Age curves of bone mineral density at the distal radius and calcaneus in Koreans

Association between bone turnover markers, bone mineral density, and serum osteoglycine in middle-aged men with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND

Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have decreased bone health. We aimed to investigate serum levels of bone turnover markers (BTMs) (markers of bone formation and bone resorption) and bone mineral density (BMD) at three sites (lumber, neck femur, and total femur) in middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes and to analyze the relationship between them. Also to evaluate serum osteoglycin as a novel marker and its relation to BTMs, BMD, and diabetic status.

METHODS

We recruited seventy-eight patients with T2DM and thirteen non-diabetic, male volunteers as a control group. BMD was measured using a DEXA scan. BTMs (carboxy-terminal crosslinking telopeptide of type 1 collagen [CTX] and procollagen type 1 N propeptide [P1NP]), osteoglycin, PTH, and vitamin D were estimated. Data was compared among subjects and statistical analysis was performed.

RESULTS

Most of the patients were having normal BMD with no significant difference between patients and the controls. BTMs and osteoglycin were significantly higher and vitamin D was significantly lower in the diabetic patients. Serum osteoglycin was positively correlated with DEXA Neck Femur (r = 0.233; p-value < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Body mass index and Serum osteoglycin have a significant positive effect on BMD. Both markers of bone formation and bone resorption were increased indicating a state of increased bone turnover in T2DM.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry interpretation and reporting in children and adolescents: the revised 2013 ISCD Pediatric Official Positions

The International Society for Clinical Densitometry Official Revised Positions on reporting of densitometry results in children represent current expert recommendations to assist health care providers determine which skeletal sites should be measured, which, if any, adjustments should be made, reference databases to be used, and the elements to include in a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry report. The recommended scanning sites remain the total body less head and the posterior-anterior spine. Other sites such as the proximal femur, lateral distal femur, lateral vertebral assessment, and forearm are discussed but are only recommended for specific pediatric populations. Different methods of interpreting bone density scans in children with short stature or growth delay are presented. The use of bone mineral apparent density and height-adjusted Z-scores are recommended as suitable size adjustment techniques. The validity of appropriate reference databases and technical considerations to consider when upgrading software and hardware remain unchanged. Updated reference data sets for all contemporary bone densitometers are listed. The inclusion of relevant demographic and health information, technical details of the scan, Z-scores, and the wording "low bone mass or bone density" for Z-scores less than or equal to -2.0 standard deviation are still recommended for clinical practice. The rationale and evidence for the development of the Official Positions are provided. Changes in the grading of quality of evidence, strength of recommendation, and worldwide applicability represent a change in current evidence and/or differences in opinion of the expert panelists used to validate the position statements for the 2013 Position Development Conference.

Association between bone mineral density and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) influences bone metabolism, but the relation of T2DM with bone mineral density (BMD) remains inconsistent across studies. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis and meta-regression of the literature to estimate the difference in BMD (g/cm²) between diabetic and non-diabetic populations, and to investigate potential underlying mechanisms. A literature search was performed in PubMed and Ovid extracting data from articles prior to May 2010. Eligible studies were those where the association between T2DM and BMD measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was evaluated using a cross-sectional, cohort or case–control design, including both healthy controls and subjects with T2DM. The analysis was done on 15 observational studies (3,437 diabetics and 19,139 controls). Meta-analysis showed that BMD in diabetics was significantly higher, with pooled mean differences of 0.04 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.05) at the femoral neck, 0.06 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.08) at the hip and 0.06 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.07) at the spine. The differences for forearm BMD were not significantly different between diabetics and non-diabetics. Sex-stratified analyses showed similar results in both genders. Substantial heterogeneity was found to originate from differences in study design and possibly diabetes definition. Also, by applying meta-regression we could establish that younger age, male gender, higher body mass index and higher HbA_1C were positively associated with higher BMD levels in diabetic individuals. We conclude that individuals with T2DM from both genders have higher BMD levels, but that multiple factors influence BMD in individuals with T2DM.

Association between bone mineral density and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) influences bone metabolism, but the relation of T2DM with bone mineral density (BMD) remains inconsistent across studies. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis and meta-regression of the literature to estimate the difference in BMD (g/cm(2)) between diabetic and non-diabetic populations, and to investigate potential underlying mechanisms. A literature search was performed in PubMed and Ovid extracting data from articles prior to May 2010. Eligible studies were those where the association between T2DM and BMD measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was evaluated using a cross-sectional, cohort or case-control design, including both healthy controls and subjects with T2DM. The analysis was done on 15 observational studies (3,437 diabetics and 19,139 controls). Meta-analysis showed that BMD in diabetics was significantly higher, with pooled mean differences of 0.04 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.05) at the femoral neck, 0.06 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.08) at the hip and 0.06 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.07) at the spine. The differences for forearm BMD were not significantly different between diabetics and non-diabetics. Sex-stratified analyses showed similar results in both genders. Substantial heterogeneity was found to originate from differences in study design and possibly diabetes definition. Also, by applying meta-regression we could establish that younger age, male gender, higher body mass index and higher HbA(1C) were positively associated with higher BMD levels in diabetic individuals. We conclude that individuals with T2DM from both genders have higher BMD levels, but that multiple factors influence BMD in individuals with T2DM.

Association between bone mineral density and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) influences bone metabolism, but the relation of T2DM with bone mineral density (BMD) remains inconsistent across studies. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis and meta-regression of the literature to estimate the difference in BMD (g/cm(2)) between diabetic and non-diabetic populations, and to investigate potential underlying mechanisms. A literature search was performed in PubMed and Ovid extracting data from articles prior to May 2010. Eligible studies were those where the association between T2DM and BMD measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was evaluated using a cross-sectional, cohort or case-control design, including both healthy controls and subjects with T2DM. The analysis was done on 15 observational studies (3,437 diabetics and 19,139 controls). Meta-analysis showed that BMD in diabetics was significantly higher, with pooled mean differences of 0.04 (95% CI: 0.02, 0.05) at the femoral neck, 0.06 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.08) at the hip and 0.06 (95% CI: 0.04, 0.07) at the spine. The differences for forearm BMD were not significantly different between diabetics and non-diabetics. Sex-stratified analyses showed similar results in both genders. Substantial heterogeneity was found to originate from differences in study design and possibly diabetes definition. Also, by applying meta-regression we could establish that younger age, male gender, higher body mass index and higher HbA(1C) were positively associated with higher BMD levels in diabetic individuals. We conclude that individuals with T2DM from both genders have higher BMD levels, but that multiple factors influence BMD in individuals with T2DM.