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Zhou L, Zhao S, Xing X. Effects of different signaling pathways on odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells: a review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1272764. [PMID: 37929208 PMCID: PMC10622672 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1272764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a type of mesenchymal stem cells that can differentiate into odontoblast-like cells and protect the pulp. The differentiation of DPSCs can be influenced by biomaterials or growth factors that activate different signaling pathways in vitro or in vivo. In this review, we summarized six major pathways involved in the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs, Wnt signaling pathways, Smad signaling pathways, MAPK signaling pathways, NF-kB signaling pathways, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, and Notch signaling pathways. Various factors can influence the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs through one or more signaling pathways. By understanding the interactions between these signaling pathways, we can expand our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xianghui Xing
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Pan H, Yang Y, Xu H, Jin A, Huang X, Gao X, Sun S, Liu Y, Liu J, Lu T, Wang X, Zhu Y, Jiang L. The odontoblastic differentiation of dental mesenchymal stem cells: molecular regulation mechanism and related genetic syndromes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1174579. [PMID: 37818127 PMCID: PMC10561098 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1174579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that can differentiate into multiple lineages including odontoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, neural cells, myocytes, cardiomyocytes, adipocytes, endothelial cells, melanocytes, and hepatocytes. Odontoblastic differentiation of DMSCs is pivotal in dentinogenesis, a delicate and dynamic process regulated at the molecular level by signaling pathways, transcription factors, and posttranscriptional and epigenetic regulation. Mutations or dysregulation of related genes may contribute to genetic diseases with dentin defects caused by impaired odontoblastic differentiation, including tricho-dento-osseous (TDO) syndrome, X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH), Raine syndrome (RS), hypophosphatasia (HPP), Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia (SIOD), and Elsahy-Waters syndrome (EWS). Herein, recent progress in the molecular regulation of the odontoblastic differentiation of DMSCs is summarized. In addition, genetic syndromes associated with disorders of odontoblastic differentiation of DMSCs are discussed. An improved understanding of the molecular regulation and related genetic syndromes may help clinicians better understand the etiology and pathogenesis of dentin lesions in systematic diseases and identify novel treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houwen Pan
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiling Yang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongyuan Xu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Anting Jin
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangru Huang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyuan Sun
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanqi Liu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingwei Lu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Zhu
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyong Jiang
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Fu Y, Miyazaki K, Chiba Y, Funada K, Yuta T, Tian T, Mizuta K, Kawahara J, Zhang L, Martin D, Iwamoto T, Takahashi I, Fukumoto S, Yoshizaki K. Identification of GPI-anchored protein LYPD1 as an essential factor for odontoblast differentiation in tooth development. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104638. [PMID: 36963497 PMCID: PMC10130355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains rich in cholesterol, sphingolipids, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs), and receptors. These lipid raft components are localized at the plasma membrane and are essential for signal transmission and organogenesis. However, few reports have been published on the specific effects of lipid rafts on tooth development. Using microarray and single-cell RNA sequencing methods, we found that a GPI-AP, lymphocyte antigen-6/Plaur domain-containing 1 (Lypd1), was specifically expressed in preodontoblasts. Depletion of Lypd1 in tooth germ using an ex vivo organ culture system and in mouse dental pulp (mDP) cells resulted in the inhibition of odontoblast differentiation. Activation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling by BMP2 treatment in mDP cells promoted odontoblast differentiation via phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8, while this BMP2-mediated odontoblast differentiation was inhibited by depletion of Lypd1. Furthermore, we created a deletion construct of the C terminus containing the omega site in LYPD1; this site is necessary for localizing GPI-APs to the plasma membrane and lipid rafts. We identified that this site is essential for odontoblast differentiation and morphological change of mDP cells. These findings demonstrated that LYPD1 is a novel marker of preodontoblasts in the developing tooth; in addition, they suggest that LYPD1 is important for tooth development and that it plays a pivotal role in odontoblast differentiation by regulating Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation through its effect as a GPI-AP in lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanako Miyazaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuta Chiba
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan; Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keita Funada
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yuta
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tian Tian
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kanji Mizuta
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kawahara
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ling Zhang
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daniel Martin
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tsutomu Iwamoto
- Division of Oral Health Sciences, Department of Pediatric Dentistry/Special Needs Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takahashi
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumoto
- Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan; Section of Pediatric Dentistry, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan; Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Community Social Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Keigo Yoshizaki
- Section of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan; Dento-Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research Center, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Lef1 ablation alleviates cartilage mineralization following posttraumatic osteoarthritis induction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116855119. [PMID: 35594394 PMCID: PMC9173807 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116855119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cartilage mineralization is imperative in various processes such as skeletal growth and fracture repair. However, this process may also be pathological, as in the case of the degenerative joint disease, osteoarthritis (OA). Using a posttraumatic OA model (PTOA), we find that cartilage-specific Sirt1 genetic nulls caused severe synovitis and mineralization of the lateral joint compartment, due to augmented Lef1 gene expression. Conversely, cartilage-specific Lef1 nulls exhibited impaired synovitis and mineralization of the lateral joint, accompanied by a reduction of local pain. Consistently, transcriptomic profiles of Lef1-ablated chondrocytes exhibited enhanced anabolism, yet impaired pathways related to calcification and inflammation. Accordingly, cartilage mineralization of the lateral joint compartment relies on amplified inflammatory pathways, contributing to articular damage following PTOA. Cartilage mineralization is a tightly controlled process, imperative for skeletal growth and fracture repair. However, in osteoarthritis (OA), cartilage mineralization may impact the joint range of motion, inflict pain, and increase chances for joint effusion. Here we attempt to understand the link between inflammation and cartilage mineralization by targeting Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1), both reported to have contrasting effects on cartilage. We find that inflammatory-dependent cleavage of SIRT1 or its cartilage-specific genetic ablation, directly enhanced LEF1 expression accompanied by a catabolic response. Applying a posttraumatic OA (PTOA) model to cartilage-specific Sirt1 nulls displayed severe OA, which was accompanied by synovitis, meniscal mineralization, and osteophyte formation of the lateral joint compartment. Alternatively, cartilage-specific Lef1 nulls presented reduced lateral mineralization, OA severity, and local pain. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that Lef1 ablation reduced nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and Toll-like receptor (Tlr) pathways, while enhancing SRY-Box transcription factor 9 (Sox9) and cartilaginous extracellular matrix genes. The results support a link between inflammation and Lef1-dependent cartilage mineralization, mediated by the inactivation of Sirt1. By ablating Lef1 in a PTOA model, the structural and pain-related phenotypes of OA were reduced, in part, by preventing cartilage mineralization of the lateral joint compartment, partially manifested by meniscal tissue mineralization. Overall, these data provide a molecular axis to link between inflammation and cartilage in a PTOA model.
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Tokavanich N, Wein MN, English JD, Ono N, Ono W. The Role of Wnt Signaling in Postnatal Tooth Root Development. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021; 2:769134. [PMID: 35782525 PMCID: PMC9248717 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.769134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate tooth root formation and tooth eruption are critical for achieving and maintaining good oral health and quality of life. Tooth eruption is the process through which teeth emerge from their intraosseous position to their functional position in the oral cavity. This temporospatial process occurs simultaneously with tooth root formation through a cascade of interactions between the epithelial and adjoining mesenchymal cells. Here, we will review the role of the Wnt system in postnatal tooth root development. This signaling pathway orchestrates the process of tooth root formation and tooth eruption in conjunction with several other major signaling pathways. The Wnt signaling pathway is comprised of the canonical, or Wnt/β-catenin, and the non-Canonical signaling pathway. The expression of multiple Wnt ligands and their downstream transcription factors including β-catenin is found in the cells in the epithelia and mesenchyme starting from the initiation stage of tooth development. The inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling in an early stage arrests odontogenesis. Wnt transcription factors continue to be present in dental follicle cells, the progenitor cells responsible for differentiation into cells constituting the tooth root and the periodontal tissue apparatus. This expression occurs concurrently with osteogenesis and cementogenesis. The conditional ablation of β-catenin in osteoblast and odontoblast causes the malformation of the root dentin and cementum. On the contrary, the overexpression of β-catenin led to shorter molar roots with thin and hypo-mineralized dentin, along with the failure of tooth eruption. Therefore, the proper expression of Wnt signaling during dental development is crucial for regulating the proliferation, differentiation, as well as epithelial-mesenchymal interaction essential for tooth root formation and tooth eruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicha Tokavanich
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marc N. Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeryl D. English
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Noriaki Ono
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Wanida Ono
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, TX, United States
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Vijaykumar A, Mina M. Lithium Chloride Exerts Differential Effects on Dentinogenesis and Osteogenesis in Primary Pulp Cultures. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.649500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is known to play essential roles in odontoblast differentiation and reparative dentin formation. Various Wnt activators including LiCl have been increasingly studied for their effectiveness to induce repair of the dentin-pulp complex. LiCl is a simple salt thought to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling by inhibiting GSK3β. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies showed that LiCl increased odontoblast differentiation and enhanced reparative dentin formation. However, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms by which LiCl regulates odontoblast and osteoblast differentiation during reparative dentinogenesis are not well-understood. Our in vitro studies show that exposure of early dental pulp progenitors to LiCl increased the survival and the pool of αSMA+ progenitors, leading to enhanced odontoblast and osteoblast differentiation. The positive effects of LiCl in the differentiation of osteoblasts and odontoblasts from αSMA+ progenitors are mediated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our results also showed that continuous and late exposure of dental pulp cells to LiCl increased the expression of odontoblast markers through Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and the number of odontoblasts expressing DMP1-Cherry and DSPP-Cerulean transgenes. However, unlike the early treatment, both continuous and late treatments decreased the expression of Bsp and the expression of BSP-GFPtpz transgene. These observations suggest that prolonged treatment with LiCl in more mature cells of the dental pulp has an inhibitory effect on osteoblast differentiation. The inhibitory effects of LiCl on osteogenesis and Bsp were not mediated through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These observations suggest that the effects of LiCl, and GSK3β antagonists on reparative dentinogenesis involve multiple pathways and are not specific to Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Kato Y, Yokose S. Oxytocin Facilitates Dentinogenesis of Rat Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2021; 47:592-599. [PMID: 33422572 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oxytocin (OT) is a neurohypophysial hormone that plays a role in lactation and parturition and exerts diverse biological actions via the OT receptor. Recently, several studies have reported that OT stimulates bone formation by osteoblasts in osteoporosis. We focused on OT and hypothesized that OT can stimulate the differentiation of odontoblasts as well as osteoblasts. The aim of this study was to verify whether OT is an essential factor in dentinogenesis; we examined the effects of OT on dentinogenesis using a long-term culture system of rat dental pulp cells. METHODS Using a culture system of rat dental pulp cells with Otr knocked out by CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, we examined the effects of OT on odontoblastlike cell differentiation as reflected by dentin formation. RESULTS We confirmed that OT stimulated mineralized nodule formation and the expression of both dentin sialoprotein and bone Gla protein messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in the culture system. Interestingly, the cultured cells treated with OT also exhibited an increase of both Wnt10a and Lef-1 mRNA. The Otr knockout cells showed inhibition of nodule formation and mRNA expression, and these phenomena remained despite OT treatment. These results indicate the following: OT regulates odontoblastlike cell differentiation via the OT receptor, it stimulates dentin formation, and the Wnt canonical pathway is closely related to these effects. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that OT can promote odontoblastlike cell differentiation, resulting in increased dentin formation, and that OT could be an important factor for dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Kato
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Yokose
- Division of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama, Japan
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Vijaykumar A, Root SH, Mina M. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Promotes the Formation of Preodontoblasts In Vitro. J Dent Res 2020; 100:387-396. [PMID: 33103548 DOI: 10.1177/0022034520967353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontoblast differentiation is a complex and multistep process regulated by signaling pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Both positive and negative effects of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on dentinogenesis have been reported, but the underlying mechanisms of these conflicting results are still unclear. To gain a better insight into the role of Wnt/β-catenin in dentinogenesis, we used dental pulp cells from a panel of transgenic mice, in which fluorescent protein expression identifies cells at different stages of odontoblast and osteoblast differentiation. Our results showed that exposure of pulp cells to WNT3a at various times and durations did not induce premature differentiation of odontoblasts. These treatments supported the survival of undifferentiated cells in dental pulp and promoted the formation of 2.3GFP+ preodontoblasts and their rapid transition into differentiated odontoblasts expressing DMP1-Cherry and DSPP-Cerulean transgenes. WNT3a also promoted osteogenesis in dental pulp cultures. These findings provide critical information for the development of improved treatments for vital pulp therapy and dentin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vijaykumar
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - S H Root
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - M Mina
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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Rahman SU, Oh JH, Cho YD, Chung SH, Lee G, Baek JH, Ryoo HM, Woo KM. Fibrous Topography-Potentiated Canonical Wnt Signaling Directs the Odontoblastic Differentiation of Dental Pulp-Derived Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17526-17541. [PMID: 29741358 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanofibrous engineered matrices have significant potential in cellular differentiation and tissue regeneration. Stem cells require specific extracellular signals that lead to the induction of different lineages. However, the mechanisms by which the nanofibrous matrix promotes mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the mechanisms that underlie nanofibrous matrix-induced odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp MSCs (DP-MSCs). An electrospun polystyrene nanofibrous (PSF) matrix was prepared, and the cell responses to the PSF matrix were assessed in comparison with those on conventional tissue culture dishes. The PSF matrix promoted the expression of Wnt3a, Wnt5a, Wnt10a, BMP2, BMP4, and BMP7 in the DP-MSCs, concomitant with the induction of odontoblast/osteoblast differentiation markers, dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein, whose levels were further enhanced by treatment with recombinant Wnt3a. The DP-MSCs cultured on the PSF matrix also exhibited a high alkaline phosphatase activity and intense Alizarin Red staining, indicating that the PSF matrix promotes odontoblast differentiation. Besides inducing the expression of Wnt3a, the PSF matrix maintained high levels of β-catenin protein and enhanced its translocation to the nucleus, leading to its transcriptional activity. Forced expression of LEF1 or treatments with LiCl further enhanced the DSPP expression. Blocking the Wnt3a-initiated signaling abrogated the PSF-induced DSPP expression. Furthermore, the cells on the PSF matrix increased the DSPP promoter activity. The β-catenin complex was bound to the conserved motifs on the DSPP promoter dictating its transcription. Transplantations of the preodontoblast-seeded PSF matrix to the subcutaneous tissues of nude mice confirmed the association of the PSF matrix with the Wnt3a and DSPP expressions in vivo. Taken together, these results demonstrate the nanofibrous engineered matrix strongly supports odontoblastic differentiation of DP-MSCs by enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Feng XY, Wu XS, Wang JS, Zhang CM, Wang SL. Homeobox protein MSX-1 inhibits expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2, bone morphogenetic protein 4, and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling to prevent differentiation of dental mesenchymal cells during the late bell stage. Eur J Oral Sci 2017; 126:1-12. [PMID: 29148101 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Homeobox protein MSX-1 (hereafter referred to as MSX-1) is essential for early tooth-germ development. Tooth-germ development is arrested at bud stage in Msx1 knockout mice, which prompted us to study the functions of MSX-1 beyond this stage. Here, we investigated the roles of MSX-1 during late bell stage. Mesenchymal cells of the mandibular first molar were isolated from mice at embryonic day (E)17.5 and cultured in vitro. We determined the expression levels of β-catenin, bone morphogenetic protein 2 (Bmp2), Bmp4, and lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (Lef1) after knockdown or overexpression of Msx1. Our findings suggest that knockdown of Msx1 promoted expression of Bmp2, Bmp4, and Lef1, resulting in elevated differentiation of odontoblasts, which was rescued by blocking the expression of these genes. In contrast, overexpression of Msx1 decreased the expression of Bmp2, Bmp4, and Lef1, leading to a reduction in odontoblast differentiation. The regulation of Bmp2, Bmp4, and Lef1 by Msx1 was mediated by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Additionally, knockdown of Msx1 impaired cell proliferation and slowed S-phase progression, while overexpression of Msx1 also impaired cell proliferation and prolonged G1-phase progression. We therefore conclude that MSX-1 maintains cell proliferation by regulating transition of cells from G1-phase to S-phase and prevents odontoblast differentiation by inhibiting expression of Bmp2, Bmp4, and Lef1 at the late bell stage via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Feng
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Wu
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Song Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Mei Zhang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song-Lin Wang
- Salivary Gland Disease Center and Molecular Laboratory for Gene Therapy and Tooth Regeneration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Babb R, Chandrasekaran D, Carvalho Moreno Neves V, Sharpe PT. Axin2-expressing cells differentiate into reparative odontoblasts via autocrine Wnt/β-catenin signaling in response to tooth damage. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3102. [PMID: 28596530 PMCID: PMC5465208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In non-growing teeth, such as mouse and human molars, primary odontoblasts are long-lived post-mitotic cells that secrete dentine throughout the life of the tooth. New odontoblast-like cells are only produced in response to a damage or trauma. Little is known about the molecular events that initiate mesenchymal stem cells to proliferate and differentiate into odontoblast-like cells in response to dentine damage. The reparative and regenerative capacity of multiple mammalian tissues depends on the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated the molecular role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in reparative dentinogenesis using an in vivo mouse tooth damage model. We found that Axin2 is rapidly upregulated in response to tooth damage and that these Axin2-expressing cells differentiate into new odontoblast-like cells that secrete reparative dentine. In addition, the Axin2-expressing cells produce a source of Wnt that acts in an autocrine manner to modulate reparative dentinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Babb
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Dhivya Chandrasekaran
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, UK
| | | | - Paul T Sharpe
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Dental Institute, Kings College London, London, UK.
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Ozeki N, Hase N, Higuchi N, Hiyama T, Yamaguchi H, Kawai R, Matsumoto T, Nakata K, Mogi M. RETRACTED: Gelatin scaffold combined with bone morphogenetic protein-4 induces odontoblast-like cell differentiation involving integrin profile changes, autophagy-related gene 10, and Wnt5 sequentially in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Differentiation 2017; 93:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Bae CH, Kim TH, Ko SO, Lee JC, Yang X, Cho ES. Wntless regulates dentin apposition and root elongation in the mandibular molar. J Dent Res 2015; 94:439-45. [PMID: 25595365 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514567198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays an essential role in the dental epithelium and mesenchyme during tooth morphogenesis. However, it remains unclear if Wnt ligands, produced from dental mesenchyme, are necessary for odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. Here, we show that odontoblast-specific disruption of Wntless (Wls), a chaperon protein that regulates Wnt sorting and secretion, leads to severe defects in dentin formation and root elongation. Dentin thickness decreased remarkably and pulp chambers enlarged in the mandibular molars of OC-Cre;Wls(CO/CO) mice. Although the initial odontoblast differentiation was normal in the mutant crown, odontoblasts became cuboidal and dentin thickness was reduced. In immunohistochemistry, Wnt10a, β-catenin, type I collagen, and dentin sialoprotein were significantly down-regulated in the odontoblasts of mutant crown. In addition, roots were short and root canals were widened. Cell proliferation was reduced in the developing root apex of mutant molars. Furthermore, Wnt10a and Axin2 expression was remarkably decreased in the odontoblasts of mutant roots. Deletion of the Wls gene in odontoblasts appears to reduce canonical Wnt activity, leading to inhibition of odontoblast maturation and root elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Bae
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - T H Kim
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - S O Ko
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - J C Lee
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - X Yang
- Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - E S Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
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Ferreira MRW, Dernowsek J, Passos GA, Bombonato-Prado KF. Undifferentiated pulp cells and odontoblast-like cells share genes involved in the process of odontogenesis. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 60:593-9. [PMID: 25621937 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Expression of a large number of genes during differentiation of undifferentiated pulp cells into odontoblastic cells is still unknown, hence the aim of this investigation was to compare undifferentiated pulp cells (OD-21) and odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23) through the assessment of cell stimulation and gene expression profiling. DESIGN The cells were cultured and after the experimental periods, there were evaluated cell proliferation and viability as well as alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and mineralization nodules. To evaluate gene expression it was used fluorescence cDNA microarray technology in addition to bioinformatics programmes such as SAM (significance analysis of microarrays). Gene expression was validated by Real Time PCR (qPCR). RESULTS The results showed that viability was above 80% in both cells, cell proliferation and ALP activity was higher in MDPC-23 cells and mineralization nodules were present only in the cultures of odontoblast-like cells. There were observed genes associated to odontogenesis with similar behaviour in both cell types, such as Il10, Traf6, Lef1 and Hspa8. Regions of the heatmap showed differences in induction and repression of genes such as Jak2 and Fas. CONCLUSION OD-21 cells share many genes with similar behaviour to MDPC-23 cells, suggesting their potential to differentiate into odontoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidy Rehder Wimmers Ferreira
- Cell Culture Laboratory - Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Janaína Dernowsek
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group - Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Geraldo A Passos
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group - Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Fittipaldi Bombonato-Prado
- Cell Culture Laboratory - Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Koizumi Y, Kawashima N, Yamamoto M, Takimoto K, Zhou M, Suzuki N, Saito M, Harada H, Suda H. Wnt11 expression in rat dental pulp and promotional effects of Wnt signaling on odontoblast differentiation. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2013; 53:101-8. [PMID: 23998262 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) integration site family (Wnt) are frequently accompanied with tooth and dentin abnormality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Wnt signaling on odontoblast differentiation of mouse dental papilla cells (MDPs). Mouse dental papilla cells were cultured in α-modified minimum essential medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics. Odontoblast differentiation was induced by bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2), and the expression of odontoblast-specific markers and Wnt-related signaling molecules was analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Odontoblast differentiation was evaluated by dentin sialophosphoprotein (Dspp) and dentin matrix protein (DMP) 1 expression. Localization of β-catenin in MDPs was detected by immunocytochemistry using an anti-β-catenin antibody. Dspp expression in MDPs was upregulated in the presence of BMP2. Wnt5a, Wnt11, Lef1 and Tcf4 expression was upregulated in BMP2-treated MDPs. Wnt11 expression was detected in rat dental pulp in vivo, and particularly strong expression of Wnt11 was detected in odontoblasts. Enhanced Dspp and DMP1 expression and alkaline phosphatase activity induced by BMP2 were completely negated by the Wnt antagonist: IWR-1-endo treatment. Nuclear translocation of β-catenin observed in BMP2-treated MDPs was also negated by IWR-1-endo treatment. These results indicate that Wnt signaling upregulates odontoblast marker expression in MDPs, suggesting a promoting effect of Wnt signaling on odontoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Koizumi
- Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical & Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kanyama M, Shimo T, Sugito H, Nagayama M, Kuboki T, Pacifici M, Koyama E. Regulation of CCN2 gene expression and possible roles in developing tooth germs. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1659-66. [PMID: 24112732 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CCN proteins are extracellular and cell-associated molecules involved in several developmental processes, but their expression patterns and regulation in tooth development remain unclear. Here we first determined the expression patterns of CCN genes in mouse tooth germs. We found that at early stages CCN2 was detected in dental lamina, dental mesenchyme, and primary enamel knot, while other CCN family members were expressed broadly. By the bell stage, all members were expressed in differentiating odontoblasts and ameloblasts, but CCN1 and CCN2 transcripts were conspicuous in differentiating osteoblasts in dental follicle. Next, we asked what signalling molecules regulate CCN2 expression and what roles CCN2 may have. We found that upon surgical removal of dental epithelium CCN2 was not longer expressed in dental mesenchyme in cultured bud stage germs. Implantation of beads pre-coated with BMPs and FGFs onto E12-13 mandibular explants induced CCN2 expression in dental mesenchyme. There was a dose-dependent effect of BMP-4 on CCN2 induction; a concentration of 100 ng/μl was able to induce strong CCN2 expression while a minimum concentration of 25 ng/μl was needed to elicit appreciable expression. Importantly, Noggin treatment inhibited endogenous and BMP-induced CCN2 expression, verifying that CCN2 expression in developing tooth germs requires BMP signalling. Lastly, we found that rCCN2 stimulated proliferation in dental mesenchyme in a dose-dependent manner. Together, the data indicate that expression of CCN genes is spatio-temporally regulated in developing tooth germs. CCN2 expression appears to depend on epithelial and mesenchymal-derived signalling factors, and CCN2 can elicit strong proliferation in dental mesenchyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Kanyama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.
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Nakatomi M, Ida-Yonemochi H, Ohshima H. Lymphoid Enhancer-binding Factor 1 Expression Precedes Dentin Sialophosphoprotein Expression during Rat Odontoblast Differentiation and Regeneration. J Endod 2013; 39:612-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kim T, Bae C, Lee J, Ko S, Yang X, Jiang R, Cho E. β-catenin is Required in Odontoblasts for Tooth Root Formation. J Dent Res 2013; 92:215-21. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034512470137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tooth root is an important part of the tooth that works together with the surrounding periodontium to maintain the tooth in the alveolar socket. The root develops after crown morphogenesis. While the molecular and cellular mechanisms of early tooth development and crown morphogenesis have been extensively studied, little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling tooth root formation. Here, we show that β-catenin is strongly expressed in odontoblast-lineage cells and is required for root formation. Tissue-specific inactivation of β-catenin in developing odontoblasts produced molars lacking roots and aberrantly thin incisors. At the beginning of root formation in the mutant molars, the cervical loop epithelium extended apically to form Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath (HERS), but root odontoblast differentiation was disrupted and followed by the loss of some HERS inner layer cells. However, the outer layer of the HERS extended without the root, and the mutant molars finally erupted. The periodontal tissues extensively invaded the dental pulp. These results indicate that there is a cell-autonomous requirement for Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the dental mesenchyme for root formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.H. Kim
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - C.H. Bae
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - J.C. Lee
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - S.O. Ko
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
| | - X. Yang
- Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, China
| | - R. Jiang
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - E.S. Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea
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Application of laser-induced bone therapy by carbon dioxide laser irradiation in implant therapy. Int J Dent 2012; 2012:409496. [PMID: 22505900 PMCID: PMC3296302 DOI: 10.1155/2012/409496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the application of laser-induced bone therapy (LIBT) to reduce implant healing time in rat tibia. Twenty 10-week-old female Sprague-Dawlay rats were used. The rats received laser irradiation (laser group) or sham operation (control group) on either side of the tibia. Five days after invasion, titanium implants were inserted in proximal tibia. Five, 10, and 20 days after implant placement, tibiae were collected. After taking micro-CT and performing a torque test, the tibiae were decalcified and 8-μm-thick sections were prepared. Specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results. Micro-CT images, removal torque values, and histomorphometric analysis data demonstrated a significantly accelerated bone formation in the laser group earlier in the healing process. Conclusion. The use of laser irradiation was effective in promoting bone formation and acquiring osseointegration of titanium implants inserted in rat tibia. LIBT may be suitable for use in implant therapy.
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Kim TH, Lee JY, Baek JA, Lee JC, Yang X, Taketo MM, Jiang R, Cho ES. Constitutive stabilization of ß-catenin in the dental mesenchyme leads to excessive dentin and cementum formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 412:549-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Naka T, Yokose S. Spatiotemporal expression of sclerostin in odontoblasts during embryonic mouse tooth morphogenesis. J Endod 2011; 37:340-5. [PMID: 21329818 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sclerostin is the product of the SOST gene. Loss-of-function mutations in the SOST gene result in a high bone mass phenotype, thus confirming that sclerostin is a negative regulator of bone mass. SOST knockdown in humans also causes oral and dental malformations. However, the relationship between sclerostin and tooth development is unclear. METHODS Using immunohistochemical techniques, we investigated sclerostin expression during fetal mouse tooth development and adult mouse tooth morphogenesis. RESULTS Sclerostin was expressed in the secretory odontoblasts located along the ameloblasts of fetal mouse tooth germ and adult incisor. Sclerostin expression was also observed in the fetal and adult osteocytes in the jaw bone. CONCLUSION These results suggest that sclerostin, one of the important regulatory factors of differentiated odontoblast function, may usable in vital pulp therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Naka
- Division of Restorative Dentistry, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Ohu University, School of Dentistry, Fukushima, Japan
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