intracellular polyamine levels are primarily controlled by the autoregulatory circuit comprising two different protein types, Antizymes (OAZ) and Antizyme Inhibitors (AZIN), which regulate the activity of the polyamine biosynthetic enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). While OAZ functions to decrease the intracellular polyamine levels by inhibiting ODC activity and exerting a negative control of polyamine uptake, AZIN operates to increase intracellular polyamine levels by binding and sequestering OAZ to relieve ODC inhibition and to increase polyamine uptake. Interestingly, OAZ and AZIN exhibit autoregulatory functions on polyamine independent pathways as well. A growing body of evidence demonstrates the dysregulation of AZIN expression in multiple cancers. Additionally, RNA editing of the Azin1 transcript results in a "gain-of-function" phenotype, which is shown to drive aggressive tumor types. This review will discuss the recent advances in AZIN's role in cancers via aberrant polyamine upregulation and its polyamine-independent protein regulation. This report will also highlight AZIN interaction with proteins outside the polyamine biosynthetic pathway and its potential implication to cancer pathogenesis. Finally, this review will reveal the protein interaction network of AZIN isoforms by analyzing three different interactome databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vennela Tulluri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ08028, USA
| | - Venkatesh V Nemmara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ08028, USA
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11
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Halloran KM, Stenhouse C, Wu G, Bazer FW. Arginine, Agmatine, and Polyamines: Key Regulators of Conceptus Development in Mammals. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1332:85-105. [PMID: 34251640 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74180-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arginine is a key amino acid in pregnant females as it is the precursor for nitric oxide (NO) via nitric oxide synthase and for polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) by either arginase II and ornithine decarboxylase to putrescine or via arginine decarboxylase to agmatine and agmatine to putrescine via agmatinase. Polyamines are critical for placental growth and vascularization. Polyamines stabilize DNA and mRNA for gene transcription and mRNA translation, stimulate proliferation of trophectoderm, and formation of multinucleated trophectoderm cells that give rise to giant cells in the placentae of species such as mice. Polyamines activate MTOR cell signaling to stimulate protein synthesis and they are important for motility through modification of beta-catenin phosphorylation, integrin signaling via focal adhesion kinases, cytoskeletal organization, and invasiveness or superficial implantation of blastocysts. Physiological levels of arginine, agmatine, and polyamines are critical to the secretion of interferon tau for pregnancy recognition in ruminants. Arginine, polyamines, and agmatine are very abundant in fetal fluids, fetal blood, and tissues of the conceptus during gestation. The polyamines are thus available to influence a multitude of events including activation of development of blastocysts, implantation, placentation, fetal growth, and development required for the successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Halloran
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Claire Stenhouse
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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12
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Fenelon JC, Murphy BD. New functions for old factors: the role of polyamines during the establishment of pregnancy. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1228-1239. [PMID: 30418870 DOI: 10.1071/rd18235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantation is essential for the establishment of a successful pregnancy, and the preimplantation period plays a significant role in ensuring implantation occurs in a timely and coordinated manner. This requires effective maternal-embryonic signalling, established during the preimplantation period, to synchronise development. Although multiple factors have been identified as present during this time, the exact molecular mechanisms involved are unknown. Polyamines are small cationic molecules that are ubiquitously expressed from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Despite being first identified over 300 years ago, their essential roles in cell proliferation and growth, including cancer, have only been recently recognised, with new technologies and interest resulting in rapid expansion of the polyamine field. This review provides a summary of our current understanding of polyamine synthesis, regulation and function with a focus on recent developments demonstrating the requirements for polyamines during the establishment of pregnancy up to the implantation stage, in particular the role of polyamines in the control of embryonic diapause and the identification of an alternative pathway for their synthesis in sheep pregnancy. This, along with other novel discoveries, provides new insights into the control of the peri-implantation period in mammals and highlights the complexities that exist in regulating this critical period of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Fenelon
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3010, Australia
| | - Bruce D Murphy
- Centre de recherché en reproduction et fertilité, Faculté de médicine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Rue Sicotte, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 2M2, Canada
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13
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Bojcsuk D, Nagy G, Bálint BL. Alternatively Constructed Estrogen Receptor Alpha-Driven Super-Enhancers Result in Similar Gene Expression in Breast and Endometrial Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1630. [PMID: 32120995 PMCID: PMC7084573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Super-enhancers (SEs) are clusters of highly active enhancers, regulating cell type-specific and disease-related genes, including oncogenes. The individual regulatory regions within SEs might be simultaneously bound by different transcription factors (TFs) and co-regulators, which together establish a chromatin environment conducting to effective transcription. While cells with distinct TF profiles can have different functions, how different cells control overlapping genetic programs remains a question. In this paper, we show that the construction of estrogen receptor alpha-driven SEs is tissue-specific, both collaborating TFs and the active SE components greatly differ between human breast cancer-derived MCF-7 and endometrial cancer-derived Ishikawa cells; nonetheless, SEs common to both cell lines have similar transcriptional outputs. These results delineate that despite the existence of a combinatorial code allowing alternative SE construction, a single master regulator might be able to determine the overall activity of SEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Bojcsuk
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatic Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bálint László Bálint
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatic Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
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14
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Lin CH, Chen SCC. The Cancer Editome Atlas: A Resource for Exploratory Analysis of the Adenosine-to-Inosine RNA Editome in Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:3001-3006. [PMID: 31015229 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has suggested a role for adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing in carcinogenesis. However, the clinical utility of RNA editing remains limited because functions of the vast majority of editing events remain largely unexplored. To help the cancer research community investigate functional consequences of individual editing events, we have developed a user-friendly bioinformatic resource, The Cancer Editome Atlas (TCEA; http://tcea.tmu.edu.tw). TCEA characterizes >192 million editing events at >4.6 million editing sites from approximately 11,000 samples across 33 cancer types in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Clinical information, miRNA expression, and alteration in miRNA targeting modulated through RNA editing are also integrated into TCEA. TCEA supports several modules to search, analyze, and visualize the cancer editome, providing a solid basis for investigating the oncogenic mechanisms of RNA editing and expediting the identification of therapeutic targets in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This user-friendly bioinformatic resource reduces the barrier to analyzing the huge and complex cancer RNA editome that cancer researchers face and facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui-Hsien Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sean Chun-Chang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Okugawa Y, Toiyama Y, Shigeyasu K, Yamamoto A, Shigemori T, Yin C, Ichikawa T, Yasuda H, Fujikawa H, Yoshiyama S, Hiro J, Ohi M, Araki T, Kusunoki M, Goel A. Enhanced AZIN1 RNA editing and overexpression of its regulatory enzyme ADAR1 are important prognostic biomarkers in gastric cancer. J Transl Med 2018; 16:366. [PMID: 30563560 PMCID: PMC6299520 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1740-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes. Recent evidence suggests that RNA editing of antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1) RNA is emerging as a key epigenetic alteration underlying cancer pathogenesis. METHODS We evaluated AZIN1 RNA editing levels, and the expression of its regulator, ADAR1, in 280 gastric tissues from 140 patients, using a RNA editing site-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. We also analyzed the clinical significance of these results as disease biomarkers in gastric cancer (GC) patients. RESULTS Both AZIN1 RNA editing levels and ADAR1 expression were significantly elevated in GC tissues compared with matched normal mucosa (P < 0.0001, 0.0008, respectively); and AZIN1 RNA editing was positively correlated with ADAR1 expression. Elevated expression of ADAR1 significantly correlated with poor overall survival (P = 0.034), while hyper-edited AZIN1 emerged as an independent prognostic factor for OS and disease-free survival in GC patients [odds ratio (OR):1.98, 95% CI 1.17-3.35, P = 0.011, OR: 4.55, 95% CI 2.12-9.78, P = 0.0001, respectively]. Increased AZIN1 RNA editing and ADAR1 over-expression were significantly correlated with key clinicopathological factors, such as advanced T stage, presence of lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and higher TNM stages in GC patients. Logistic regression analysis revealed that hyper-editing status of AZIN1 RNA was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis in GC patients [hazard ratio (HR):3.03, 95% CI 1.19-7.71, P = 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS AZIN1 RNA editing levels may be an important prognostic biomarker in GC patients, and may serve as a key clinical decision-making tool for determining preoperative treatment strategies in GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie Japan
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie Japan
| | - Kunitoshi Shigeyasu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama Japan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie Japan
| | - Tsunehiko Shigemori
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie Japan
| | - Chengzeng Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie Japan
| | - Takashi Ichikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie Japan
| | - Hiromi Yasuda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yoshiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie Japan
| | - Junichiro Hiro
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie Japan
| | - Masaki Ohi
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Araki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie Japan
| | - Masato Kusunoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie Japan
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research and Center for Translational Genomics and Oncology, Baylor Scott & White Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, 3410 Worth Street, Suite 610, Dallas, TX 75246 USA
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16
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Ramos-Molina B, Lambertos A, Peñafiel R. Antizyme Inhibitors in Polyamine Metabolism and Beyond: Physiopathological Implications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 6:medsci6040089. [PMID: 30304856 PMCID: PMC6313458 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular levels of polyamines, cationic molecules involved in a myriad of cellular functions ranging from cellular growth, differentiation and apoptosis, is precisely regulated by antizymes and antizyme inhibitors via the modulation of the polyamine biosynthetic and transport systems. Antizymes, which are mainly activated upon high polyamine levels, inhibit ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the key enzyme of the polyamine biosynthetic route, and exert a negative control of polyamine intake. Antizyme inhibitors (AZINs), which are proteins highly homologous to ODC, selectively interact with antizymes, preventing their action on ODC and the polyamine transport system. In this review, we will update the recent advances on the structural, cellular and physiological functions of AZINs, with particular emphasis on the action of these proteins in the regulation of polyamine metabolism. In addition, we will describe emerging evidence that suggests that AZINs may also have polyamine-independent effects on cells. Finally, we will discuss how the dysregulation of AZIN activity has been implicated in certain human pathologies such as cancer, fibrosis or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology, Institute of Biomedical Research in Malaga (IBIMA), Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, 29010 Málaga, Spain.
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Lambertos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rafael Peñafiel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain.
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17
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Li Z, Persson H, Adolfsson K, Abariute L, Borgström MT, Hessman D, Åström K, Oredsson S, Prinz CN. Cellular traction forces: a useful parameter in cancer research. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:19039-19044. [PMID: 29188243 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr06284b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The search for new cancer biomarkers is essential for fundamental research, diagnostics, as well as for patient treatment and monitoring. Whereas most cancer biomarkers are biomolecules, an increasing number of studies show that mechanical cues are promising biomarker candidates. Although cell deformability has been shown to be a possible cancer biomarker, cellular forces as cancer biomarkers have been left largely unexplored. Here, we measure traction forces of cancer and normal-like cells at high spatial resolution using a robust method based on dense vertical arrays of nanowires. A force map is created using automated image analysis based on the localization of the fluorescent tips of the nanowires. We show that the force distribution and magnitude differ between MCF7 breast cancer cells and MCF10A normal-like breast epithelial cells, and that monitoring traction forces can be used to investigate the effects of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Division of Solid State Physics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
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18
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Barilli A, Gaiani F, Prandi B, Cirlini M, Ingoglia F, Visigalli R, Rotoli BM, de'Angelis N, Sforza S, de'Angelis GL, Dall'Asta V. Gluten peptides drive healthy and celiac monocytes toward an M2-like polarization. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 54:11-17. [PMID: 29216605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by ingested gluten in genetically susceptible individuals and sustained by both adaptive and innate immune responses. Recent studies in murine macrophages demonstrated that the activation of arginase (ARG) metabolic pathway by gluten peptides contributes to the modulation of intestinal permeability in vitro. Here we characterize the effects of gluten on arginine metabolism and cell polarization in human monocytes from both healthy and CD subjects; both a simplified enzymatic digestion of gliadin and a physiological digestion of whole wheat have been tested. Results indicate that gluten digests induce the onset of an M2-like phenotype in activated macrophages; more precisely, both isoforms of arginase, ARG1 and ARG2, are induced likely due to the inhibition of mTOR and the consequent induction of C/EBPβ transcription factor. These effects are independent from the origin of gluten as well as from the digestive protocol employed; moreover, no statistical difference can be evidenced between healthy and CD patients, excluding a diverse predisposition of CD monocytes to gluten-triggered polarization with respect to healthy immune cells. Overall, the present findings sustain a role for arginase pathway in the immune response elicited by human monocytes toward ingested gluten that, hence, deserves particular attention when addressing the pathogenesis of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Barilli
- Unit of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Gaiani
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy of Parma, University Hospital of Parma, via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Prandi
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Cirlini
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Filippo Ingoglia
- Unit of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Rossana Visigalli
- Unit of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Rotoli
- Unit of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy
| | - Nicola de'Angelis
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Henri-Mondor Hospital, Université Paris Est-UPEC, Créteil, France
| | - Stefano Sforza
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi de'Angelis
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy of Parma, University Hospital of Parma, via Gramsci 14, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Valeria Dall'Asta
- Unit of General Pathology, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125 Parma, Italy.
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19
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Hu X, Chen J, Shi X, Feng F, Lau KW, Chen Y, Chen Y, Jiang L, Cui F, Zhang Y, Xu X, Li J. RNA editing of AZIN1 induces the malignant progression of non-small-cell lung cancers. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317700001. [PMID: 28849733 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317700001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA editing is a widespread post-transcriptional mechanism that confers specific and reproducible nucleotide changes in selected RNA transcripts and plays a critical role in many human cancers. However, little is known about how RNA editing operates in non-small-cell lung cancers. Here, we measured the sequence and expression level of genes of antizyme inhibitor 1 and adenosine deaminase acting on RNA family in 30 non-small-cell lung cancer patient samples and 13 cell lines and revealed RNA editing S367G in antizyme inhibitor 1 is a high-frequent molecular events. We determined overexpression of antizyme inhibitor 1 with RNA editing, implying the oncogenic function of this alteration. We also detected the association of adenosine deaminase acting on RNA overexpression with RNA editing occurred in antizyme inhibitor 1. Furthermore, the RNA editing could cause a cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation of antizyme inhibitor 1 protein and conferred the malignant phenotype of non-small-cell lung cancer cells. The in vivo experiment confirmed that this RNA editing confers higher capacity of tumor migration as well. In conclusion, antizyme inhibitor 1 RNA editing and its involvement in tumorigenesis of non-small-cell lung cancer pave a new way for potential clinical management of non-small-cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueda Hu
- 1 Biodynamic Optical Imaging Center (BIOPIC), College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshun Shi
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fenglan Feng
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - King Wai Lau
- 3 Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Yaoqi Chen
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yusong Chen
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Long Jiang
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fei Cui
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jin Li
- 2 State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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20
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Qiu S, Liu J, Xing F. Antizyme inhibitor 1: a potential carcinogenic molecule. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:163-169. [PMID: 27870265 PMCID: PMC5329145 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are multivalent and organic cations essential for cellular growth, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Increased levels of polyamines are closely associated with numerous forms of cancer. An autoregulatory circuit composed of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), antizyme (AZ) and antizyme inhibitor (AZI) govern the intracellular level of polyamines. Antizyme binds with ODC to inhibit ODC activity and to promote the ubiquitin‐independent degradation of ODC. Antizyme inhibitor binds to AZ with a higher affinity than ODC. Consequently, ODC is released from the ODC–AZ complex to rescue its activity. Antizyme inhibitor increases the ODC activity to accelerate the formation of intracellular polyamines, triggering gastric and breast carcinogenesis as well as hepatocellular carcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma development. Antizyme inhibitor 1 (AZIN1), a primary member of the AZI family, has aroused more attention because of its contribution to cancer. Even though its conformation is changed by adenosine‐to‐inosine (A→I) RNA editing, it plays an important role in tumorigenesis through regulating intracellular polyamines. Encouragingly, AZIN1 has been revealed to have an additional function outside the polyamine pathway so as to bypass the deficiency of targeting the polyamine biosynthetic pathway, promising to become a critical target for cancer therapy. Here, we review the latest research advances into AZIN1 and its potential contribution to carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiao Qiu
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feiyue Xing
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Silva TM, Fiuza SM, Marques MPM, Batista de Carvalho LAE, Amado AM. Conformational study and reassessment of the vibrational assignments for Norspermidine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 157:227-237. [PMID: 26774814 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study presents and discusses the conformational preferences of Norspermidine (NSpd). The effects of varying the dielectric constant on the conformational preferences are discussed, with a view to infer which conformation will correspond to the most stable in the pure condensed liquid phase. Within the same context, a set of NSpd-NH3 molecular adducts were simulated in order to determine the relevance of intermolecular hydrogen bonding on the overall stability and relative positioning of the respective vibrational frequencies. The calculations presently performed allowed a reassessment of the vibrational assignments for NSpd. A full assignment of the NSpd vibrational spectra is presented, with special emphasis being given to the vibrational modes that proved to be most affected by hydrogen bonding. The various inconsistencies of a prior study found in the literature were identified and rectified.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Silva
- I&D Unit "Química-Física Molecular", Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S M Fiuza
- I&D Unit "Química-Física Molecular", Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M P M Marques
- I&D Unit "Química-Física Molecular", Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - L A E Batista de Carvalho
- I&D Unit "Química-Física Molecular", Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A M Amado
- I&D Unit "Química-Física Molecular", Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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