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Karanfil AS, Louis F, Sowa Y, Matsusaki M. Cationic polymer effect on brown adipogenic induction of dedifferentiated fat cells. Mater Today Bio 2024; 27:101157. [PMID: 39113911 PMCID: PMC11304885 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and its associated comorbidities place a substantial burden on public health. Given the considerable potential of brown adipose tissue in addressing metabolic disorders that contribute to dysregulation of the body's energy balance, this area is an intriguing avenue for research. This study aimed to assess the impact of various polymers, including collagen type I, fibronectin, laminin, gelatin, gellan gum, and poly-l-lysine (PLL), on the in vitro brown adipogenic differentiation of dedifferentiated fat cells within a fibrin gel matrix. The findings, obtained through RT-qPCR, immunofluorescent imaging, ELISA assay, and mitochondria assessment, revealed that PLL exhibited a significant browning-inducing effect. Compared to fibrin-only brown-like drops after two weeks of incubation in brown adipogenic medium, PLL showed 6 (±3) times higher UCP1 gene expression, 5 (±2) times higher UCP1 concentration by ELISA assay, and 2 (±1) times higher mitochondrial content. This effect can be attributed to PLL's electrostatic properties, which potentially facilitate the cellular uptake of crucial brown adipogenic inducers such as the thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T3), and insulin from the induction medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Sena Karanfil
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Osaka University, Japan
| | - Fiona Louis
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Osaka University, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sowa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Osaka University, Japan
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Osaka University, Japan
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Karanfil AS, Louis F, Sowa Y, Matsusaki M. Polyelectrolyte nanofilms on cell surface can induce brown adipogenic differentiation of DFATs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 733:150432. [PMID: 39043001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and its related health issues significantly burden public health systems. Brown adipose tissue holds promise for addressing metabolic disorders and balancing the body's energy, making it a key research focus. Stimulating brown adipogenesis from stem cells could advance regenerative medicine and healthcare. In our previous research, we discovered that poly-l-lysine (PLL) significantly stimulates brown adipogenesis in three-dimensional differentiation of dedifferentiated fat cells (DFATs) within fibrin gels. In this study, we evaluated polyelectrolyte (PE) nanofilms made of PLL and dextran sulfate, applied directly to DFAT surfaces to improve brown adipogenic differentiation through an innovative approach. This approach involved coating the DFAT surfaces with PE nanofilms, forming a multilayer structure that not only provided a supportive matrix but also facilitated the adsorption of essential molecules like T3 and insulin for brown adipogenesis. DFATs coated with three PE layers and encapsulated in fibrin gel showed a significant increase in the adipogenic marker UCP1 gene expression and content. This PLL-based PE nanofilm coating on DFAT surfaces can be a novel and crucial technology for promoting brown adipogenesis in regenerative medicine and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Sena Karanfil
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Osaka University, Japan
| | - Fiona Louis
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Osaka University, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sowa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi Japan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Osaka University, Japan; Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Graduate School of Osaka University, Japan.
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Pourshahrestani S, Zeimaran E, Fauzi MB. Antibacterial polylysine-containing hydrogels for hemostatic and wound healing applications: preparation methods, current advances and future perspectives. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3293-3320. [PMID: 38747970 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01792c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The treatment of various types of wounds such as dermal wounds, multidrug resistant bacteria-infected wounds, and chronic diabetic wounds is one of the critical challenges facing healthcare systems. Delayed wound healing can impose a remarkable burden on patients and health care professionals. In this case, given their unique three-dimensional porous structure, biocompatibility, high hydrophilicity, capability to provide a moist environment while absorbing wound exudate, permeability to both gas and oxygen, and tunable mechanical properties, hydrogels with antibacterial function are one of the most promising candidates for wound healing applications. Polylysine is a cationic polymer with the advantages of inherent antibacterial properties, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Therefore, its utilization to engineer antibacterial hydrogels for accelerating wound healing is of great interest. In this review, we initially discuss polylysine properties, and then focus on the most recent advances in polylysine-containing hydrogels (since 2016) prepared using various chemical and physical crosslinking methods for hemostasis and wound healing applications. Finally, the challenges and future directions in the engineering of these antibacterial hydrogels for wound healing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pourshahrestani
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Ehsan Zeimaran
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia.
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Rocha DN, Carvalho ED, Pires LR, Gardin C, Zanolla I, Szewczyk PK, Machado C, Fernandes R, Stachewicz U, Zavan B, Relvas JB, Pêgo AP. It takes two to remyelinate: A bioengineered platform to study astrocyte-oligodendrocyte crosstalk and potential therapeutic targets in remyelination. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213429. [PMID: 37148597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The loss of the myelin sheath insulating axons is the hallmark of demyelinating diseases. These pathologies often lead to irreversible neurological impairment and patient disability. No effective therapies are currently available to promote remyelination. Several elements contribute to the inadequacy of remyelination, thus understanding the intricacies of the cellular and signaling microenvironment of the remyelination niche might help us to devise better strategies to enhance remyelination. Here, using a new in vitro rapid myelinating artificial axon system based on engineered microfibres, we investigated how reactive astrocytes influence oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation and myelination ability. This artificial axon culture system enables the effective uncoupling of molecular cues from the biophysical properties of the axons, allowing the detailed study of the astrocyte-OL crosstalk. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) were cultured on poly(trimethylene carbonate-co-ε-caprolactone) copolymer electrospun microfibres that served as surrogate axons. This platform was then combined with a previously established tissue engineered glial scar model of astrocytes embedded in 1 % (w/v) alginate matrices, in which astrocyte reactive phenotype was acquired using meningeal fibroblast conditioned medium. OPCs were shown to adhere to uncoated engineered microfibres and differentiate into myelinating OL. Reactive astrocytes were found to significantly impair OL differentiation ability, after six and eight days in a co-culture system. Differentiation impairment was seen to be correlated with astrocytic miRNA release through exosomes. We found significantly reduction on the expression of pro-myelinating miRNAs (miR-219 and miR-338) and an increase in anti-myelinating miRNA (miR-125a-3p) content between reactive and quiescent astrocytes. Additionally, we show that OPC differentiation inhibition could be reverted by rescuing the activated astrocytic phenotype with ibuprofen, a chemical inhibitor of the small rhoGTPase RhoA. Overall, these findings show that modulating astrocytic function might be an interesting therapeutic avenue for demyelinating diseases. The use of these engineered microfibres as an artificial axon culture system will enable the screening for potential therapeutic agents that promote OL differentiation and myelination while providing valuable insight on the myelination/remyelination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela N Rocha
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva D Carvalho
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana R Pires
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Chiara Gardin
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, 48033 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanolla
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Piotr K Szewczyk
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Cláudia Machado
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Fernandes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Urszula Stachewicz
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - João B Relvas
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Pêgo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-343 Porto, Portugal.
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Protease-catalyzed synthesis of α-poly-L-Lysine and amphiphilic poly(L-lysine-co-L-phenylalanine) in a neat non-toxic organic solvent. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:515-522. [PMID: 36539643 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Subtilisin Carlsberg (alkaline protease from Bacillus licheniformis) catalyzes the syntheses of high molecular weights (ca. 20 KDa) cationic α-poly-L-lysine and amphiphilic poly(α-L-lysine-co-L-phenylalanine) in neat organic solvent. The synthesis is conducted in liquid 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane solvent, which is a hydrophobic non-toxic gas that does not deplete the ozone layer and approved for pharmaceutical applications. Solubility of substrates and adequate protease activity in this system with low water environment limits the reaction of hydrolysis of the growing peptide chains. The pressurization of this organic compressed fluid to liquid has low-pressure requirements (25 bar, 40 ºC), and its complete evaporation at atmospheric pressure after completing the reaction ensures solvent-free residues in products. The resulting polypeptides present null cytotoxicity according to MTT and NR analyses, as well as Calcein/EthD-1 assay in human cells.
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