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Chen Q, Fang Z, Yang Z, Xv X, Yang M, Hou H, Li Z, Chen Y, Gong A. Lactobacillus plantarum-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Macrophage Polarization and Gut Homeostasis for Alleviating Ulcerative Colitis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14713-14726. [PMID: 38885172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles released by probiotics have been demonstrated to effectively alleviate intestinal inflammation, yet the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this research, for the first time, Lactobacillus plantarum UJS001 (LP-UJS) was isolated from fermented sauerkraut in Zhenjiang, China. Thereafter, the therapeutic effect of LP-UJS-derived extracellular vesicles (LP-UJS-EVs) on dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice was analyzed to elucidate the immune mechanisms. According to our findings, LP-UJS-EVs played a pivotal role in restoring the intestinal barrier and alleviating intestinal inflammation. Notably, LP-UJS-EVs induced M2 polarization of macrophages, promoted the release of IL-10 and TGF-β, inhibited the release of histamine, IL-6, and TNF-α, and exerted regulatory effects on intestinal microflora, as evidenced by the reduced abundances of Coprococcus, Parabacteroides, Staphylococcus, and Allobaculum, alongside the enhanced abundance of Prevotella. Furthermore, both LP-UJS and LP-UJS-EVs affected the lysine degradation pathway and significantly increased the abundance of related metabolites, especially oxoadipic acid. In summary, our results underscore the substantial therapeutic potential of LP-UJS and its secreted EVs in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Zhengzou Fang
- Hematological Disease Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Hematological Disease Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212003, China
| | - Xiao Xv
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Mengting Yang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Hanjin Hou
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Zhangzuo Li
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
- Hematological Disease Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212003, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Aihua Gong
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212003, China
- Hematological Disease Institute of Jiangsu University, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212003, China
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Scuto M, Rampulla F, Reali GM, Spanò SM, Trovato Salinaro A, Calabrese V. Hormetic Nutrition and Redox Regulation in Gut-Brain Axis Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:484. [PMID: 38671931 PMCID: PMC11047582 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hormetic nutrition for enhancing stress resilience and overall human health have received much attention. Recently, the gut-brain axis has attracted prominent interest for preventing and therapeutically impacting neuropathologies and gastrointestinal diseases. Polyphenols and polyphenol-combined nanoparticles in synergy with probiotics have shown to improve gut bioavailability and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, thus inhibiting the oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunction and inflammation linked to gut dysbiosis and ultimately the onset and progression of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. In accordance with hormesis, polyphenols display biphasic dose-response effects by activating at a low dose the Nrf2 pathway resulting in the upregulation of antioxidant vitagenes, as in the case of heme oxygenase-1 upregulated by hidrox® or curcumin and sirtuin-1 activated by resveratrol to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, microbiota dysfunction and neurotoxic damage. Importantly, modulation of the composition and function of the gut microbiota through polyphenols and/or probiotics enhances the abundance of beneficial bacteria and can prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders. Interestingly, dysregulation of the Nrf2 pathway in the gut and the brain can exacerbate selective susceptibility under neuroinflammatory conditions to CNS disorders due to the high vulnerability of vagal sensory neurons to oxidative stress. Herein, we aimed to discuss hormetic nutrients, including polyphenols and/or probiotics, targeting the Nrf2 pathway and vitagenes for the development of promising neuroprotective and therapeutic strategies to suppress oxidative stress, inflammation and microbiota deregulation, and consequently improve cognitive performance and brain health. In this review, we also explore interactions of the gut-brain axis based on sophisticated and cutting-edge technologies for novel anti-neuroinflammatory approaches and personalized nutritional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.R.); (G.M.R.); (S.M.S.); (V.C.)
| | | | | | | | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.R.); (G.M.R.); (S.M.S.); (V.C.)
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Malaisé Y, Casale E, Pettes-Duler A, Cartier C, Gaultier E, Martins Breyner N, Houdeau E, Evariste L, Lamas B. Validating Enteroid-Derived Monolayers from Murine Gut Organoids for Toxicological Testing of Inorganic Particles: Proof-of-Concept with Food-Grade Titanium Dioxide. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2635. [PMID: 38473881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Human exposure to foodborne inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) is a growing concern. However, identifying potential hazards linked to NP ingestion often requires long-term exposure in animals. Owing these constraints, intestinal organoids are a promising alternative to in vivo experiments; as such, an in vitro approach should enable a rapid and reliable assessment of the effects of ingested chemicals on the gut. However, this remains to be validated for inorganic substances. In our study, a transcriptomic analysis and immunofluorescence staining were performed to compare the effects of food-grade TiO2 (fg-TiO2) on enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) from murine intestinal organoids to the known impacts of TiO2 on intestinal epithelium. After their ability to respond to a pro-inflammatory cytokine cocktail was validated, EDMs were exposed to 0, 0.1, 1, or 10 µg fg-TiO2/mL for 24 h. A dose-related increase of the muc2, vilin 1, and chromogranin A gene markers of cell differentiation was observed. In addition, fg-TiO2 induced apoptosis and dose-dependent genotoxicity, while a decreased expression of genes encoding for antimicrobial peptides, and of genes related to tight junction function, was observed. These results validated the use of EDMs as a reliable model for the toxicity testing of foodborne NPs likely to affect the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Malaisé
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Eva Casale
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Aurélie Pettes-Duler
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Christel Cartier
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Gaultier
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Natalia Martins Breyner
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Eric Houdeau
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Lauris Evariste
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Lamas
- Toxalim UMR1331 (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Toulouse University, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France
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Yvon S, Beaumont M, Dayonnet A, Eutamène H, Lambert W, Tondereau V, Chalvon-Demersay T, Belloir P, Paës C. Effect of diet supplemented with functional amino acids and polyphenols on gut health in broilers subjected to a corticosterone-induced stress. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1032. [PMID: 38200093 PMCID: PMC10781708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To address the overuse of antimicrobials in poultry production, new functional feed ingredients, i.e. ingredients with benefits beyond meeting basic nutritional requirements, can play a crucial role thanks to their prophylactic effects. This study evaluated the effects of the supplementation of arginine, threonine and glutamine together with grape polyphenols on the gut integrity and functionality of broilers facing a stress condition. 108 straight-run newly hatched Ross PM3 chicks were kept until 35 days and were allocated to 3 treatments. Broilers in the control group were raised in standard conditions. In experimental groups, birds were administered with corticosterone in drinking water (CORT groups) to impair the global health of the animal and were fed a well-balanced diet supplemented or not with a mix of functional amino acids together with grape extracts (1 g/kg of diet-CORT + MIX group). Gut permeability was significantly increased by corticosterone in non-supplemented birds. This corticosterone-induced stress effect was alleviated in the CORT + MIX group. MIX supplementation attenuated the reduction of crypt depth induced by corticosterone. Mucin 2 and TNF-α gene expression was up-regulated in the CORT + MIX group compared to the CORT group. Caecal microbiota remained similar between the groups. These findings indicate that a balanced diet supplemented with functional AA and polyphenols can help to restore broiler intestinal barrier after a stress exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Yvon
- INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université De Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Beaumont
- GenPhySE, INRAE, ENVT, Université De Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Hélène Eutamène
- INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université De Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Valérie Tondereau
- INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Université De Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Charlotte Paës
- INP-Purpan, Toulouse, France.
- GenPhySE, INRAE, ENVT, Université De Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
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Kiernan DP, O’Doherty JV, Sweeney T. The Effect of Prebiotic Supplements on the Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Associated Health Parameters in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3012. [PMID: 37835619 PMCID: PMC10572080 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing a balanced and diverse microbiota in the GIT of pigs is crucial for optimizing health and performance throughout the production cycle. The post-weaning period is a critical phase, as it is often associated with dysbiosis, intestinal dysfunction and poor performance. Traditionally, intestinal dysfunctions associated with weaning have been alleviated using antibiotics and/or antimicrobials. However, increasing concerns regarding the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria has prompted an industry-wide drive towards identifying natural sustainable dietary alternatives. Modulating the microbiota through dietary intervention can improve animal health by increasing the production of health-promoting metabolites associated with the improved microbiota, while limiting the establishment and proliferation of pathogenic bacteria. Prebiotics are a class of bioactive compounds that resist digestion by gastrointestinal enzymes, but which can still be utilized by beneficial microbes within the GIT. Prebiotics are a substrate for these beneficial microbes and therefore enhance their proliferation and abundance, leading to the increased production of health-promoting metabolites and suppression of pathogenic proliferation in the GIT. There are a vast range of prebiotics, including carbohydrates such as non-digestible oligosaccharides, beta-glucans, resistant starch, and inulin. Furthermore, the definition of a prebiotic has recently expanded to include novel prebiotics such as peptides and amino acids. A novel class of -biotics, referred to as "stimbiotics", was recently suggested. This bioactive group has microbiota-modulating capabilities and promotes increases in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in a disproportionally greater manner than if they were merely substrates for bacterial fermentation. The aim of this review is to characterize the different prebiotics, detail the current understating of stimbiotics, and outline how supplementation to pigs at different stages of development and production can potentially modulate the GIT microbiota and subsequently improve the health and performance of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon P. Kiernan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - John V. O’Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Torres Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 W6F6 Dublin, Ireland;
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Hodkovicova N, Halas S, Tosnerova K, Stastny K, Svoboda M. The use of functional amino acids in different categories of pigs - A review. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:299-312. [PMID: 37982122 PMCID: PMC10646542 DOI: 10.17221/72/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review deals with a particularly important topic: the use of functional amino acids in different categories of pigs. It is especially relevant in the context of the current efforts to reduce the use of antibiotics in pig farming and the search for possible alternatives to replace them. The review is based on the definition that functional amino acids (FAAs) are classified as dispensable amino acids, but with additional biological functions, i.e., not only are they used for protein formation, but they are also involved in regulating essential metabolic pathways to improve health, survival, growth, and development. We describe the mechanism of action of individual FAAs and their potential use in pigs, including glutamate, glutamine, arginine, branched-chain amino acids (i.e., leucine, isoleucine, and valine), tryptophan and glycine. The work is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the FAAs and their role in the overall health of sows and their offspring. The second part describes the use of functional amino acids in piglets after weaning. Part three examines the use of functional amino acids in growing and fattening pigs and their impact on meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Hodkovicova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simon Halas
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Kristina Tosnerova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Stastny
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Svoboda
- Ruminant and Swine Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Fraga AZ, Campos PHRF, Hauschild L, Chalvon-Demersay T, Beaumont M, Le Floc’h N. A blend of functional amino acids and grape polyphenols improves the pig capacity to cope with an inflammatory challenge caused by poor hygiene of housing conditions. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:25. [PMID: 36717823 PMCID: PMC9887908 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary supplementation with a blend of functional amino acids (AA) and grape extract polyphenols contributes to preserve intestinal health and growth performance of piglets during the post-weaning period. In the present experiment, we assessed if a supplementation with a mix of AA and grape extract polyphenols during the post-weaning period would persist to improve the pig capacity to cope with a subsequent challenge caused by poor hygiene of housing conditions. Eighty pigs weaned at 28 days of age were fed a standard diet supplemented (AAP) or not (CNT) with 0.2% of a blend of AA (glutamine, arginine, cystine, valine, isoleucine, and leucine) and grape extract polyphenols during the post-weaning period (from week 0 to 6). At week 6, pigs were transferred to a growing unit where 50% of pigs previously fed AAP and CNT diets were housed in good and the other 50% in poor hygiene conditions for 3 weeks (from week 7 to 9; challenge period). All pigs were fed a standard growing diet that was not supplemented with AAP. We measured pig growth performance, plasma indicators of inflammation, digestive integrity, and oxidative status, and scored fecal consistency. Differences were considered significant at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS One week post-weaning, pigs fed AAP had lower plasma concentrations of haptoglobin than CNT pigs (P = 0.03). Six weeks post-weaning, plasma concentrations of diamine oxidase (DAO) were lower (P = 0.03) whereas those of vitamin E and A were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in pigs fed AAP compared to CNT pigs. The prevalence of diarrhea was higher in CNT pigs compared to AAP pigs (P < 0.01). During the challenge period, only pigs previously fed CNT diet had lower growth rate in poor than good conditions (P ≤ 0.05). They had also greater plasma concentrations of haptoglobin and oxidative stress index (OSI) and lower plasma concentrations of vitamin E in poor than good hygiene conditions (P ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pigs fed AAP diet during post-weaning had less diarrhea and plasma concentrations of a digestive integrity marker, as well as greater plasma concentrations of antioxidant indicators during the post-weaning period. The beneficial effects of AAP supplementation persisted after the post-weaning period as evidenced by the absence of effects of the hygiene challenge on growth and health indicators in pigs previously fed APP. This clearly indicated a greater ability of pigs fed AAP to cope with the poor hygiene conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alícia Zem Fraga
- grid.463756.50000 0004 0497 3491PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint Gilles, France ,grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900 Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Hauschild
- grid.410543.70000 0001 2188 478XDepartment of Animal Science, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900 Brazil
| | | | - Martin Beaumont
- grid.508721.9GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalie Le Floc’h
- grid.463756.50000 0004 0497 3491PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro, 35590 Saint Gilles, France
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