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Yoshinari N, Kuwamura N, Kojima T, Konno T. Development of coordination chemistry with thiol-containing amino acids. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Binding of the anticancer Ti(IV) complex phenolaTi to serum proteins: Thermodynamic and kinetic aspects. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 232:111817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Güette Fernández JR, Pita XN, Meléndez E, Parés Matos EI. Interaction of metallocene dichlorides with apo-human transferrin: A spectroscopic study and cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (EDMOND, OKLA.) 2020; 5:79-109. [PMID: 33205002 PMCID: PMC7668563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metallocene dichlorides (Cp2M(IV)Cl2) are the first class of small and hydrophobic organometallic compounds classified as anticancer agents against numerous cancer cell lines and tumors. In this study, the antiproliferative activities of Cp2VCl2,Cp2NbCl2, Cp2HfCl2 and Cp2ZrCl2were assessed on two human cancer cell lines (HT-29 and MCF-7) using MTT assay. Spectroscopic studies were also conducted using these and other known metallocene dichlorides on apo-human transferrin (apo-hTf) at pH 7.4. UV-Vis and CD showed that their interaction with apo-hTf could induce conformational changes of its secondary structure during binding process. In fluorescence, a decrease in intensity of the emission peak was observed when the apo-hTf:Cp2M(IV)Cl2 complex is being formed, probably due to changes in the microenvironment of its tyrosine and tryptophan residues. Among all metallocene dichlorides studied, Cp2VCl2 has the strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of apo-hTf through a static quenching mechanism. The association constants for each protein-compound complex were also determined at different temperatures (296 K, 303 K, 310 K, and 317 K) based on fluorescence quenching results. Positive enthalpy changes (ΔH) and entropy changes (ΔS) as well as negative free energies (ΔG) suggest that hydrophobic interactions are the main intermolecular forces involved in the binding process, probably via an endothermic and spontaneous reaction mechanism. The distance, r, between donor (apo-hTf) and acceptor (Cp2M(IV)Cl2) obtained according to Forster's theory of non-radiation energy transfer suggest that the energy transfer from apo-hTf to Cp2M(IV)Cl2 occurs with high probability and distances obtained by FRET with high accuracy.
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Loza-Rosas SA, Vázquez-Salgado AM, Rivero KI, Negrón LJ, Delgado Y, Benjamín-Rivera JA, Vázquez-Maldonado AL, Parks TB, Munet-Colón C, Tinoco AD. Expanding the Therapeutic Potential of the Iron Chelator Deferasirox in the Development of Aqueous Stable Ti(IV) Anticancer Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:7788-7802. [PMID: 28644630 PMCID: PMC5557045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The recent X-ray structure of titanium(IV)-bound human serum transferrin (STf) exhibiting citrate as a synergistic anion reveals a difference in Ti(IV) coordination versus iron(III), the metal endogenously delivered by the protein to cells. This finding enriches our bioinspired drug design strategy for Ti(IV)-based anticancer therapeutics, which applies a family of Fe(III) chelators termed chemical transferrin mimetic (cTfm) ligands to inhibit Fe bioavailability in cancer cells. Deferasirox, a drug used for iron overload disease, is a cTfm ligand that models STf coordination to Fe(III), favoring Fe(III) binding versus Ti(IV). This metal affinity preference drives deferasirox to facilitate the release of cytotoxic Ti(IV) intracellularly in exchange for Fe(III). An aqueous speciation study performed by potentiometric titration from pH 4 to 8 with micromolar levels of Ti(IV) deferasirox at a 1:2 ratio reveals exclusively Ti(deferasirox)2 in solution. The predominant complex at pH 7.4, [Ti(deferasirox)2]2-, exhibits the one of the highest aqueous stabilities observed for a potent cytotoxic Ti(IV) species, demonstrating little dissociation even after 1 month in cell culture media. UV-vis and 1H NMR studies show that the stability is unaffected by the presence of biomolecular Ti(IV) binders such as citrate, STf, and albumin, which have been shown to induce dissociation or regulate cellular uptake and can alter the activity of other antiproliferative Ti(IV) complexes. Kinetic studies on [Ti(deferasirox)2]2- transmetalation with Fe(III) show that a labile Fe(III) source is required to induce this process. The initial step of this process occurs on the time scale of minutes, and equilibrium for the complete transmetalation is reached on a time scale of hours to a day. This work reveals a mechanism to deliver Ti(IV) compounds into cells and trigger Ti(IV) release by a labile Fe(III) species. Cellular studies including other cTfm ligands confirm the Fe(III) depletion mechanism of these compounds and show their ability to induce early and late apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Loza-Rosas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Alexandra M. Vázquez-Salgado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Kennett I. Rivero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Lenny J. Negrón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Yamixa Delgado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Josué A. Benjamín-Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Angel L. Vázquez-Maldonado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Timothy B. Parks
- VA Caribbean Healthcare System, 10 Casia Street, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00921, United States
| | - Charlene Munet-Colón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Arthur D. Tinoco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
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Loza-Rosas SA, Saxena M, Delgado Y, Gaur K, Pandrala M, Tinoco AD. A ubiquitous metal, difficult to track: towards an understanding of the regulation of titanium(iv) in humans. Metallomics 2017; 9:346-356. [PMID: 28164202 PMCID: PMC5397357 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00223d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the ubiquitous nature of titanium(iv) and several examples of its beneficial behavior in different organisms, the metal remains underappreciated in biology. There is little understanding of how the metal might play an important function in the human body. Nonetheless, a new insight is obtained regarding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the blood speciation of the metal to maintain it in a nontoxic and potentially bioavailable form for use in the body. This review surveys the literature on Ti(iv) application in prosthetics and in the development of anticancer therapeutics to gain an insight into soluble Ti(iv) influx in the body and its long-term impact. The limitation in analytical tools makes it difficult to depict the full picture of how Ti(iv) is transported and distributed throughout the body. An improved understanding of Ti function and its interaction with biomolecules will be helpful in developing future technologies for its imaging in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A Loza-Rosas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00969, USA.
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de la Cueva-Alique I, Muñoz-Moreno L, Benabdelouahab Y, Elie BT, El Amrani MA, Mosquera MEG, Contel M, Bajo AM, Cuenca T, Royo E. Novel enantiopure cyclopentadienyl Ti(IV) oximato compounds as potential anticancer agents. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 156:22-34. [PMID: 26717259 PMCID: PMC4882921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of new enantiopure cyclopentadienyl titanium oximato compounds (S,R)-[(η(5)-C5H5)Ti{к(2)NO,(R)NH·HCl}Cl2] (R=Ph (phenyl) 1a·HCl, Bn (benzyl) 1b·HCl, 2-pic (2-picolyl) 1c·HCl), (S,R)-[(η(5)-C5H5)TiCl2{к(2)NO,(Ph)NH}] (1a) and (S,R)-[(η(5)-C5H5)2TiCl{к(2)NO,(R)NH}] (R=Ph 2a, Bn 2b, 2-pic 2c), along with studies on their behavior in D2O at different pD values are reported. The structure of previously described ammonium-oxime (2S,5R)-{NOH,(Bn)NH·HCl} (b·HCl) and novel titanium derivative 1a have been determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The effect of the compounds on cytotoxicity, cell adhesion and migration of the androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 cells has been assessed. Compounds 2b and 2c are more cytotoxic than additive doses of titanocene dichloride and free oxime proligand, probing the synergistic effect of these novel compounds. The cytotoxicity of 2b and 2c has been further evaluated against human renal Caki-1, colon DLD-1 and triple negative breast MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. The activity found for 2c on PC-3 and Caki-1 is higher than that of highly active Titanocene Y (bis-[(p-methoxybenzyl)cyclopentadienyl]titanium(IV) dichloride), while showing selectivity against renal cancer when compared to a non-tumorigenic human renal (HEK-293T) cell line. Compounds 2b and especially 2c are apoptotic in Caki-1 cancer cell lines. Cell adhesion and wound-healing assays confirmed that derivatives 1c·HCl, 2b and 2c affect the adhesion and migration patterns of the PC-3 cell line. Interactions of the novel compounds with plasmid (pBR322) DNA have also been studied, showing that the oximato Ti(IV) derivatives have a weak or no interaction with DNA at physiological pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel de la Cueva-Alique
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Muñoz-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yosra Benabdelouahab
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benelita T Elie
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11210, USA; Chemistry and Biology PhD Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Mohammed Amin El Amrani
- Université Abdelmalek Essaadi, Departement de Chemie-Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Appliquée, Mhannech II, B.P. 2121, Tétouan, Morocco
| | - Marta E G Mosquera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Contel
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11210, USA; Chemistry and Biology PhD Programs, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ana M Bajo
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Cuenca
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Royo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Biología, Ciencias Ambientales y Química, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Chrissanthopoulos A, Klouras N, Ntala C, Sevastos D, Dalas E. Inhibition of hydroxyapatite formation in the presence of titanocene-amino acid complexes: an experimental and computational study. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:5341. [PMID: 25578695 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5341-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organometallic compounds have been used in various fields of chemistry, medicine and materials science. Central metal, stereochemical configuration and functional groups of the substitutes give to the organometallic compounds very special and selective properties. These properties have been used successfully in selective-antitumor-targeting, as well as anti-arthritic drugs. In the present investigation we study the influence of two organometallic compounds on the inhibition of crystallization of hydroxyapatite. These compounds are complexes of Ti(IV) with the general formula [Cp2Ti(aa)2](2+)2Cl(-), where Cp = η (5)-C5H5 cyclopentadienyl and aa the amino acid glycine or alanine. The experiments were conducted according to the constant composition technique in supersaturated solutions containing calcium and phosphate ions. The kinetic results indicate a surface diffusion controlled mechanism of the hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals. The experiments prove that the presence of [Cp2Ti(Ala)2](2+)2Cl(-) and [Cp2Ti(Gly)2](2+)2Cl(-) complexes affects drastically the profile formation rate of the HAP crystals under biological conditions. The complex with the amino acid alanine provides a stronger inhibition of the formation rate comparing to the complex with glycine. The experimental observations are supported by computer calculations.
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Mijatović S, Bulatović M, Mojić M, Stošić-Grujičić S, Miljković D, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Gómez-Ruiz S, Pinkas J, Horáček M, Kaluđerović GN. Study of the anticancer properties of methyl- and phenyl-substituted carbon- and silicon-bridged ansa-titanocene complexes. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Parks TB, Cruz YM, Tinoco AD. Applying the Fe(III) Binding Property of a Chemical Transferrin Mimetic to Ti(IV) Anticancer Drug Design. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:1743-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4028749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B. Parks
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San
Juan, Puerto Rico 00931
| | - Yahaira M. Cruz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San
Juan, Puerto Rico 00931
| | - Arthur D. Tinoco
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San
Juan, Puerto Rico 00931
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Gómez-Ruiz S, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Mijatović S, Kaluđerović GN. On the discovery, biological effects, and use of Cisplatin and metallocenes in anticancer chemotherapy. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2012; 2012:140284. [PMID: 22844263 PMCID: PMC3401524 DOI: 10.1155/2012/140284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to summarize mode of action of cisplatin on the tumor cells, a brief outlook on the metallocene compounds as antitumor drugs as well as the future tendencies for the use of the latter in anticancer chemotherapy. Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin interaction with DNA, DNA repair mechanisms, and cellular proteins are discussed. Molecular background of the sensitivity and resistance to cisplatin, as well as its influence on the efficacy of the antitumor immune response was evaluated. Furthermore, herein are summarized some metallocenes (titanocene, vanadocene, molybdocene, ferrocene, and zirconocene) with high antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Analítica, E.S.C.E.T., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, University of Belgrade, Boulevard of Despot Stefan 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, University of Belgrade, Boulevard of Despot Stefan 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran N. Kaluđerović
- Institut für Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Cytotoxicity of a Ti(IV) compound is independent of serum proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:5016-21. [PMID: 22411801 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1119303109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium(IV) compounds are excellent anticancer drug candidates, but they have yet to find success in clinical applications. A major limitation in developing further compounds has been a general lack of understanding of the mechanism governing their bioactivity. To determine factors necessary for bioactivity, we tested the cytotoxicity of different ligand compounds in conjunction with speciation studies and mass spectrometry bioavailability measurements. These studies demonstrated that the Ti(IV) compound of N,N'-di(o-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid (HBED) is cytotoxic to A549 lung cancer cells, unlike those of citrate and naphthalene-2,3-diolate. Although serum proteins are implicated in the activity of Ti(IV) compounds, we found that these interactions do not play a role in [TiO(HBED)](-) activity. Subsequent compound characterization revealed ligand properties necessary for activity. These findings establish the importance of the ligand in the bioactivity of Ti(IV) compounds, provides insights for developing next-generation Ti(IV) anticancer compounds, and reveal [TiO(HBED)](-) as a unique candidate anticancer compound.
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The binding and transport of alternative metals by transferrin. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:362-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Buettner
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Ann M. Valentine
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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Morales A, Santana A, Althoff G, Melendez E. Host-Guest Interactions between Calixarenes and Cp(2)NbCl(2). J Organomet Chem 2011; 696:2519-2527. [PMID: 21709809 PMCID: PMC3119540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The possible inclusion complexes of Cp(2)NbCl(2) into calixarenes hosts have been investigated. The existence of a true inclusion complex in the solid state was confirmed by a combination of NMR, ab-initio calculations, thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR, Raman and PXRD. Ab-initio calculations, (1)H NMR solution and solid state (13)C CP MAS NMR results demonstrated that p-sulfonic calix[6]arene does form an inclusion complex with Cp(2)NbCl(2). Raman spectroscopy showed, for the inclusion compound of p-sulfonic calix[6]arene-Cp(2)NbCl(2), a band between 500-850 cm(-1) characteristic of Nb-O vibration. This result suggests that Nb(V) may engage in coordination with the oxygen of the sulfonate group, as part of the host-guest interaction. However, it is important to mention that the niobocene dichloride (Cp(2)NbCl(2)) dissolves in water and undergoes oxidation and hydrolysis processes to yield Cp(2)NbCl(2)(OH) species. For that reason this band does not exclude that the Nb-O band belongs to Cp(2)NbCl(2)(OH). Solid State (13)C CP MAS NMR and solution (1)H NMR spectroscopies together with ab-initio results showed that Cp(2)NbCl(2) is included in the p-sulfonic calix[6]arene cavity, with both Cp rings inside the cavity. In contrast, the solution (1)H NMR results demonstrated that calix[6]arene does not form inclusion complex with Cp(2)NbCl(2) in CDCl(3) solution. Cp(2)NbCl(2) is not included in the calix[6]arene cavity, possibly due to the lack of sulfonate heads which promote Nb-O interactions and assist the inclusion of Cp(2)NbCl(2) into the cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Morales
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681
| | - Alberto Santana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681
| | - Gerhard Althoff
- Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Silberstreifen, 76287 Rheinstetten Germany
| | - Enrique Melendez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681
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Deng C, Zhou L. Theoretical study on the interaction of titanocene dichloride with deoxyguanosine monophosphate. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Gao LM, Vera JL, Matta J, Meléndez E. Synthesis and cytotoxicity studies of steroid-functionalized titanocenes as potential anticancer drugs: sex steroids as potential vectors for titanocenes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2010; 15:851-9. [PMID: 20349254 PMCID: PMC4461440 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-010-0649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Six titanocenyls functionalized with steroidal esters have been synthesized and characterized by infrared, (1)H, and (13)C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Among those steroids, dehydroepiandrosterone, trans-androsterone, and androsterone are androgens and pregnenolone is a progesterone precursor. Clionasterol is a natural steroid compound. These steroid-functionalized titanocenyls were tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay for in vitro cytotoxicity for MCF-7 breast cancer and HT-29 colon cancer cells. All complexes exhibited more cytotoxicity than titanocene dichloride. The titanocenyls containing androgen and progesterone derivatives as pendant groups had higher antiproliferative activities than those with cholesterol steroid compounds. Of particular significance is titanocenyl-dehydroepiandrosterone complex, which is 2 orders of magnitude more cytotoxic than titanocene dichloride and also shows much more sensitivity and selectivity for the MCF-7 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ming Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA
| | - José L. Vera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA
| | - Jaime Matta
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Physiology, Ponce School of Medicine, Ponce, PR 00732-7004, USA
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA
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18
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Hernández R, Méndez J, Lamboy J, Torres M, Román FR, Meléndez E. Titanium(IV) complexes: cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of titanium(IV) complexes on caco-2 cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:178-83. [PMID: 19772913 PMCID: PMC2814966 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Replacement of the ancillary ligand in titanocene dichloride by amino acids provides titanocene species with high water solubility. As part of our research efforts in the area of titanium-based antitumor agents, we have investigated the cytotoxic activity of Cp(2)TiCl(2) and three water soluble titanocene-amino acid complexes - [Cp(2)Ti(aa)(2)]Cl(2) (aa=L-cysteine, L-methionine, and D-penicillamine) and one water soluble coordination compound, [Ti(4)(maltolato)(8)(micro-O)(4)] on the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, Caco-2. At pH of 7.4 all titanocene species decompose extensively while [Ti(4)(maltolato)(8)(micro-O)(4)] is stable for over seven days. In terms of cytotoxicity, the [Cp(2)Ti(aa)(2)]Cl(2) and [Ti(4)(maltolato)(8)(micro-O)(4)] complexes exhibited slightly higher toxicity than titanocene dichloride at 24h, but at 72h titanocene dichloride and [Ti(4)(maltolato)(8)(micro-O)(4)] have higher cytotoxic activity. Cellular titanium uptake was quantified at various time intervals to investigate the possible relationship between Ti uptake and cellular toxicity. Results indicated that there was not a clear relationship between Ti uptake and cytotoxicity. A structure-activity relationship is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Hernández
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019 Mayaguez, PR 00681
- Pontifical Catholic University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry 2250 Ave. Las Américas Ponce, PR 00717- 9997
| | - Janet Méndez
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemical Engineering, PO Box 9046 Mayaguez, PR 00681
| | - José Lamboy
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019 Mayaguez, PR 00681
| | - Madeline Torres
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemical Engineering, PO Box 9046 Mayaguez, PR 00681
| | - Féliz R. Román
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019 Mayaguez, PR 00681
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- University of Puerto Rico, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 9019 Mayaguez, PR 00681
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Manna CM, Tshuva EY. Markedly different cytotoxicity of the two enantiomers of C2-symmetrical Ti(iv) phenolato complexes; mechanistic implications. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:1182-4. [DOI: 10.1039/b920786b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gao LM, Matta J, Rheingold AL, Meléndez E. Synthesis, Structure and Biological Activity of Amide-Functionalized Titanocenyls: Improving their Cytotoxic Properties. J Organomet Chem 2009; 694:4134-4139. [PMID: 20177431 PMCID: PMC2824910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nine amide-functionalized titanocenyls have been synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods and the solid state structure of Cp(CpCO-NH-C(6)H(4)-OCF(3))TiCl(2) was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray analysis of Cp(CpCO-NH-C(6)H(4)-OCF(3))TiCl(2) showed that titanium is in a pseudo tetrahedral geometry and contains a Ti-O(amide) coordination. In principle, Ti-O coordination should provide more hydrolytic stability to the corresponding titanocenyls than titanocene dichloride. The cytotoxic activities of these amide-functionalized titanocenyls on HT-29 colon cancer cell line were determined by MTT assay to elucidate structure-activity relationship. All complexes were more cytotoxic than titanocene dichloride and there is no correlation between the para substituents on the phenyl ring and their cytotoxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ming Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681
| | - Jaime Matta
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Physiology, Ponce School of Medicine, Ponce, PR 00732-7004
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Enrique Meléndez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681
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Roner MR, Carraher CE, Shahi K, Ashida Y, Barot G. Ability of Group IVB metallocene polyethers containing dienestrol to arrest the growth of selected cancer cell lines. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:358. [PMID: 19811643 PMCID: PMC2765989 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monomeric Group IVB (Ti, Zr and Hf) metallocenes represent a new class of antitumor compounds. There is literature on the general biological activities of some organotin compounds. Unfortunately, there is little information with respect to the molecular level activity of these organotin compounds. We recently started focusing on the anti-cancer activity of organotin polymers that we had made for other purposes and as part of our platinum anti-cancer effort. METHODS For this study, we synthesized a new series of metallocene-containing compounds coupling the metallocene unit with dienestrol, a synthetic, nonsteroidal estrogen. This is part of our effort to couple known moieties that offer antitumor activity with biologically active units hoping to increase the biological activity of the combination. The materials were confirmed to be polymeric using light scattering photometry and the structural repeat unit was verified employing matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy results. RESULTS The polymers demonstrated the ability to suppress the growth of a series of tumor cell lines originating from breast, colon, prostrate, and lung cancers at concentrations generally lower than those required for inhibition of cell growth by the commonly used antitumor drug cisplatin. CONCLUSION These drugs show great promise in vitro against a number of cancer cell lines and due to their polymeric nature will most likely be less toxic than currently used metal-containing drugs such as cisplatin. These drugs also offer several addition positive aspects. First, the reactants are commercially available so that additional synthetic steps are not needed. Second, synthesis of the polymer is rapid, occurring within about 15 seconds. Third, the interfacial synthetic system is already industrially employed in the synthesis of aromatic nylons and polycarbonates. Thus, the ability to synthesize large amounts of the drugs is straight forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Roner
- University of Texas, Arlington, Department of Biology, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - Charles E Carraher
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Florida Center for Environmental Studies, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410, USA
| | - Kimberly Shahi
- University of Texas, Arlington, Department of Biology, Arlington, TX 76010, USA
| | - Yuki Ashida
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Florida Center for Environmental Studies, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410, USA
- Tokushima University, Department of Engineering, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Girish Barot
- Florida Atlantic University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
- Florida Center for Environmental Studies, Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33410, USA
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Feliciano I, Matta J, Meléndez E. Water-soluble molybdenocene complexes with both proliferative and antiproliferative effects on cancer cell lines and their binding interactions with human serum albumin. J Biol Inorg Chem 2009; 14:1109-17. [PMID: 19536567 PMCID: PMC2819120 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-009-0554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two water-soluble molybdenocene complexes containing oxygen chelating ligands, maltolato and malonate, have been synthesized to elucidate the role of the ancillary ligands in the molybdenocene cytotoxic activity. The structural characterizations of these species by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopies suggest that both molybdenocene complexes contain the ligands in a bidentate fashion and elemental analysis and mass spectrometry corroborate the proposed formula for the species to be Cp2Mo(malonate) and [Cp2Mo(maltolato)]Cl (Cp is cyclopentadienyl). Metal-albumin binding studies were pursued using UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetric techniques. Whereas metal-albumin binding studies using UV-vis spectroscopy did not show any evidence of interaction, cyclic voltammetry experiments showed that molybdenocene complexes may be involved in weak binding interactions with albumin, most likely in hydrophobic interactions. The cytotoxic activities of Cp2Mo(malonate) and [Cp2Mo(maltolato)]Cl alone with Cp2MoCl2 were investigated in HT-29 colon cancer and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell viability assay. Cp2Mo(malonate) and [Cp2Mo(maltolato)]Cl showed slight improvement in terms of cytotoxic activity as compared with Cp2MoCl2 in the HT-29 colon cancer cell line, whereas for MCF-7 all the molybdenocene species exhibited a proliferative profile. The molybdenocene-containing chelating ligands showed stronger proliferative effects than Cp2MoCl2. There is no correlation between the binding affinity of molybdenocenes for human serum albumin and cytotoxic activity toward HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idainés Feliciano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 9019, Mayagüez, PR 00681
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Tshuva EY, Peri D. Modern cytotoxic titanium(IV) complexes; Insights on the enigmatic involvement of hydrolysis. Coord Chem Rev 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Y. Tshuva
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, Fax: +972‐2‐6584282
| | - James A. Ashenhurst
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel, Fax: +972‐2‐6584282
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Pavlaki M, Debeli K, Triantaphyllidou IE, Klouras N, Giannopoulou E, Aletras AJ. A proposed mechanism for the inhibitory effect of the anticancer agent titanocene dichloride on tumour gelatinases and other proteolytic enzymes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2009; 14:947-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-009-0507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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