1
|
Chernykh AV, Vashchenko BV, Shishkina SV, Volochnyuk DM, Grygorenko OO. 3-Substituted 6-Azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes: Nonclassical Piperidine Isosteres for Drug Discovery. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10440-10450. [PMID: 38989992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Advanced analogs of piperidine and smaller homologues of tropane─3-substituted 6-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes─were synthesized on a large scale using readily available bulk reagents. The key step of the approach involved the double alkylation reaction of malonate with cis-2,4-bis(mesyloxymethyl)azetidine-1-carboxylate, in turn easily prepared on up to 1 kg scale. After hydrolysis, N-Boc-6-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-3,3-dicarboxylic acid was obtained (up to 400 g in a single run), which was used as a common intermediate for the preparation of all the title building blocks. In particular, Pb(OAc)4-mediated oxidative decarboxylation of this intermediate gave 2,6-methanopiperidone derivative (up to 400 g scale), while monodecarboxylation gave N-Boc-6-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptane-3-carboxylic acids as an easily separatable mixture of cis and trans diastereomers (up to 100 g scale). Further functional group transformations gave diastereopure cis- and trans-N-Boc-monoprotected diamines and amino alcohols. Molecular structure analysis using exit vector parameters (EVP) revealed that cis isomers of 3-substituted 6-azabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes are three-dimensional analogs of common 1,4-disubstituted piperidine chair conformer, whereas trans isomers can be considered as unusual "boat" piperidines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton V Chernykh
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademika Kuharya Street 5, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Bohdan V Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademika Kuharya Street 5, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana V Shishkina
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- SSI "Institute for Single Crystals" of the NAS of Ukraine, Nauky Avenue 60, Kharkiv 61001, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademika Kuharya Street 5, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Winston Churchill Street 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Akademika Kuharya Street 5, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Semeno VV, Vasylchenko VO, Fesun IM, Ruzhylo LY, Kipriianov MO, Melnykov KP, Skreminskyi A, Iminov R, Mykhailiuk P, Vashchenko BV, Grygorenko OO. Bicyclo[m.n.k]alkane Building Blocks as Promising Benzene and Cycloalkane Isosteres: Multigram Synthesis, Physicochemical and Structural Characterization. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303859. [PMID: 38149408 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic double bond functionalization - intramolecular enolate alkylation sequence was used to obtain a series of bridged and fused bicyclo[m.n.k]alkane derivatives (i. e., bicyclo[4.1.1]octanes, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes, bicyclo[3.2.1]octanes, bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes, and bicyclo[4.2.0]heptanes). The scope and limitations of the method were established, and applicability to the multigram synthesis of target bicyclic compounds was illustrated. Using the developed protocols, over 50 mono- and bifunctional building blocks relevant to medicinal chemistry were prepared. The synthesized compounds are promising isosteres of benzene and cycloalkane rings, which is confirmed by their physicochemical and structural characterization (pKa , LogP, and exit vector parameters (EVP)). "Rules of thumb" for the upcoming isosteric replacement studies were proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr V Semeno
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | | | - Ihor M Fesun
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Liudmyla Yu Ruzhylo
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- National Technical University of Ukraine " Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Beresteiskyi Ave. 37, Kyїv, 03056, Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo O Kipriianov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- National Technical University of Ukraine " Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Beresteiskyi Ave. 37, Kyїv, 03056, Ukraine
| | - Kostiantyn P Melnykov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | | | - Rustam Iminov
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
| | | | - Bohdan V Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyїv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyїv, 01601, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Garsi JB, Guggari S, Deis T, Ma M, Hocine S, Hanessian S. 2-Oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane as a Platform for Functional Diversity: Synthesis of Backbone-Constrained γ-Amino Acid Analogues. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11261-11273. [PMID: 35900070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We communicate a versatile synthetic approach to C-3 disubstituted 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes as carbon-atom bridged morpholines, starting with 4R-hydroxy-l-proline as a chiron. Attaching an acetic acid moiety on the C-3 carbon of the 2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane core reveals the framework of an embedded γ-amino butyric acid (GABA). Variations in the nature of the substituent on the tertiary C-3 atom with different alkyls or aryls led to backbone-constrained analogues of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs baclofen and pregabalin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Garsi
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Solène Guggari
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Thomas Deis
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Myles Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Sofiane Hocine
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yin Z, Hu W, Zhang W, Konno H, Moriwaki H, Izawa K, Han J, Soloshonok VA. Tailor-made amino acid-derived pharmaceuticals approved by the FDA in 2019. Amino Acids 2020; 52:1227-1261. [PMID: 32880009 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) are among a handful of paramount classes of compounds innately involved in the origin and evolution of all known life-forms. Along with basic scientific explorations, the major goal of medicinal chemistry research in the area of tailor-made AAs is the development of more selective and potent pharmaceuticals. The growing acceptance of peptides and peptidomimetics as drugs clearly indicates that AA-based molecules become the most successful structural motif in the modern drug design. In fact, among 24 small-molecule drugs approved by FDA in 2019, 13 of them contain a residue of AA or di-amines or amino-alcohols, which are commonly considered to be derived from the parent AAs. In the present review article, we profile 13 new tailor-made AA-derived pharmaceuticals introduced to the market in 2019. Where it is possible, we will discuss the development form drug-candidates, total synthesis, with emphasis on the core-AA, therapeutic area, and the mode of biological activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Yin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Wenfei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Department of Biological Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Moriwaki
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd, 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan
| | - Kunisuke Izawa
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd, 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan
| | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain. .,Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, Plaza Bizkaia, 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu J, Han J, Izawa K, Sato T, White S, Meanwell NA, Soloshonok VA. Cyclic tailor-made amino acids in the design of modern pharmaceuticals. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112736. [PMID: 32966895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tailor-made AAs are indispensable components of modern medicinal chemistry and are becoming increasingly prominent in new drugs. In fact, about 30% of small-molecule pharmaceuticals contain residues of tailor-made AAs or structurally related diamines and amino-alcohols. Cyclic tailor-made AAs present a particular value to rational structural design by virtue of their local conformational constraints and are widely used in lead optimization programs. The present review article highlights 34 compounds, all of which are derived from cyclic AAs, representing recently-approved, small-molecule pharmaceuticals as well as promising drug candidates currently in various phases of clinical study. For each compound, the discussion includes the discovery, therapeutic profile and optimized synthesis, with a focus on the preparation of cyclic tailor-made AA as the principal structural feature. The present review article is intended to serve as a reference source for organic, medicinal and process chemists along with other professionals working in the fields of drug design and pharmaceutical discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kunisuke Izawa
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan.
| | - Tatsunori Sato
- Hamari Chemicals Ltd., 1-4-29 Kunijima, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan
| | - Sarah White
- Oakwood Chemical, Inc, 730 Columbia Hwy. N, Estill, SC, 29918, USA
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box, 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543 4000, United States
| | - Vadim A Soloshonok
- Department of Organic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel Lardizábal 3, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, Plaza Bizkaia, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen M, Liu CT, Tang Y. Discovery and Biocatalytic Application of a PLP-Dependent Amino Acid γ-Substitution Enzyme That Catalyzes C-C Bond Formation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10506-10515. [PMID: 32434326 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes can catalyze transformations of l-amino acids at α, β, and γ positions. These enzymes are frequently involved in the biosynthesis of nonproteinogenic amino acids as building blocks of natural products and are attractive biocatalysts. Here, we report the discovery of a two-step enzymatic synthesis of (2S,6S)-6-methyl pipecolate 1, from the biosynthetic pathway of citrinadin. The key enzyme CndF is PLP-dependent and catalyzes the synthesis of (S)-2-amino-6-oxoheptanoate 3 that is in equilibrium with the cyclic Schiff base. The second enzyme CndE is a stereoselective imine reductase that gives 1. Biochemical characterization of CndF showed this enzyme performs γ-elimination of O-acetyl-l-homoserine to generate the vinylglycine ketimine, which is subjected to nucleophilic attack by acetoacetate to form the new Cγ-Cδ bond in 3 and complete the γ-substitution reaction. CndF displays promiscuity toward different β-keto carboxylate and esters. With use of an Aspergillus strain expressing CndF and CndE, feeding various alkyl-β-keto esters led to the biosynthesis of 6-substituted l-pipecolates. The discovery of CndF expands the repertoire of reactions that can be catalyzed by PLP-dependent enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengbin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Chun-Ting Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Semeno VV, Vasylchenko VO, Vashchenko BV, Lutsenko DO, Iminov RT, Volovenko OB, Grygorenko OO. Building the Housane: Diastereoselective Synthesis and Characterization of Bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane Carboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2321-2337. [PMID: 31859505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
An approach to 1,3-disubstitued bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane (housane) derivatives was developed. The method relied on lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide-mediated intramolecular cyclization of trisubstitued cyclopentane carboxylates bearing a leaving group (at the C-4 position) and an additional substituent (at the C-3 atom), in turn synthesized from cyclopent-3-ene carboxylate. The synthetic sequence allowed for the preparation of both cis- and trans-1,3-disubstituted housane-1-carboxylic acids in diastereoselective manner on up to 80 g scale. In particular, bicyclic γ-amino acids-γ-aminobutyric acid analogues-were synthesized. It was shown that the bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane did not significantly affect pKa of the corresponding derivatives and slightly increased their hydrophilicity (by 0.07-0.25 Log P units) as compared to cyclopentane. X-ray diffraction studies showed that cis- and trans-1,3-disubstituted housanes can be considered as flattened analogues of the corresponding cyclopentane derivatives with fixed envelope conformation of the five-membered ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr V Semeno
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
| | - Vadym O Vasylchenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine.,National Technical University of Ukraine ″Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute″ , Prospect Peremogy 37 , Kyiv 03056 , Ukraine
| | - Bohdan V Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska Street 60 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine
| | - Dmytro O Lutsenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
| | - Rustam T Iminov
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
| | - Olesia B Volovenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska Street 60 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sokolenko YM, Yurov YY, Vashchenko BV, Hryshchuk OV, Filimonova Y, Ostapchuk EN, Artemenko A, Zaremba OV, Grygorenko OO. Far Away from Flatland. Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Dihetera[3.3. n]propellanes and Trihetera[3.3. n]propellanes: Advanced Analogues of Morpholine/Piperazine. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13908-13921. [PMID: 31509707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An approach to di- and trihetera[3.3.n]propellanes (n = 2-4 ), advanced morpholine and piperazine analogues, is developed. The key step of the reaction sequence included a [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of unsaturated vicinal dicarboxylic acid derivatives and in situ generated azomethine ylide resulting in the formation of the pyrrolidine ring. One more heteroaliphatic ring (i.e., pyrrolidine or tetrahydrofuran) was annelated by nucleophilic cyclization of the appropriate 1,4-dielectrophilic intermediates. There were 11 examples of the title products obtained in 3-5 steps on a multigram scale with 10-72% overall yields. Additionally, molecular structures of homologous dihetera[3.3.n]propellanes, analogues of morpholine, were obtained from X-ray diffraction studies and analyzed using exit vector plots (EVPs). It was shown that the scaffolds obtained are somewhat larger as compared to the parent morpholine and bicyclic 3-oxa-7-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane. Moreover, despite very similar chemical structures, they provide a very distinct spatial position of heteroatoms, which is clearly seen from the conformation adopted by a formal eight-membered ring including both N and O atoms (i.e., crown, boat-chair, twist chair-chair, and boat-boat for the oxaza[3.3.2]-, -[3.3.3]-, -[4.3.3]propellanes, and 3-oxa-7-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yevhenii M Sokolenko
- Enamine Ltd. , Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska Street 60 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine
| | - Yevhen Yu Yurov
- Enamine Ltd. , Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska Street 60 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine
| | - Bohdan V Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd. , Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska Street 60 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr V Hryshchuk
- Enamine Ltd. , Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska Street 60 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine
| | | | - Eugeniy N Ostapchuk
- Enamine Ltd. , Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska Street 60 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine
| | - Artem Artemenko
- Enamine Ltd. , Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
| | - Oleg V Zaremba
- Enamine Ltd. , Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. , Chervonotkatska Street 78 , Kyiv 02094 , Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Volodymyrska Street 60 , Kyiv 01601 , Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|