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Wen X, Wang R, Xu P, Shi M, Shang Q, Zeng X, Zeng X, Liu J, Wang X, Zhu Z, Guo Z, Chen X, Zhang J. Synthesis, preclinical, and initial clinical evaluation of integrin α Vβ 3 and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) dual-targeting radiotracer [ 68Ga]Ga-RGD-RM26-03. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:2023-2035. [PMID: 38376806 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Integrin receptor αvβ3 and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) expression of tumors could be detected using PET imaging with radiolabeled Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and the antagonistic bombesin analog RM26, respectively. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dual receptor-targeting property of the heterodimer RGD-RM26-03 (denoted as LNC1015), demonstrate the tumor diagnostic value of [68Ga]Ga-LNC1015 in preclinical experiments, and evaluate its preliminary clinical feasibility. METHODS LNC1015 was designed and synthesized by linking cyclic RGD and the RM26 peptide. Preclinical pharmacokinetics were detected in a PC3 xenograft model using microPET and biodistribution studies. The clinical feasibility of [68Ga]Ga-LNC1015 PET/CT was performed in patients with breast cancer, and the results were compared with those of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). RESULTS [68Ga]Ga-LNC1015 had good stability in saline for at least 2 h, and favorable binding affinity and specificity were demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. The tumor uptake and retention of [68Ga]Ga-LNC1015 during PET imaging were improved compared with its monomeric counterparts [68Ga]Ga-RGD and [68Ga]Ga-RM26 at all the time points examined. In our initial clinical studies, the tumor uptake and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) of primary and metastatic lesions in [68Ga]Ga-LNC1015 PET/CT were significantly higher than those in [18F]FDG PET/CT, resulting in high lesion detection rate and tumor delineation. CONCLUSION The dual targeting radiotracer [68Ga]Ga-LNC1015 showed significantly improved tumor uptake and retention, as well as lower liver uptake than [68Ga]Ga-RGD and [68Ga]Ga-RM26 monomer. The first-in-human study showed high TBRs in patients, suggesting favorable pharmacokinetics and high clinical feasibility for PET/CT imaging of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular, Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Rongxi Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Mengqi Shi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Qingyao Shang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xueyuan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular, Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xinying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular, Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular, Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Diagnosis and Therapy in Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhide Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular, Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, 4221-116 Xiang'An South Rd, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
- Departments of Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119074, Singapore.
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Program, NUS Center for Nanomedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore.
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Yin J, Xin B, Hui X, Chai N, Yao L, Hu H, Xu B, Ma W, Zhang M, Wang J, Nie Y, Zhou G, Wang G, Chen L, Lu H, Wu K. 188Re-labeled GX1 dimer as a novel dual-functional probe targeting TGM2 for imaging and antiangiogenic therapy of gastric cancer. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 154:144-152. [PMID: 32682942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The GX1 peptide (CGNSNPKSC) can specifically bind to TGM2 and possesses the ability to target the blood vessels of gastric cancer. This study intends to develop an integrated dual-functional probe with higher affinity, specificity and targeting and to characterize it in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The dimer and tetramer of GX1 were prepared using cross-linked PEG and labeled with 99mTc. The best targeting probe [PEG-(GX1)2] was selected by gamma camera imaging in nude mouse models of gastric cancer. 188Re-PEG-(GX1)2 was prepared and characterized through cell binding analysis and competitive inhibition experiments, gamma camera imaging, MTT analysis and flow cytometry, BLI, immunohistochemistry, HE staining and biochemical analysis. RESULTS PEG-(GX1)2 bound specifically to Co-HUVEC with higher affinity than GX1. 188Re-PEG-(GX1)2 had better ability to target gastric cancer in tumor-bearing nude mice and higher T/H ratios than 188Re-GX1. 188Re-PEG-(GX1)2 inhibited the growth of Co-HUVEC and induced apoptosis, and its effects were more robust than those of 188Re-GX1. BLI showed that 188Re-PEG-(GX1)2 inhibited tumor proliferation in vivo with a stronger effect than 188Re-GX1. Compared with 188Re-GX1, 188Re-PEG-(GX1)2 suppressed tumor angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation and induced tumor cell apoptosis in vivo. The 188Re-PEG-(GX1)2 group did not cause visible changes in liver and kidney morphology and function in vivo. CONCLUSION The dimer of GX1 was synthesized by using cross-linked PEG, and then 188Re-PEG-(GX1)2 was prepared. This radiopharmaceutical played both diagnostic and therapeutic functions, and gamma camera imaging could be utilized to detect the distribution of drugs in vivo during treatment. Through a series of experiments in vitro and in vivo, the feasibility of the drug was confirmed, and these results laid the foundation for the subsequent development and application of GX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jipeng Yin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Clinical Medical Research Center, The 75th Group Army Hospital of PLA, Dali 671003, China
| | - Bo Xin
- Department of Oncology, No. 960 Hospital of PLA, Taian 271001, China
| | - Xiaoli Hui
- First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Na Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Liping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Bing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wenhui Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Mingru Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Guangqing Zhou
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The 75th Group Army Hospital of PLA, Dali 671003, China
| | - Guanliang Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The 75th Group Army Hospital of PLA, Dali 671003, China
| | - Liusheng Chen
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The 75th Group Army Hospital of PLA, Dali 671003, China.
| | - Hongbing Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Kaichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Abstract
Objective: Gliomas are the most common neoplasm of the central nervous system (CNS); however, traditional imaging techniques do not show the boundaries of tumors well. Some researchers have found a new therapeutic mode to combine nanoparticles, which are nanosized particles with various properties for specific therapeutic purposes, and stem cells for tracing gliomas. This review provides an introduction of the basic understanding and clinical applications of the combination of stem cells and nanoparticles as a contrast agent for glioma imaging. Data Sources: Studies published in English up to and including 2017 were extracted from the PubMed database with the selected key words of “stem cell,” “glioma,” “nanoparticles,” “MRI,” “nuclear imaging,” and “Fluorescence imaging.” Study Selection: The selection of studies focused on both preclinical studies and basic studies of tracking glioma with nanoparticle-labeled stem cells. Results: Studies have demonstrated successful labeling of stem cells with multiple types of nanoparticles. These labeled stem cells efficiently migrated to gliomas of varies models and produced signals sensitively captured by different imaging modalities. Conclusion: The use of nanoparticle-labeled stem cells is a promising imaging platform for the tracking and treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Lin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yun-Qian Li
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgical Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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de Oliveira ÉA, Faintuch BL, Seo D, Barbezan AB, Funari A, Targino RC, Moro AM. Radiolabeled GX1 Peptide for Tumor Angiogenesis Imaging. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 185:863-874. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Prodrug-embedded angiogenic vessel-targeting nanoparticle: A positive feedback amplifier in hypoxia-induced chemo-photo therapy. Biomaterials 2017; 144:188-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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de Oliveira EA, Lazovic J, Guo L, Soto H, Faintuch BL, Akhtari M, Pope W. Evaluation of Magnetonanoparticles Conjugated with New Angiogenesis Peptides in Intracranial Glioma Tumors by MRI. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 183:265-279. [PMID: 28281182 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2443-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a critical role in progression of malignant gliomas. The development of glioma-specific labeling molecules that can aid detection and visualization of angiogenesis can help surgical planning and improve treatment outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate if two peptides (GX1 and RGD-GX1) linked to angiogenesis can be used as an MR-imaging markers of angiogenesis. MR imaging was performed in U87 glioblastoma-bearing NOD-SCID mice at different time points between 15 and 120 min post-injection to visualize particle distribution. GX1 and RGD-GX1 exhibited the highest accumulation in U87 glioblastoma at 120 min post i.v. administration. GX1-conjugated agents lead to higher decrease in transverse relaxation time (T 2) (i.e., stronger contrast enhancement) than RGD-GX1-conjugated agents in U87 glioblastoma tumor model. In addition, we tested if U87-IDH1R132 mutated cell line had different pattern of GX1 or RGD-GX1 particle accumulation. Responses in U87-IDH1WT followed a similar pattern with GX1 contrast agents; however, lower contrast enhancement was observed with RGD-GX1 agents. The specific binding of these peptides to human glioblastoma xenograft in the brain was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. The contrast enhancement following injection of magnetonanoparticles conjugated to GX1 peptide matched well with CD31 staining and iron staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Aparecida de Oliveira
- Radiopharmacy Center, Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2242, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil. .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580 Bloco 17, São Paulo, SP, 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Jelena Lazovic
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lea Guo
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Horacio Soto
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bluma Linkowski Faintuch
- Radiopharmacy Center, Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2242, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Massoud Akhtari
- Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen school of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Whitney Pope
- Department of Radiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Shen JM, Li XX, Fan LL, Zhou X, Han JM, Jia MK, Wu LF, Zhang XX, Chen J. Heterogeneous dimer peptide-conjugated polylysine dendrimer-Fe 3O 4 composite as a novel nanoscale molecular probe for early diagnosis and therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1183-1200. [PMID: 28243083 PMCID: PMC5315215 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s126887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel nanoscale molecular probe is formulated in order to reduce toxicity and side effects of antitumor drug doxorubicin (DOX) in normal tissues and to enhance the detection sensitivity during early imaging diagnosis. The mechanism involves a specific targeting of Arg-Gly-Asp peptide (RGD)-GX1 heterogeneous dimer peptide-conjugated dendrigraft poly-l-lysine (DGL)-magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) composite by αvβ3-integrin/vasculature endothelium receptor-mediated synergetic effect. The physicochemical properties of the nanoprobe were characterized by using transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and vibrating sample magnetometer. The average diameter of the resulting MNP-DGL-RGD-GX1-DOX nanoparticles (NPs) was ~150-160 nm by DLS under simulate physiological medium. In the present experimental system, the loading amount of DOX on NPs accounted for 414.4 mg/g for MNP-DGL-RGD-GX1-DOX. The results of cytotoxicity, flow cytometry, and cellular uptake consistently indicated that the MNP-DGL-RGD-GX1-DOX NPs were inclined to target HepG2 cells in selected three kinds of cells. In vitro exploration of molecular mechanism revealed that cell apoptosis was associated with the overexpression of Fas protein and the significant activation of caspase-3. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging and biodistribution study showed that the MNP-DGL-RGD-GX1-DOX formulation had high affinity to the tumor tissue, leading to more aggregation of NPs in the tumor. In vivo antitumor efficacy research verified that MNP-DGL-RGD-GX1-DOX NPs possessed significant antitumor activity and the tumor inhibitory rate reached 78.5%. These results suggested that NPs could be promising in application to early diagnosis and therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma as a specific nanoprobe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lin-Lan Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University
| | - Xing Zhou
- The People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Ghosh A, Raju N, Tweedle M, Kumar K. In Vitro Mouse and Human Serum Stability of a Heterobivalent Dual-Target Probe That Has Strong Affinity to Gastrin-Releasing Peptide and Neuropeptide Y1 Receptors on Tumor Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2017; 32:24-32. [PMID: 28186846 PMCID: PMC5911699 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2016.2136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-targeting radiolabeled molecular probes with high affinity and specificity are useful in studying and monitoring biological processes and responses. Dual- or multiple-targeting probes, using radiolabeled metal chelates conjugated to peptides, have potential advantages over single-targeting probes as they can recognize multiple targets leading to better sensitivity for imaging and radiotherapy when target heterogeneity is present. Two natural hormone peptide receptors, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and Y1, are specifically interesting as their expression is upregulated in most breast and prostate cancers. One of our goals has been to develop a dual-target probe that can bind both GRP and Y1 receptors. Consequently, a heterobivalent dual-target probe, t-BBN/BVD15-DO3A (where a GRP targeting ligand J-G-Abz4-QWAVGHLM-NH2 and Y1 targeting ligand INP-K [ɛ-J-(α-DO3A-ɛ-DGa)-K] YRLRY-NH2 were coupled), that recognizes both GRP and Y1 receptors was synthesized, purified, and characterized in the past. Competitive displacement cell binding assay studies with the probe demonstrated strong affinity (IC50 values given in parentheses) for GRP receptors in T-47D cells (18 ± 0.7 nM) and for Y1 receptors in MCF7 cells (80 ± 11 nM). As a further evaluation of the heterobivalent dual-target probe t-BBN/BVD15-DO3A, the objective of this study was to determine its mouse and human serum stability at 37°C. The in vitro metabolic degradation of the dual-target probe in mouse and human serum was studied by using a 153Gd-labeled t-BBN/BVD15-DO3A and a high-performance liquid chromatography/radioisotope detector analytical method. The half-life (t1/2) of degradation of the dual-target probe in mouse serum was calculated as 7 hours and only ∼20% degradation was seen after 6 hours incubation in human serum. The slow in vitro metabolic degradation of the dual-target probe can be compared with the degradation t1/2 of the corresponding monomeric probes, BVD15-DO3A and AMBA: 15, and ∼40 minutes for BVD15-DO3A and 3.1 and 38.8 hours for AMBA in mouse and human serum, respectively. A possible pathway for in vitro metabolic degradation of the t-BBN/BVD15-DO3A in mouse serum is proposed based on the chromatographic retention times of the intact probe and its degradants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Ghosh
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Natarajan Raju
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael Tweedle
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Laboratory for Translational Research in Imaging Pharmaceuticals, The Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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