1
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Németi G, Berkecz R, Shahmohammadi S, Forró E, Lindner W, Péter A, Ilisz I. Enantioselective high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of fluorinated ß- phenylalanine derivatives utilizing Cinchona alkaloid-based ion-exchanger chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1670:462974. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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2
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Tanács D, Orosz T, Ilisz I, Péter A, Lindner W. Unexpected effects of mobile phase solvents and additives on retention and resolution of N-acyl-D,L-leucine applying Cinchonane-based chiral ion exchangers. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1648:462212. [PMID: 33992991 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chiral ion exchangers based on quinine (QN) and quinidine (QD), namely Chiralpak QN-AX and QD-AX as anionic and ZWIX(+) and ZWIX(-) as zwitterionic ion exchanger chiral stationary phases (CSPs) have been investigated with respect to their retention and chiral resolution characteristics. For the evaluation of the effects of the composition of the polar organic bulk solvents of the mobile phase (MP) and those of the organic acid and base additives acting as displacers necessary for a liquid chromatographic ion-exchange process, racemic N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)leucine and other related analytes were applied. The main aim was to evaluate the impact of the MP variations on the observed, and thus the apparent enantioselectivity (αapp), and the retention factor. Significant differences were found using either polar protic methanol (MeOH) or polar non-protic acetonitrile (MeCN) solvents in combination with the acid and base additives as counter- and co-ions. It became clear, that the charged sites of both the chiral selectors of the CSPs and the analytes get specifically solvated, accompanied by the adsorption of all MP components on the CSP, thereby building a stagnant "stationary phase layer" with a composition different from the bulk MP. Via a systematic change of the MP composition, trends of resulting αapp and retention factors have been identified and discussed. In a detailed set of experiments, the effect of the concentration of the acid component in the MP containing MeOH or MeCN was specifically investigated, with the acid considered to be a displacer in anion-exchange type chromatographic systems. Surprisingly, all four chiral columns retained and resolved the tested N-acyl-Leu analytes with αapp values up to 21 within a retention factor window of 0.03 and 10 with pure MeOH as eluent. However, using pure MeCN as eluent, an almost infinite-long retention of the acidic analyte was noticed in all cases. We suggest that the rather different thickness of the solvation shells generated by MeOH or MeCN around the charged/chargeable sites of the chiral selector determines eventually the strength of the electrostatic selector-selectand interactions. As a control experiment we included the non-chiral N-acylglycine derivatives as analyte in all cases to support the interpretations with respect to the contribution of the enantioselective and non-enantioselective retention factor increments as a part of the observed αapp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dániel Tanács
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, Hungary
| | - Tímea Orosz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, Hungary
| | - István Ilisz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, Hungary.
| | - Antal Péter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Somogyi u. 4, Hungary
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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3
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Raimbault A, Ma CMA, Ferri M, Bäurer S, Bonnet P, Bourg S, Lämmerhofer M, West C. Cinchona-based zwitterionic stationary phases: Exploring retention and enantioseparation mechanisms in supercritical fluid chromatography with a fragmentation approach. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1612:460689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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4
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Bajtai A, Ilisz I, Howan DH, Tóth GK, Scriba GK, Lindner W, Péter A. Enantioselective resolution of biologically active dipeptide analogs by high-performance liquid chromatography applying Cinchona alkaloid-based ion-exchanger chiral stationary phases. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1611:460574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Bajtai A, Ilisz I, Péter A, Lindner W. Liquid chromatographic resolution of natural and racemic Cinchona alkaloid analogues using strong cation- and zwitterion ion-exchange type stationary phases. Qualitative evaluation of stationary phase characteristics and mobile phase effects on stereoselectivity and retention. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1609:460498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.460498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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6
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Ilisz I, Bajtai A, Péter A, Lindner W. Cinchona Alkaloid-Based Zwitterionic Chiral Stationary Phases Applied for Liquid Chromatographic Enantiomer Separations: An Overview. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1985:251-277. [PMID: 31069739 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9438-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
For the early 2000s, chromatographic methods applying chiral stationary phases (CSPs) became the most effective techniques for the resolution of chiral compounds on both analytical and preparative scales. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) employing various types of chiral selectors covalently bonded to silica-based supports offers a state-of-the-art methodology for "chiral analysis." Although a large number of CSPs are available nowadays, the design and development of new "chiral columns" are still needed since it is obvious that in practice one needs a good portfolio of different columns to face the challenging task of enantiomeric resolutions. The development of the unique chiral anion, cation, and zwitterion exchangers achieved by Lindner and his partners serves as an expansion of the range of the efficiently applicable CSPs.In this context this overview chapter discusses and summarizes direct enantiomer separations of chiral acids and ampholytes applying zwitterionic ion exchangers derived from Cinchona alkaloids. Our aim is to provide comprehensive information on practical solutions with focus on the molecular recognition and methodological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Ilisz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Attila Bajtai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Antal Péter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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7
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Bajtai A, Lajkó G, Szatmári I, Fülöp F, Lindner W, Ilisz I, Péter A. Dedicated comparisons of diverse polysaccharide- and zwitterionic Cinchona alkaloid-based chiral stationary phases probed with basic and ampholytic indole analogs in liquid and subcritical fluid chromatography mode. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1563:180-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Ilisz I, Bajtai A, Lindner W, Péter A. Liquid chromatographic enantiomer separations applying chiral ion-exchangers based on Cinchona alkaloids. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:127-152. [PMID: 29980014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the understanding of the various biological actions of compounds with different stereochemistry has grown, the necessity to develop methods for the analytical qualification and quantification of chiral products has become particularly important. The last quarter of the century has seen a vast growth of diverse chiral technologies, including stereocontrolled synthesis and enantioselective separation and analysis concepts. By the introduction of covalently bonded silica-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs), the so-called direct liquid chromatographic (LC) methods of enantiomer separation became the state-of-the-art methodology. Although a large number of CSPs is available nowadays, the design and development of new chiral selectors and CSPs are still needed since it is obvious that in practice one needs a good portfolio of different CSPs and focused "chiral columns" to tackle the challenging tasks. This review discusses and summarizes direct enantiomer separations of chiral acids and ampholytes applying anionic and zwitterionic ion-exchangers derived from Cinchona alkaloids with emphasis on literature data published in the last 10 years. Our aim is to provide an overview of practical solutions, while focusing on the integration of molecular recognition and methodological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University of Szeged, Somogyi utca 4, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Attila Bajtai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 83, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Antal Péter
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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9
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Szabó ZI, Foroughbakhshfasaei M, Noszál B, Tóth G. Enantioseparation of racecadotril using polysaccharide-type chiral stationary phases in polar organic mode. Chirality 2017; 30:95-105. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán-István Szabó
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tîrgu Mureş; Tîrgu Mureş Romania
| | | | - Béla Noszál
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
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10
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Fernandes C, Phyo YZ, Silva AS, Tiritan ME, Kijjoa A, Pinto MM. Chiral Stationary Phases Based on Small Molecules: An Update of the Last 17 Years. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2017.1326939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ye’ Zaw Phyo
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Silva
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (IINFACTS), Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena M.M. Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
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11
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Lajkó G, Orosz T, Ugrai I, Szakonyi Z, Fülöp F, Lindner W, Péter A, Ilisz I. Liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of limonene-based carbocyclic β-amino acids on zwitterionic Cinchona
alkaloid-based chiral stationary phases. J Sep Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201700450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Lajkó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Tímea Orosz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Imre Ugrai
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szakonyi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Antal Péter
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - István Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
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12
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Orosz T, Grecsó N, Lajkó G, Szakonyi Z, Fülöp F, Armstrong DW, Ilisz I, Péter A. Liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of carbocyclic β-amino acids possessing limonene skeleton on macrocyclic glycopeptide-based chiral stationary phases. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:119-126. [PMID: 28654779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Polar-ionic and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separations of limonene-based cyclic β-amino acid enantiomers were carried out by using macrocyclic glycopeptide-based chiral selectors applying Chirobiotic T, TAG and R columns. The effects of additives, concentration of the co- and counter-ions and the temperature in polar-ionic mobile phase systems were studied. The influence of pH, MeOH content and alcohol additives were investigated in the reversed-phase mode. The difference in the change in standard enthalpy Δ(ΔH°), entropy Δ(ΔS°), and free energy Δ(ΔG°) was calculated from the linear van't Hoff plots derived from the ln α vs 1/T curves in the temperature range 5-40°C. Unusual temperature behavior was observed on Chirobiotic TAG for most of the analytes: decreased retention times were accompanied with increased separation factors with increasing temperature, and separation was entropically-driven. For two of the studied analytes enthalpically-driven enantioseparations were observed. The elution sequence was determined in all cases, but no general rule could be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Orosz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Hungary
| | - Nóra Grecsó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Hungary; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Gyula Lajkó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Hungary; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szakonyi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Daniel W Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0065, USA
| | - István Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Hungary.
| | - Antal Péter
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Hungary
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13
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Lajkó G, Grecsó N, Tóth G, Fülöp F, Lindner W, Ilisz I, Péter A. Liquid and subcritical fluid chromatographic enantioseparation of N
α
-Fmoc proteinogenic amino acids on Quinidine
-based zwitterionic and anion-exchanger type chiral stationary phases. A comparative study. Chirality 2017; 29:225-238. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Lajkó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Nóra Grecsó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Gábor Tóth
- Institute of Medical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - István Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Antal Péter
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
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14
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A Comparative Study of Enantioseparations of N α-Fmoc Proteinogenic Amino Acids on Quinine-Based Zwitterionic and Anion Exchanger-Type Chiral Stationary Phases under Hydro-Organic Liquid and Subcritical Fluid Chromatographic Conditions. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111579. [PMID: 27879671 PMCID: PMC6273653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this contribution is a comparative investigation of enantioseparations of 19 Nα-Fmoc proteinogenic amino acids on Quinine-based zwitterionic and anion-exchanger type chiral stationary phases employing hydro-organic and polar-ionic liquid and subcritical fluid chromatographic conditions. Effects of mobile phase composition (including additives, e.g., water, basis and acids) and nature of chiral selectors on the chromatographic performances were studied at different chromatographic modes. Thermodynamic parameters of the temperature dependent enantioseparation results were calculated in the temperature range 5–50 °C applying plots of lnα versus 1/T. The differences in standard enthalpy and standard entropy for a given pair of enantiomers were calculated and served as a basis for comparisons. Elution sequence in all cases was determined, where a general rule could be observed, both in liquid and subcritical fluid chromatographic mode the d-enantiomers eluted before the L ones. In both modes, the principles of ion exchange chromatography apply.
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15
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Péter A, Grecsó N, Tóth G, Fülöp F, Lindner W, Ilisz I. Ultra-trace Analysis of Enantiomeric Impurities in ProteinogenicN-Fmoc-Amino-acid Samples onCinchonaAlkaloid-based Chiral Stationary Phases. Isr J Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201600058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antal Péter
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged Dóm tér 7 Hungary
| | - Nóra Grecsó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged Dóm tér 7 Hungary
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged Eötvös u. 6 Hungary
| | - Gábor Tóth
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry; University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged Dóm tér 8 Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged Eötvös u. 6 Hungary
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Währingerstrasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - István Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; H-6720 Szeged Dóm tér 7 Hungary
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16
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Carotti A, Ianni F, Sabatini S, Di Michele A, Sardella R, Kaatz GW, Lindner W, Cecchetti V, Natalini B. The "racemic approach" in the evaluation of the enantiomeric NorA efflux pump inhibition activity of 2-phenylquinoline derivatives. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 129:182-189. [PMID: 27429367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Among the mechanisms adopted by bacteria, efflux pumps (EPs) have been recognized as being significantly involved in contributing to resistance to commonly used antibacterial agents. However, little is known about their three-dimensional structures or the steric requirements for their inhibition. Lack of such knowledge includes NorA, one of the most studied Staphylococcus aureus EPs. In the present study, the use of two commercialized Cinchona alkaloid-based zwitterionic chiral stationary phases allowed the enantioseparation of four 2-((2-(4-propoxyphenyl)quinolin-4-yl)oxy)alkylamines 1-4 previously found to be potent S. aureus NorA efflux pump inhibitors when tested as racemates. In the identified optimal polar-ionic conditions (MeOH/THF/H2O-49/49/2 (v/v/v)+25mM formic acid, 12.5mM diethylamine), repeated consecutive injections of 1 allowed the isolation of sufficient amount of its enantiomers (2.6mg and 2.8mg, for (R)-1 and (S)-1, respectively) and then to evaluate their ability to inhibit the S. aureus NorA efflux pump. The biological evaluation highlighted the main contribution of the (R)-1 enantiomer to both the EtBr efflux inhibition and synergistic effect with against SA-1199B (norA+/A116E GrlA) respect to the racemate activity. The comparison between the experimental electronic circular dichroism and the time-dependent density functional theory calculations spectra of the two isolated enantiomeric fractions allowed for all compounds a clear and easy assignment of the enantiomeric elution order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Federica Ianni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Sabatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Michele
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via Pascoli 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Glenn W Kaatz
- John D. Dingell Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centre and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Benedetto Natalini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, University of Perugia, via del Liceo 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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17
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High-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of cyclic β-aminohydroxamic acids on zwitterionic chiral stationary phases based on Cinchona alkaloids. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 921:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Ianni F, Sardella R, Carotti A, Natalini B, Lindner W, Lämmerhofer M. Quinine-Based Zwitterionic Chiral Stationary Phase as a Complementary Tool for Peptide Analysis: Mobile Phase Effects on Enantio- and Stereoselectivity of Underivatized Oligopeptides. Chirality 2015; 28:5-16. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ianni
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Andrea Carotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Benedetto Natalini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Tübingen; Tübingen Germany
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