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Avola R, Graziano ACE, Madrid A, Clericuzio M, Cardile V, Russo A. Pholiotic acid promotes apoptosis in human metastatic melanoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 390:110894. [PMID: 38301881 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mushrooms produce a great variety of secondary metabolites that can be successful in both prevention and treatment of various cancers. In particular, higher Basidiomycete mushrooms contain various types of biologically active low-molecular compounds in fruiting bodies with suggested anticarcinogenic effects. The polyamine analogue {(2R)-2-[(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryloxy] putrescine dicinnamamide} indicated with the name pholiotic acid, isolated for the first time by us from the fruiting bodies of the Basidiomycete Pholiota spumosa (Fr.) Sing. (Strophariaceae), inhibited the viability of human prostate cancer cells, such as other polyamine synthetic analogues that have shown antitumor activity in several types of cancer, including melanoma. Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer that can metastasize to other organs and presents a high resistance to conventional therapies. In light of these considerations, the present study was therefore designed to assess whether this putrescine derivative could inhibit the growth of human metastatic melanoma cell lines, M14 and A2058. The results obtained demonstrate that this natural compound, at 12.5-50 μM concentration, was able to reduce cell viability of both cancer cells inducing cell death by intrinsic apoptotic pathway that probably involves PTEN activity, inhibition of Hsp70 expression and reactive oxygen species production. On the other hand, the increased expression of enzymes involved in polyamine catabolism trigger apoptotic cell death leading to polyamine depletion and generation of reactive oxygen species as by-products. In conclusion, these findings, starting point for further investigation, implement available our data to support pholiotic acid as an attractive potential chemopreventive agent, and provide a basis for further research into the use of this polyamine derivative as potential anticancer agent for melanoma in combination with existing therapies to improve treatment efficacy and overcome the obstacle of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Avola
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna "Kore", 94100, Enna, Italy
| | - A C E Graziano
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna "Kore", 94100, Enna, Italy
| | - A Madrid
- Dept. de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Avda. Leopoldo Carvallo 270, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, 2340000, Chile
| | - M Clericuzio
- Dept. of Science and Technological Innovation, University of Piemonte Orientale, V.le T. Michel 11, 15121, Alessandria, Italy
| | - V Cardile
- Dept. of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia, 89, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - A Russo
- Dept. of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
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Farhan M, Rizvi A, Aatif M, Ahmad A. Current Understanding of Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy and Prevention. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040481. [PMID: 37110140 PMCID: PMC10142845 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, with multiple pathophysiological manifestations. In particular, genetic abnormalities, inflammation, bad eating habits, radiation exposure, work stress, and toxin consumption have been linked to cancer disease development and progression. Recently, natural bioactive chemicals known as polyphenols found in plants were shown to have anticancer capabilities, destroying altered or malignant cells without harming normal cells. Flavonoids have demonstrated antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. Flavonoid type, bioavailability, and possible method of action determine these biological actions. These low-cost pharmaceutical components have significant biological activities and are beneficial for several chronic disorders, including cancer. Recent research has focused primarily on isolating, synthesizing, and studying the effects of flavonoids on human health. Here we have attempted to summarize our current knowledge of flavonoids, focusing on their mode of action to better understand their effects on cancer.
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Tian HW, Chang YX, Hu XY, Shah MR, Li HB, Guo DS. Supramolecular imaging of spermine in cancer cells. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15362-15368. [PMID: 34498658 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04328e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As an important biomarker, the overexpressed spermine has been widely investigated for cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, bioimaging of spermine in living cells is still a formidable challenge. Herein, we design a supramolecular imaging ensemble for spermine by the host-guest complexation of amphiphilic sulfonatocalix[5]arene (SC5A12C) assembly with lucigenin (LCG). Strong binding ability and complexation-induced fluorescence quenching properties enable SC5A12C to quench the fluorescence of LCG dramatically and to recover it completely due to the competition of overexpressed spermine in cancer cells. SC5A12C also exhibits excellent biocompatibility and promotes cellular uptake due to its ability to form ultra-stable assembly. Co-assembling folate further promotes the cellular uptake of folate receptor overexpressed cancer cells, contributing to enhanced bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wen Tian
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yu-Xuan Chang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Xin-Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Forni C, Rossi M, Borromeo I, Feriotto G, Platamone G, Tabolacci C, Mischiati C, Beninati S. Flavonoids: A Myth or a Reality for Cancer Therapy? Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123583. [PMID: 34208196 PMCID: PMC8230897 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutraceuticals are biologically active molecules present in foods; they can have beneficial effects on health, but they are not available in large enough quantities to perform this function. Plant metabolites, such as polyphenols, are widely diffused in the plant kingdom, where they play fundamental roles in plant development and interactions with the environment. Among these, flavonoids are of particular interest as they have significant effects on human health. In vitro and/or in vivo studies described flavonoids as essential nutrients for preventing several diseases. They display broad and promising bioactivities to fight cancer, inflammation, bacterial infections, as well as to reduce the severity of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. Therefore, it is not surprising that interest in flavonoids has sharply increased in recent years. More than 23,000 scientific publications on flavonoids have described the potential anticancer activity of these natural molecules in the last decade. Studies, in vitro and in vivo, show that flavonoids exhibit anticancer properties, and many epidemiological studies confirm that dietary intake of flavonoids leads to a reduced risk of cancer. This review provides a glimpse of the mechanisms of action of flavonoids on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Forni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (G.P.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Massimiliano Rossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (G.P.); (S.B.)
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Borromeo
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giordana Feriotto
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Giovambattista Platamone
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (G.P.); (S.B.)
- PhD Program in Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Tabolacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Mischiati
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Simone Beninati
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.R.); (G.P.); (S.B.)
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Torricelli P, Elia AC, Magara G, Feriotto G, Forni C, Borromeo I, De Martino A, Tabolacci C, Mischiati C, Beninati S. Reduction of oxidative stress and ornithine decarboxylase expression in a human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 by a combined treatment with α-tocopherol and naringenin. Amino Acids 2021; 53:63-72. [PMID: 33398525 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of a human aggressive PC-3 cancer cell line was obtained, in a previous investigation, by the synergic effect of α-tocopherol (α-TOC) and naringenin (NG). This combined treatment induced apoptosis and subsequent reduction of the PC-3 cell proliferation and invasion, by a pro-differentiating action. Since one of the peculiar characteristics of NG and α-TOC is their strong antioxidant activity, this study aimed to investigate their potential effect on the activity of the main enzymes involved in the antioxidant mechanism in prostate cancer cells. NG and α-TOC administered singularly or combined in the PC-3 cell line, affected the activity of several enzymes biomarkers of the cellular antioxidant activity, as well as the concentration of total glutathione (GSH + GSSG) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The combined treatment increased the TBARS levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, while decreased the glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), and glyoxalase I (GI) activities. The results obtained indicate that a combined treatment with these natural compounds mitigated the oxidative stress in the human PC-3 cell line. In addition, a significant reduction of both ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) expression and intracellular levels of polyamines, both well-known positive regulators of cell proliferation, accompanied the reduction of oxidative stress observed in the combined α-TOC and NG treatment. Considering the established role of polyamines in cell differentiation, the synergism with NG makes α-TOC a potential drug for further study on the differentiation therapy in prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia Concetta Elia
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Magara
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giordana Feriotto
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cinzia Forni
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Borromeo
- Department of Physics, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Tabolacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Mischiati
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Simone Beninati
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Mischiati C, Feriotto G, Tabolacci C, Domenici F, Melino S, Borromeo I, Forni C, De Martino A, Beninati S. Polyamine Oxidase Is Involved in Spermidine Reduction of Transglutaminase Type 2-Catalyzed βH-Crystallins Polymerization in Calcium-Induced Experimental Cataract. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5427. [PMID: 32751462 PMCID: PMC7432200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In an in vitro Ca2+-induced cataract model, the progression of opacification is paralleled by a rapid decrease of the endogenous levels of spermidine (SPD) and an increase of transglutaminase type 2 (TG2, EC 2.3.2.13)-catalyzed lens crystallins cross-linking by protein-bound N1-N8-bis(γ-glutamyl) SPD. This pattern was reversed adding exogenous SPD to the incubation resulting in a delayed loss of transparency of the rabbit lens. The present report shows evidence on the main incorporation of SPD by the catalytic activity of TG2, toward βH-crystallins and in particular to the βB2- and mostly in βB3-crystallins. The increase of endogenous SPD in the cultured rabbit lens showed the activation of a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent polyamine oxidases (PAO EC 1.5.3.11). As it is known that FAD-PAO degrades the N8-terminal reactive portion of N1-mono(γ-glutamyl) SPD, the protein-bound N8-mono(γ-glutamyl) SPD was found the mainly available derivative for the potential formation of βB3-crystallins cross-links by protein-bound N1-N8-bis(γ-glutamyl)SPD. In conclusion, FAD-PAO degradation of the N8-terminal reactive residue of the crystallins bound N1-mono(γ-glutamyl)SPD together with the increased concentration of exogenous SPD, leading to saturation of glutamine residues on the substrate proteins, drastically reduces N1-N8-bis(γ-glutamyl)SPD crosslinks formation, preventing crystallins polymerization and avoiding rabbit lens opacification. The ability of SPD and MDL 72527 to modulate the activities of TG2 and FAD-PAO involved in the mechanism of lens opacification suggests a potential strategy for the prevention of senile cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Mischiati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Giordana Feriotto
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Claudio Tabolacci
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabio Domenici
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (S.M.)
| | - Ilaria Borromeo
- Department of Physics, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Forni
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Angelo De Martino
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Simone Beninati
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (A.D.M.)
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Li P, Wu G. Composition of amino acids and related nitrogenous nutrients in feedstuffs for animal diets. Amino Acids 2020; 52:523-542. [PMID: 32162082 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02833-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the composition of amino acids (AAs) in oligopeptides, proteins, and the free pool, as well as creatine, agmatine, polyamines, carnosine, anserine, and glutathione, in animal- and plant-derived feedstuffs. Ingredients of animal origins were black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFM), chicken by-product meal, chicken visceral digest, feather meal, Menhaden fishmeal, Peruvian anchovy fishmeal, Southeast Asian fishmeal, spray-dried peptone from enzymes-treated porcine mucosal tissues, poultry by-product meal (pet-food grade), spray-dried poultry plasma, and spray-dried egg product. Ingredients of plant origins were algae spirulina meal, soybean meal, and soy protein concentrate. All animal-derived feedstuffs contained large amounts of all proteinogenic AAs (particularly glycine, proline, glutamate, leucine, lysine, and arginine) and key nonproteinogenic AAs (taurine and 4-hydroxyproline), as well as significant amounts of agmatine, polyamines, creatine, creatinine, creatine phosphate, and glutathione. These nitrogenous substances are essential to either DNA and protein syntheses in cells or energy metabolism in tissues (particularly the brain and skeletal muscle). Of note, chicken by-product meal, poultry by-product meal, and spray-dried poultry plasma contained large amounts of carnosine and anserine (potent antioxidants). Compared with most of the animal-derived feedstuffs, plant-derived feedstuffs contained much lower contents of glycine and proline, little 4-hydroxyproline, and no creatine, creatinine, creatine phosphate, carnosine or anserine. These results indicate the unique importance of animal-source feedstuffs in improving the feed efficiency, growth and health of animals (including fish and companion animals). Because soy protein concentrate is consumed by infants, children and adults, as are BSFM and algae for children and adults, our findings also have important implications for human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- North American Renderers Association, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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Oral nutritional supplement prevents weight loss and reduces side effects in patients in advanced lung cancer chemotherapy. Amino Acids 2020; 52:445-451. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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